Drop C bindings (which are now in a separate repo)
[rust-lightning] / c-bindings-gen / src / types.rs
diff --git a/c-bindings-gen/src/types.rs b/c-bindings-gen/src/types.rs
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index ad21b4c..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2182 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::hash;
-
-use crate::blocks::*;
-
-use proc_macro2::{TokenTree, Span};
-
-// The following utils are used purely to build our known types maps - they break down all the
-// types we need to resolve to include the given object, and no more.
-
-pub fn first_seg_self<'a>(t: &'a syn::Type) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item=&syn::PathSegment> + 'a> {
-       match t {
-               syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                       if p.qself.is_some() || p.path.leading_colon.is_some() {
-                               return None;
-                       }
-                       let mut segs = p.path.segments.iter();
-                       let ty = segs.next().unwrap();
-                       if !ty.arguments.is_empty() { return None; }
-                       if format!("{}", ty.ident) == "Self" {
-                               Some(segs)
-                       } else { None }
-               },
-               _ => None,
-       }
-}
-
-pub fn get_single_remaining_path_seg<'a, I: Iterator<Item=&'a syn::PathSegment>>(segs: &mut I) -> Option<&'a syn::Ident> {
-       if let Some(ty) = segs.next() {
-               if !ty.arguments.is_empty() { unimplemented!(); }
-               if segs.next().is_some() { return None; }
-               Some(&ty.ident)
-       } else { None }
-}
-
-pub fn single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(p: &syn::Path) -> Option<&syn::Ident> {
-       if p.segments.len() == 1 {
-               Some(&p.segments.iter().next().unwrap().ident)
-       } else { None }
-}
-
-pub fn path_matches_nongeneric(p: &syn::Path, exp: &[&str]) -> bool {
-       if p.segments.len() != exp.len() { return false; }
-       for (seg, e) in p.segments.iter().zip(exp.iter()) {
-               if seg.arguments != syn::PathArguments::None { return false; }
-               if &format!("{}", seg.ident) != *e { return false; }
-       }
-       true
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ExportStatus {
-       Export,
-       NoExport,
-       TestOnly,
-}
-/// Gets the ExportStatus of an object (struct, fn, etc) given its attributes.
-pub fn export_status(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> ExportStatus {
-       for attr in attrs.iter() {
-               let tokens_clone = attr.tokens.clone();
-               let mut token_iter = tokens_clone.into_iter();
-               if let Some(token) = token_iter.next() {
-                       match token {
-                               TokenTree::Punct(c) if c.as_char() == '=' => {
-                                       // Really not sure where syn gets '=' from here -
-                                       // it somehow represents '///' or '//!'
-                               },
-                               TokenTree::Group(g) => {
-                                       if format!("{}", single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&attr.path).unwrap()) == "cfg" {
-                                               let mut iter = g.stream().into_iter();
-                                               if let TokenTree::Ident(i) = iter.next().unwrap() {
-                                                       if i == "any" {
-                                                               // #[cfg(any(test, feature = ""))]
-                                                               if let TokenTree::Group(g) = iter.next().unwrap() {
-                                                                       if let TokenTree::Ident(i) = g.stream().into_iter().next().unwrap() {
-                                                                               if i == "test" || i == "feature" {
-                                                                                       // If its cfg(feature(...)) we assume its test-only
-                                                                                       return ExportStatus::TestOnly;
-                                                                               }
-                                                                       }
-                                                               }
-                                                       } else if i == "test" || i == "feature" {
-                                                               // If its cfg(feature(...)) we assume its test-only
-                                                               return ExportStatus::TestOnly;
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       continue; // eg #[derive()]
-                               },
-                               _ => unimplemented!(),
-                       }
-               } else { continue; }
-               match token_iter.next().unwrap() {
-                       TokenTree::Literal(lit) => {
-                               let line = format!("{}", lit);
-                               if line.contains("(C-not exported)") {
-                                       return ExportStatus::NoExport;
-                               }
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-       ExportStatus::Export
-}
-
-pub fn assert_simple_bound(bound: &syn::TraitBound) {
-       if bound.paren_token.is_some() || bound.lifetimes.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-       if let syn::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe(_) = bound.modifier { unimplemented!(); }
-}
-
-/// Returns true if the enum will be mapped as an opaue (ie struct with a pointer to the underlying
-/// type), otherwise it is mapped into a transparent, C-compatible version of itself.
-pub fn is_enum_opaque(e: &syn::ItemEnum) -> bool {
-       for var in e.variants.iter() {
-               if let syn::Fields::Named(fields) = &var.fields {
-                       for field in fields.named.iter() {
-                               match export_status(&field.attrs) {
-                                       ExportStatus::Export|ExportStatus::TestOnly => {},
-                                       ExportStatus::NoExport => return true,
-                               }
-                       }
-               } else if let syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) = &var.fields {
-                       for field in fields.unnamed.iter() {
-                               match export_status(&field.attrs) {
-                                       ExportStatus::Export|ExportStatus::TestOnly => {},
-                                       ExportStatus::NoExport => return true,
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       false
-}
-
-/// A stack of sets of generic resolutions.
-///
-/// This tracks the template parameters for a function, struct, or trait, allowing resolution into
-/// a concrete type. By pushing a new context onto the stack, this can track a function's template
-/// parameters inside of a generic struct or trait.
-///
-/// It maps both direct types as well as Deref<Target = X>, mapping them via the provided
-/// TypeResolver's resolve_path function (ie traits map to the concrete jump table, structs to the
-/// concrete C container struct, etc).
-pub struct GenericTypes<'a> {
-       typed_generics: Vec<HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, (String, Option<&'a syn::Path>)>>,
-}
-impl<'a> GenericTypes<'a> {
-       pub fn new() -> Self {
-               Self { typed_generics: vec![HashMap::new()], }
-       }
-
-       /// push a new context onto the stack, allowing for a new set of generics to be learned which
-       /// will override any lower contexts, but which will still fall back to resoltion via lower
-       /// contexts.
-       pub fn push_ctx(&mut self) {
-               self.typed_generics.push(HashMap::new());
-       }
-       /// pop the latest context off the stack.
-       pub fn pop_ctx(&mut self) {
-               self.typed_generics.pop();
-       }
-
-       /// Learn the generics in generics in the current context, given a TypeResolver.
-       pub fn learn_generics<'b, 'c>(&mut self, generics: &'a syn::Generics, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) -> bool {
-               // First learn simple generics...
-               for generic in generics.params.iter() {
-                       match generic {
-                               syn::GenericParam::Type(type_param) => {
-                                       let mut non_lifetimes_processed = false;
-                                       for bound in type_param.bounds.iter() {
-                                               if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) = bound {
-                                                       if let Some(ident) = single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&trait_bound.path) {
-                                                               match &format!("{}", ident) as &str { "Send" => continue, "Sync" => continue, _ => {} }
-                                                       }
-                                                       if path_matches_nongeneric(&trait_bound.path, &["core", "clone", "Clone"]) { continue; }
-
-                                                       assert_simple_bound(&trait_bound);
-                                                       if let Some(mut path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None) {
-                                                               if types.skip_path(&path) { continue; }
-                                                               if non_lifetimes_processed { return false; }
-                                                               non_lifetimes_processed = true;
-                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" {
-                                                                       path = "crate::".to_string() + &path;
-                                                                       Some(&trait_bound.path)
-                                                               } else { None };
-                                                               self.typed_generics.last_mut().unwrap().insert(&type_param.ident, (path, new_ident));
-                                                       } else { return false; }
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               },
-                               _ => {},
-                       }
-               }
-               // Then find generics where we are required to pass a Deref<Target=X> and pretend its just X.
-               if let Some(wh) = &generics.where_clause {
-                       for pred in wh.predicates.iter() {
-                               if let syn::WherePredicate::Type(t) = pred {
-                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &t.bounded_ty {
-                                               if p.qself.is_some() { return false; }
-                                               if p.path.leading_colon.is_some() { return false; }
-                                               let mut p_iter = p.path.segments.iter();
-                                               if let Some(gen) = self.typed_generics.last_mut().unwrap().get_mut(&p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) {
-                                                       if gen.0 != "std::ops::Deref" { return false; }
-                                                       if &format!("{}", p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) != "Target" { return false; }
-
-                                                       let mut non_lifetimes_processed = false;
-                                                       for bound in t.bounds.iter() {
-                                                               if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) = bound {
-                                                                       if non_lifetimes_processed { return false; }
-                                                                       non_lifetimes_processed = true;
-                                                                       assert_simple_bound(&trait_bound);
-                                                                       *gen = ("crate::".to_string() + &types.resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None),
-                                                                               Some(&trait_bound.path));
-                                                               }
-                                                       }
-                                               } else { return false; }
-                                       } else { return false; }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               for (_, (_, ident)) in self.typed_generics.last().unwrap().iter() {
-                       if ident.is_none() { return false; }
-               }
-               true
-       }
-
-       /// Learn the associated types from the trait in the current context.
-       pub fn learn_associated_types<'b, 'c>(&mut self, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) {
-               for item in t.items.iter() {
-                       match item {
-                               &syn::TraitItem::Type(ref t) => {
-                                       if t.default.is_some() || t.generics.lt_token.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                                       let mut bounds_iter = t.bounds.iter();
-                                       match bounds_iter.next().unwrap() {
-                                               syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(tr) => {
-                                                       assert_simple_bound(&tr);
-                                                       if let Some(mut path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&tr.path, None) {
-                                                               if types.skip_path(&path) { continue; }
-                                                               // In general we handle Deref<Target=X> as if it were just X (and
-                                                               // implement Deref<Target=Self> for relevant types). We don't
-                                                               // bother to implement it for associated types, however, so we just
-                                                               // ignore such bounds.
-                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" {
-                                                                       path = "crate::".to_string() + &path;
-                                                                       Some(&tr.path)
-                                                               } else { None };
-                                                               self.typed_generics.last_mut().unwrap().insert(&t.ident, (path, new_ident));
-                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                               },
-                                               _ => unimplemented!(),
-                                       }
-                                       if bounds_iter.next().is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                               },
-                               _ => {},
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// Attempt to resolve an Ident as a generic parameter and return the full path.
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_ident<'b>(&'b self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&'b String> {
-               for gen in self.typed_generics.iter().rev() {
-                       if let Some(res) = gen.get(ident).map(|(a, _)| a) {
-                               return Some(res);
-                       }
-               }
-               None
-       }
-       /// Attempt to resolve a Path as a generic parameter and return the full path. as both a string
-       /// and syn::Path.
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_path<'b>(&'b self, path: &syn::Path) -> Option<(&'b String, &'a syn::Path)> {
-               if let Some(ident) = path.get_ident() {
-                       for gen in self.typed_generics.iter().rev() {
-                               if let Some(res) = gen.get(ident).map(|(a, b)| (a, b.unwrap())) {
-                                       return Some(res);
-                               }
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       // Associated types are usually specified as "Self::Generic", so we check for that
-                       // explicitly here.
-                       let mut it = path.segments.iter();
-                       if path.segments.len() == 2 && format!("{}", it.next().unwrap().ident) == "Self" {
-                               let ident = &it.next().unwrap().ident;
-                               for gen in self.typed_generics.iter().rev() {
-                                       if let Some(res) = gen.get(ident).map(|(a, b)| (a, b.unwrap())) {
-                                               return Some(res);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               None
-       }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
-// The type of declaration and the object itself
-pub enum DeclType<'a> {
-       MirroredEnum,
-       Trait(&'a syn::ItemTrait),
-       StructImported,
-       StructIgnored,
-       EnumIgnored,
-}
-
-pub struct ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> {
-       module_path: &'mod_lifetime str,
-       imports: HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>,
-       declared: HashMap<syn::Ident, DeclType<'crate_lft>>,
-       priv_modules: HashSet<syn::Ident>,
-}
-impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft> {
-       fn process_use_intern(imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::UseTree, partial_path: &str, mut path: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<syn::PathSegment, syn::token::Colon2>) {
-               match u {
-                       syn::UseTree::Path(p) => {
-                               let new_path = format!("{}{}::", partial_path, p.ident);
-                               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: p.ident.clone(), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
-                               Self::process_use_intern(imports, &p.tree, &new_path, path);
-                       },
-                       syn::UseTree::Name(n) => {
-                               let full_path = format!("{}{}", partial_path, n.ident);
-                               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: n.ident.clone(), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
-                               imports.insert(n.ident.clone(), (full_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
-                       },
-                       syn::UseTree::Group(g) => {
-                               for i in g.items.iter() {
-                                       Self::process_use_intern(imports, i, partial_path, path.clone());
-                               }
-                       },
-                       syn::UseTree::Rename(r) => {
-                               let full_path = format!("{}{}", partial_path, r.ident);
-                               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: r.ident.clone(), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
-                               imports.insert(r.rename.clone(), (full_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
-                       },
-                       syn::UseTree::Glob(_) => {
-                               eprintln!("Ignoring * use for {} - this may result in resolution failures", partial_path);
-                       },
-               }
-       }
-
-       fn process_use(imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::ItemUse) {
-               if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = u.vis {
-                       // We actually only use these for #[cfg(fuzztarget)]
-                       eprintln!("Ignoring pub(use) tree!");
-                       return;
-               }
-               if u.leading_colon.is_some() { eprintln!("Ignoring leading-colon use!"); return; }
-               Self::process_use_intern(imports, &u.tree, "", syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new());
-       }
-
-       fn insert_primitive(imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, id: &str) {
-               let ident = syn::Ident::new(id, Span::call_site());
-               let mut path = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: ident.clone(), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
-               imports.insert(ident, (id.to_owned(), syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
-       }
-
-       pub fn new(module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &'crate_lft [syn::Item]) -> Self {
-               let mut imports = HashMap::new();
-               // Add primitives to the "imports" list:
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "bool");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u64");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u32");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u16");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u8");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "usize");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "str");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "String");
-
-               // These are here to allow us to print native Rust types in trait fn impls even if we don't
-               // have C mappings:
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "Result");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "Vec");
-               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "Option");
-
-               let mut declared = HashMap::new();
-               let mut priv_modules = HashSet::new();
-
-               for item in contents.iter() {
-                       match item {
-                               syn::Item::Use(u) => Self::process_use(&mut imports, &u),
-                               syn::Item::Struct(s) => {
-                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = s.vis {
-                                               match export_status(&s.attrs) {
-                                                       ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported); },
-                                                       ExportStatus::NoExport => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructIgnored); },
-                                                       ExportStatus::TestOnly => continue,
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               },
-                               syn::Item::Type(t) if export_status(&t.attrs) == ExportStatus::Export => {
-                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = t.vis {
-                                               let mut process_alias = true;
-                                               for tok in t.generics.params.iter() {
-                                                       if let syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = tok {}
-                                                       else { process_alias = false; }
-                                               }
-                                               if process_alias {
-                                                       match &*t.ty {
-                                                               syn::Type::Path(_) => { declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported); },
-                                                               _ => {},
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               },
-                               syn::Item::Enum(e) => {
-                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = e.vis {
-                                               match export_status(&e.attrs) {
-                                                       ExportStatus::Export if is_enum_opaque(e) => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::EnumIgnored); },
-                                                       ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::MirroredEnum); },
-                                                       _ => continue,
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               },
-                               syn::Item::Trait(t) if export_status(&t.attrs) == ExportStatus::Export => {
-                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = t.vis {
-                                               declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::Trait(t));
-                                       }
-                               },
-                               syn::Item::Mod(m) => {
-                                       priv_modules.insert(m.ident.clone());
-                               },
-                               _ => {},
-                       }
-               }
-
-               Self { module_path, imports, declared, priv_modules }
-       }
-
-       pub fn get_declared_type(&self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&DeclType<'crate_lft>> {
-               self.declared.get(ident)
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_declared(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&DeclType<'crate_lft>> {
-               self.declared.get(id)
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(id) {
-                       Some(imp.clone())
-               } else if self.declared.get(id).is_some() {
-                       Some(self.module_path.to_string() + "::" + &format!("{}", id))
-               } else { None }
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(id) {
-                       Some(imp.clone())
-               } else if let Some(decl_type) = self.declared.get(id) {
-                       match decl_type {
-                               DeclType::StructIgnored => None,
-                               _ => Some(self.module_path.to_string() + "::" + &format!("{}", id)),
-                       }
-               } else { None }
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_path(&self, p_arg: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
-               let p = if let Some(gen_types) = generics {
-                       if let Some((_, synpath)) = gen_types.maybe_resolve_path(p_arg) {
-                               synpath
-                       } else { p_arg }
-               } else { p_arg };
-
-               if p.leading_colon.is_some() {
-                       Some(p.segments.iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, seg)| {
-                               format!("{}{}", if idx == 0 { "" } else { "::" }, seg.ident)
-                       }).collect())
-               } else if let Some(id) = p.get_ident() {
-                       self.maybe_resolve_ident(id)
-               } else {
-                       if p.segments.len() == 1 {
-                               let seg = p.segments.iter().next().unwrap();
-                               return self.maybe_resolve_ident(&seg.ident);
-                       }
-                       let mut seg_iter = p.segments.iter();
-                       let first_seg = seg_iter.next().unwrap();
-                       let remaining: String = seg_iter.map(|seg| {
-                               format!("::{}", seg.ident)
-                       }).collect();
-                       if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(&first_seg.ident) {
-                               if remaining != "" {
-                                       Some(imp.clone() + &remaining)
-                               } else {
-                                       Some(imp.clone())
-                               }
-                       } else if let Some(_) = self.priv_modules.get(&first_seg.ident) {
-                               Some(format!("{}::{}{}", self.module_path, first_seg.ident, remaining))
-                       } else { None }
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// Map all the Paths in a Type into absolute paths given a set of imports (generated via process_use_intern)
-       pub fn resolve_imported_refs(&self, mut ty: syn::Type) -> syn::Type {
-               match &mut ty {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if let Some(ident) = p.path.get_ident() {
-                                       if let Some((_, newpath)) = self.imports.get(ident) {
-                                               p.path = newpath.clone();
-                                       }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               r.elem = Box::new(self.resolve_imported_refs((*r.elem).clone()));
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
-                               s.elem = Box::new(self.resolve_imported_refs((*s.elem).clone()));
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
-                               for e in t.elems.iter_mut() {
-                                       *e = self.resolve_imported_refs(e.clone());
-                               }
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-               ty
-       }
-}
-
-// templates_defined is walked to write the C++ header, so if we use the default hashing it get
-// reordered on each genbindings run. Instead, we use SipHasher (which defaults to 0-keys) so that
-// the sorting is stable across runs. It is deprecated, but the "replacement" doesn't actually
-// accomplish the same goals, so we just ignore it.
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-pub type NonRandomHash = hash::BuildHasherDefault<hash::SipHasher>;
-
-/// Top-level struct tracking everything which has been defined while walking the crate.
-pub struct CrateTypes<'a> {
-       /// This may contain structs or enums, but only when either is mapped as
-       /// struct X { inner: *mut originalX, .. }
-       pub opaques: HashMap<String, &'a syn::Ident>,
-       /// Enums which are mapped as C enums with conversion functions
-       pub mirrored_enums: HashMap<String, &'a syn::ItemEnum>,
-       /// Traits which are mapped as a pointer + jump table
-       pub traits: HashMap<String, &'a syn::ItemTrait>,
-       /// Aliases from paths to some other Type
-       pub type_aliases: HashMap<String, syn::Type>,
-       /// Value is an alias to Key (maybe with some generics)
-       pub reverse_alias_map: HashMap<String, Vec<(syn::Path, syn::PathArguments)>>,
-       /// Template continer types defined, map from mangled type name -> whether a destructor fn
-       /// exists.
-       ///
-       /// This is used at the end of processing to make C++ wrapper classes
-       pub templates_defined: HashMap<String, bool, NonRandomHash>,
-       /// The output file for any created template container types, written to as we find new
-       /// template containers which need to be defined.
-       pub template_file: &'a mut File,
-       /// Set of containers which are clonable
-       pub clonable_types: HashSet<String>,
-       /// Key impls Value
-       pub trait_impls: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
-}
-
-/// A struct which tracks resolving rust types into C-mapped equivalents, exists for one specific
-/// module but contains a reference to the overall CrateTypes tracking.
-pub struct TypeResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> {
-       pub orig_crate: &'mod_lifetime str,
-       pub module_path: &'mod_lifetime str,
-       pub crate_types: &'mod_lifetime mut CrateTypes<'crate_lft>,
-       types: ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft>,
-}
-
-/// Returned by write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix to indicate what type of dereferencing needs to
-/// happen to get the inner value of a generic.
-enum EmptyValExpectedTy {
-       /// A type which has a flag for being empty (eg an array where we treat all-0s as empty).
-       NonPointer,
-       /// A pointer that we want to dereference and move out of.
-       OwnedPointer,
-       /// A pointer which we want to convert to a reference.
-       ReferenceAsPointer,
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
-       pub fn new(orig_crate: &'a str, module_path: &'a str, types: ImportResolver<'a, 'c>, crate_types: &'a mut CrateTypes<'c>) -> Self {
-               Self { orig_crate, module_path, types, crate_types }
-       }
-
-       // *************************************************
-       // *** Well know type and conversion definitions ***
-       // *************************************************
-
-       /// Returns true we if can just skip passing this to C entirely
-       fn skip_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
-               full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Secp256k1" ||
-               full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signing" ||
-               full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Verification"
-       }
-       /// Returns true we if can just skip passing this to C entirely
-       fn no_arg_path_to_rust(&self, full_path: &str) -> &str {
-               if full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Secp256k1" {
-                       "secp256k1::SECP256K1"
-               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-       }
-
-       /// Returns true if the object is a primitive and is mapped as-is with no conversion
-       /// whatsoever.
-       pub fn is_primitive(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
-               match full_path {
-                       "bool" => true,
-                       "u64" => true,
-                       "u32" => true,
-                       "u16" => true,
-                       "u8" => true,
-                       "usize" => true,
-                       _ => false,
-               }
-       }
-       pub fn is_clonable(&self, ty: &str) -> bool {
-               if self.crate_types.clonable_types.contains(ty) { return true; }
-               if self.is_primitive(ty) { return true; }
-               match ty {
-                       "()" => true,
-                       "crate::c_types::Signature" => true,
-                       "crate::c_types::TxOut" => true,
-                       _ => false,
-               }
-       }
-       /// Gets the C-mapped type for types which are outside of the crate, or which are manually
-       /// ignored by for some reason need mapping anyway.
-       fn c_type_from_path<'b>(&self, full_path: &'b str, is_ref: bool, _ptr_for_ref: bool) -> Option<&'b str> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return Some(full_path);
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "Result" => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CResult"),
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec"),
-                       "Option" => Some(""),
-
-                       // Note that no !is_ref types can map to an array because Rust and C's call semantics
-                       // for arrays are different (https://github.com/eqrion/cbindgen/issues/528)
-
-                       "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes"),
-                       "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes"),
-                       "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThreeBytes"), // Used for RGB values
-
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z"),
-                       "String" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
-
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some("u64"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::chain::transaction::OutPoint"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TxOut"),
-                       "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some("crate::bitcoin::network::Network"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 80]"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref  => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
-
-                       // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "util::logger::Record" => Some("*const std::os::raw::c_char"),
-
-                       _ => None,
-               }
-       }
-
-       fn from_c_conversion_new_var_from_path<'b>(&self, _full_path: &str, _is_ref: bool) -> Option<(&'b str, &'b str)> {
-               None
-       }
-       fn from_c_conversion_prefix_from_path<'b>(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool) -> Option<String> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return Some("".to_owned());
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => Some("local_"),
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => Some("local_"),
-                       "Option" if is_ref => Some("&local_"),
-                       "Option" => Some("local_"),
-
-                       "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some("unsafe { &*"),
-                       "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-
-                       "[u8]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some("String::from_utf8("),
-                       // Note that we'll panic for String if is_ref, as we only have non-owned memory, we
-                       // cannot create a &String.
-
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some("std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey::from_slice(&unsafe { *"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script::from(Vec::from("),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some("::bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script::from("),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" => Some("&::bitcoin::consensus::encode::deserialize(unsafe { &*"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::consensus::encode::deserialize("),
-
-                       // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::hash_types::Txid::from_slice(&unsafe { &*"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("::bitcoin::hash_types::Txid::from_slice(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some("::bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash::from_slice(&"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash("),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash(unsafe { *"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage("),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage(unsafe { *"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret("),
-
-                       // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
-                       "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
-
-                       _ => None,
-               }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
-       }
-       fn from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path<'b>(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool) -> Option<String> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return Some("".to_owned());
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "Option" => Some(""),
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-
-                       "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some("}"),
-                       "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-                       "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-                       "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-                       "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-
-                       "[u8]" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()"),
-                       "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()"),
-
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some(".into()"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()).unwrap()"),
-
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(")"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some("}[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()))"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust())"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some(".into_bitcoin()"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(".into_bitcoin()"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" => Some(" }).unwrap()"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" => Some(".to_slice()).unwrap()"),
-
-                       // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(" }[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data)"),
-
-                       // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
-                       "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
-
-                       _ => None,
-               }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
-       }
-
-       fn to_c_conversion_new_var_from_path<'b>(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool) -> Option<(&'b str, &'b str)> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return None;
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "[u8]" if is_ref => Some(("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(", ")")),
-                       "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(("crate::c_types::usizeslice::from_slice(", ")")),
-
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" if is_ref => Some(("::bitcoin::consensus::encode::serialize(", ")")),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" if !is_ref => Some(("::bitcoin::consensus::encode::serialize(&", ")")),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref => Some(("{ let mut s = [0u8; 80]; s[..].copy_from_slice(&::bitcoin::consensus::encode::serialize(", ")); s }")),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some(("::bitcoin::consensus::encode::serialize(", ")")),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" => None,
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       // TODO: We should include the other record fields
-                       "util::logger::Record" => Some(("std::ffi::CString::new(format!(\"{}\", ", ".args)).unwrap()")),
-                       _ => None,
-               }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
-       }
-       fn to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_from_path(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool, _ptr_for_ref: bool) -> Option<String> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return Some("".to_owned());
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => Some("local_"),
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => Some("local_"),
-                       "Option" => Some("local_"),
-
-                       "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes { data: "),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes { data: "),
-                       "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes { data: "),
-                       "[u8; 3]" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-
-                       "[u8]" if is_ref => Some("local_"),
-                       "[usize]" if is_ref => Some("local_"),
-
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "String" => Some(""),
-
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(""),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey::from_rust(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature::from_rust(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if is_ref  => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey::from_rust("),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error::from_rust("),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction::from_vec(local_"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::c_types::bitcoin_to_C_outpoint("),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TxOut::from_rust("),
-                       "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some("crate::bitcoin::network::Network::from_bitcoin("),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref => Some("&local_"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(&local_"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-
-                       // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "util::logger::Record" => Some("local_"),
-
-                       _ => None,
-               }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
-       }
-       fn to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_from_path(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool, _ptr_for_ref: bool) -> Option<String> {
-               if self.is_primitive(full_path) {
-                       return Some("".to_owned());
-               }
-               match full_path {
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => Some(".into()"),
-                       "Option" => Some(""),
-
-                       "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
-                       "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
-                       "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
-                       "[u8; 3]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-
-                       "[u8]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(""),
-
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some(".into()"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some(".into_bytes().into()"),
-                       "String" if is_ref => Some(".as_str().into()"),
-
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(".as_secs()"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some(".as_ref()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("[..])"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(".into_bytes().into()"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some(")"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some(".into_inner() }"),
-
-                       // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(".as_inner()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref => Some(".as_inner()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some(".into_inner() }"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some(".as_ref().clone() }"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some(".0 }"),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "util::logger::Record" => Some(".as_ptr()"),
-
-                       _ => None,
-               }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
-       }
-
-       fn empty_val_check_suffix_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> Option<&str> {
-               match full_path {
-                       "ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data == [0; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(".is_null()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".is_null()"),
-                       _ => None
-               }
-       }
-
-       // ****************************
-       // *** Container Processing ***
-       // ****************************
-
-       /// Returns the module path in the generated mapping crate to the containers which we generate
-       /// when writing to CrateTypes::template_file.
-       pub fn generated_container_path() -> &'static str {
-               "crate::c_types::derived"
-       }
-       /// Returns the module path in the generated mapping crate to the container templates, which
-       /// are then concretized and put in the generated container path/template_file.
-       fn container_templ_path() -> &'static str {
-               "crate::c_types"
-       }
-
-       /// Returns true if this is a "transparent" container, ie an Option or a container which does
-       /// not require a generated continer class.
-       fn is_transparent_container(&self, full_path: &str, _is_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               full_path == "Option"
-       }
-       /// Returns true if this is a known, supported, non-transparent container.
-       fn is_known_container(&self, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               (full_path == "Result" && !is_ref) || (full_path == "Vec" && !is_ref) || full_path.ends_with("Tuple")
-       }
-       fn to_c_conversion_container_new_var<'b>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool, single_contained: Option<&syn::Type>, var_name: &syn::Ident, var_access: &str)
-                       // Returns prefix + Vec<(prefix, var-name-to-inline-convert)> + suffix
-                       // expecting one element in the vec per generic type, each of which is inline-converted
-                       -> Option<(&'b str, Vec<(String, String)>, &'b str)> {
-               match full_path {
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => {
-                               Some(("match ",
-                                               vec![(" { Ok(mut o) => crate::c_types::CResultTempl::ok(".to_string(), "o".to_string()),
-                                                       (").into(), Err(mut e) => crate::c_types::CResultTempl::err(".to_string(), "e".to_string())],
-                                               ").into() }"))
-                       },
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".drain(..) {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }"))
-                       },
-                       "Slice" => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "**item".to_string())], "); }"))
-                       },
-                       "Option" => {
-                               if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
-                                       if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics)) {
-                                               if is_ref {
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null() } else { ".to_owned(), format!("({}.as_ref().unwrap())", var_access))
-                                                               ], " }"));
-                                               } else {
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null_mut() } else { ".to_owned(), format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
-                                                               ], " }"));
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               if let Some(t) = single_contained {
-                                       let mut v = Vec::new();
-                                       self.write_empty_rust_val(generics, &mut v, t);
-                                       let s = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
-                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                               (format!(".is_none() {{ {} }} else {{ ", s), format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
-                                               ], " }"));
-                               } else { unreachable!(); }
-                       },
-                       _ => None,
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// only_contained_has_inner implies that there is only one contained element in the container
-       /// and it has an inner field (ie is an "opaque" type we've defined).
-       fn from_c_conversion_container_new_var<'b>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, full_path: &str, is_ref: bool, single_contained: Option<&syn::Type>, var_name: &syn::Ident, var_access: &str)
-                       // Returns prefix + Vec<(prefix, var-name-to-inline-convert)> + suffix
-                       // expecting one element in the vec per generic type, each of which is inline-converted
-                       -> Option<(&'b str, Vec<(String, String)>, &'b str)> {
-               match full_path {
-                       "Result" if !is_ref => {
-                               Some(("match ",
-                                               vec![(".result_ok { true => Ok(".to_string(), format!("(*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(<*mut _>::take_ptr(&mut {}.contents.result)) }})", var_access)),
-                                                    ("), false => Err(".to_string(), format!("(*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(<*mut _>::take_ptr(&mut {}.contents.err)) }})", var_access))],
-                                               ")}"))
-                       },
-                       "Vec"|"Slice" if !is_ref => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".into_rust().drain(..) {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }"))
-                       },
-                       "Slice" if is_ref => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".as_slice().iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }"))
-                       },
-                       "Option" => {
-                               if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
-                                       if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics)) {
-                                               if is_ref {
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![(".inner.is_null() { None } else { Some((*".to_string(), format!("{}", var_access))], ").clone()) }"))
-                                               } else {
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![(".inner.is_null() { None } else { Some(".to_string(), format!("{}", var_access))], ") }"));
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               if let Some(t) = single_contained {
-                                       let mut v = Vec::new();
-                                       let ret_ref = self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, &mut v, t);
-                                       let s = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
-                                       match ret_ref {
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::ReferenceAsPointer =>
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (format!("{} {{ None }} else {{ Some(", s), format!("unsafe {{ &mut *{} }}", var_access))
-                                                       ], ") }")),
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::OwnedPointer =>
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (format!("{} {{ None }} else {{ Some(", s), format!("unsafe {{ *Box::from_raw({}) }}", var_access))
-                                                       ], ") }")),
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::NonPointer =>
-                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (format!("{} {{ None }} else {{ Some(", s), format!("{}", var_access))
-                                                       ], ") }")),
-                                       }
-                               } else { unreachable!(); }
-                       },
-                       _ => None,
-               }
-       }
-
-       // *************************************************
-       // *** Type definition during main.rs processing ***
-       // *************************************************
-
-       pub fn get_declared_type(&'a self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&'a DeclType<'c>> {
-               self.types.get_declared_type(ident)
-       }
-       /// Returns true if the object at the given path is mapped as X { inner: *mut origX, .. }.
-       pub fn c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool{
-               self.crate_types.opaques.get(full_path).is_some()
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               self.types.maybe_resolve_ident(id)
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               self.types.maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(id)
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_path(&self, p_arg: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
-               self.types.maybe_resolve_path(p_arg, generics)
-       }
-       pub fn resolve_path(&self, p: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> String {
-               self.maybe_resolve_path(p, generics).unwrap()
-       }
-
-       // ***********************************
-       // *** Original Rust Type Printing ***
-       // ***********************************
-
-       fn in_rust_prelude(resolved_path: &str) -> bool {
-               match resolved_path {
-                       "Vec" => true,
-                       "Result" => true,
-                       "Option" => true,
-                       _ => false,
-               }
-       }
-
-       fn write_rust_path<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, path: &syn::Path) {
-               if let Some(resolved) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, generics_resolver) {
-                       if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
-                               write!(w, "{}", path.get_ident().unwrap()).unwrap();
-                       } else {
-                               // TODO: We should have a generic "is from a dependency" check here instead of
-                               // checking for "bitcoin" explicitly.
-                               if resolved.starts_with("bitcoin::") || Self::in_rust_prelude(&resolved) {
-                                       write!(w, "{}", resolved).unwrap();
-                               // If we're printing a generic argument, it needs to reference the crate, otherwise
-                               // the original crate:
-                               } else if self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, None).as_ref() == Some(&resolved) {
-                                       write!(w, "{}::{}", self.orig_crate, resolved).unwrap();
-                               } else {
-                                       write!(w, "crate::{}", resolved).unwrap();
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &path.segments.iter().last().unwrap().arguments {
-                               self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter());
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       if path.leading_colon.is_some() {
-                               write!(w, "::").unwrap();
-                       }
-                       for (idx, seg) in path.segments.iter().enumerate() {
-                               if idx != 0 { write!(w, "::").unwrap(); }
-                               write!(w, "{}", seg.ident).unwrap();
-                               if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &seg.arguments {
-                                       self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter());
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       pub fn write_rust_generic_param<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, generics: impl Iterator<Item=&'b syn::GenericParam>) {
-               let mut had_params = false;
-               for (idx, arg) in generics.enumerate() {
-                       if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); } else { write!(w, "<").unwrap(); }
-                       had_params = true;
-                       match arg {
-                               syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(lt) => write!(w, "'{}", lt.lifetime.ident).unwrap(),
-                               syn::GenericParam::Type(t) => {
-                                       write!(w, "{}", t.ident).unwrap();
-                                       if t.colon_token.is_some() { write!(w, ":").unwrap(); }
-                                       for (idx, bound) in t.bounds.iter().enumerate() {
-                                               if idx != 0 { write!(w, " + ").unwrap(); }
-                                               match bound {
-                                                       syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(tb) => {
-                                                               if tb.paren_token.is_some() || tb.lifetimes.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics_resolver, &tb.path);
-                                                       },
-                                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       if t.eq_token.is_some() || t.default.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                               },
-                               _ => unimplemented!(),
-                       }
-               }
-               if had_params { write!(w, ">").unwrap(); }
-       }
-
-       pub fn write_rust_generic_arg<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, generics: impl Iterator<Item=&'b syn::GenericArgument>) {
-               write!(w, "<").unwrap();
-               for (idx, arg) in generics.enumerate() {
-                       if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                       match arg {
-                               syn::GenericArgument::Type(t) => self.write_rust_type(w, generics_resolver, t),
-                               _ => unimplemented!(),
-                       }
-               }
-               write!(w, ">").unwrap();
-       }
-       pub fn write_rust_type<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, t: &syn::Type) {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() {
-                                       unimplemented!();
-                               }
-                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics, &p.path);
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               write!(w, "&").unwrap();
-                               if let Some(lft) = &r.lifetime {
-                                       write!(w, "'{} ", lft.ident).unwrap();
-                               }
-                               if r.mutability.is_some() {
-                                       write!(w, "mut ").unwrap();
-                               }
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &*r.elem);
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               write!(w, "[").unwrap();
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &a.elem);
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               write!(w, "; {}]", i).unwrap();
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       }
-                       syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
-                               write!(w, "[").unwrap();
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &s.elem);
-                               write!(w, "]").unwrap();
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Tuple(s) => {
-                               write!(w, "(").unwrap();
-                               for (idx, t) in s.elems.iter().enumerate() {
-                                       if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                                       self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &t);
-                               }
-                               write!(w, ")").unwrap();
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// Prints a constructor for something which is "uninitialized" (but obviously not actually
-       /// unint'd memory).
-       pub fn write_empty_rust_val<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type) {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                               if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() {
-                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: std::ptr::null_mut(), is_owned: true }}", resolved).unwrap();
-                               } else {
-                                       // Assume its a manually-mapped C type, where we can just define an null() fn
-                                       write!(w, "{}::null()", self.c_type_from_path(&resolved, false, false).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                               }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               if i.base10_digits().parse::<usize>().unwrap() < 32 {
-                                                       // Blindly assume that if we're trying to create an empty value for an
-                                                       // array < 32 entries that all-0s may be a valid state.
-                                                       unimplemented!();
-                                               }
-                                               let arrty = format!("[u8; {}]", i.base10_digits());
-                                               write!(w, "{}", self.to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_from_path(&arrty, false, false).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                                               write!(w, "[0; {}]", i.base10_digits()).unwrap();
-                                               write!(w, "{}", self.to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_from_path(&arrty, false, false).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       }
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// Prints a suffix to determine if a variable is empty (ie was set by write_empty_rust_val).
-       /// See EmptyValExpectedTy for information on return types.
-       fn write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type) -> EmptyValExpectedTy {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                               if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() {
-                                       write!(w, ".inner.is_null()").unwrap();
-                                       EmptyValExpectedTy::NonPointer
-                               } else {
-                                       if let Some(suffix) = self.empty_val_check_suffix_from_path(&resolved) {
-                                               write!(w, "{}", suffix).unwrap();
-                                               // We may eventually need to allow empty_val_check_suffix_from_path to specify if we need a deref or not
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::NonPointer
-                                       } else {
-                                               write!(w, " == std::ptr::null_mut()").unwrap();
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::OwnedPointer
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               write!(w, " == [0; {}]", i.base10_digits()).unwrap();
-                                               EmptyValExpectedTy::NonPointer
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Slice(_) => {
-                               // Option<[]> always implies that we want to treat len() == 0 differently from
-                               // None, so we always map an Option<[]> into a pointer.
-                               write!(w, " == std::ptr::null_mut()").unwrap();
-                               EmptyValExpectedTy::ReferenceAsPointer
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       /// Prints a suffix to determine if a variable is empty (ie was set by write_empty_rust_val).
-       pub fn write_empty_rust_val_check<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, var_access: &str) {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(_) => {
-                               write!(w, "{}", var_access).unwrap();
-                               self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, w, t);
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               let arrty = format!("[u8; {}]", i.base10_digits());
-                                               // We don't (yet) support a new-var conversion here.
-                                               assert!(self.from_c_conversion_new_var_from_path(&arrty, false).is_none());
-                                               write!(w, "{}{}{}",
-                                                       self.from_c_conversion_prefix_from_path(&arrty, false).unwrap(),
-                                                       var_access,
-                                                       self.from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path(&arrty, false).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                                               self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, w, t);
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       }
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       // ********************************
-       // *** Type conversion printing ***
-       // ********************************
-
-       /// Returns true we if can just skip passing this to C entirely
-       pub fn skip_arg(&self, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                               if let Some(full_path) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, generics) {
-                                       self.skip_path(&full_path)
-                               } else { false }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               self.skip_arg(&*r.elem, generics)
-                       },
-                       _ => false,
-               }
-       }
-       pub fn no_arg_to_rust<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                               if let Some(full_path) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, generics) {
-                                       write!(w, "{}", self.no_arg_path_to_rust(&full_path)).unwrap();
-                               }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               self.no_arg_to_rust(w, &*r.elem, generics);
-                       },
-                       _ => {},
-               }
-       }
-
-       fn write_conversion_inline_intern<W: std::io::Write,
-                       LP: Fn(&str, bool, bool) -> Option<String>, DL: Fn(&mut W, &DeclType, &str, bool, bool), SC: Fn(bool) -> &'static str>
-                       (&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool,
-                        tupleconv: &str, prefix: bool, sliceconv: SC, path_lookup: LP, decl_lookup: DL) {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, &*r.elem, generics, true, r.mutability.is_some(),
-                                       ptr_for_ref, tupleconv, prefix, sliceconv, path_lookup, decl_lookup);
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() {
-                                       unimplemented!();
-                               }
-
-                               let resolved_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                               if let Some(aliased_type) = self.crate_types.type_aliases.get(&resolved_path) {
-                                       return self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, aliased_type, None, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, tupleconv, prefix, sliceconv, path_lookup, decl_lookup);
-                               } else if let Some(c_type) = path_lookup(&resolved_path, is_ref, ptr_for_ref) {
-                                       write!(w, "{}", c_type).unwrap();
-                               } else if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved_path).is_some() {
-                                       decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::StructImported, &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
-                               } else if self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&resolved_path).is_some() {
-                                       decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::MirroredEnum, &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
-                               } else if let Some(t) = self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved_path) {
-                                       decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::Trait(t), &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
-                               } else if let Some(ident) = single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&p.path) {
-                                       if let Some(decl_type) = self.types.maybe_resolve_declared(ident) {
-                                               decl_lookup(w, decl_type, &self.maybe_resolve_ident(ident).unwrap(), is_ref, is_mut);
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               // We assume all arrays contain only [int_literal; X]s.
-                               // This may result in some outputs not compiling.
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               write!(w, "{}", path_lookup(&format!("[u8; {}]", i.base10_digits()), is_ref, ptr_for_ref).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
-                               // We assume all slices contain only literals or references.
-                               // This may result in some outputs not compiling.
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       assert!(self.is_primitive(&resolved));
-                                       write!(w, "{}", path_lookup("[u8]", is_ref, ptr_for_ref).unwrap()).unwrap();
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Reference(r) = &*s.elem {
-                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
-                                               write!(w, "{}", sliceconv(self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics)))).unwrap();
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Tuple(t) = &*s.elem {
-                                       assert!(!t.elems.is_empty());
-                                       if prefix {
-                                               write!(w, "&local_").unwrap();
-                                       } else {
-                                               let mut needs_map = false;
-                                               for e in t.elems.iter() {
-                                                       if let syn::Type::Reference(_) = e {
-                                                               needs_map = true;
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                               if needs_map {
-                                                       write!(w, ".iter().map(|(").unwrap();
-                                                       for i in 0..t.elems.len() {
-                                                               write!(w, "{}{}", if i != 0 { ", " } else { "" }, ('a' as u8 + i as u8) as char).unwrap();
-                                                       }
-                                                       write!(w, ")| (").unwrap();
-                                                       for (idx, e) in t.elems.iter().enumerate() {
-                                                               if let syn::Type::Reference(_) = e {
-                                                                       write!(w, "{}{}", if idx != 0 { ", " } else { "" }, (idx as u8 + 'a' as u8) as char).unwrap();
-                                                               } else if let syn::Type::Path(_) = e {
-                                                                       write!(w, "{}*{}", if idx != 0 { ", " } else { "" }, (idx as u8 + 'a' as u8) as char).unwrap();
-                                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                       }
-                                                       write!(w, ")).collect::<Vec<_>>()[..]").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
-                               if t.elems.is_empty() {
-                                       // cbindgen has poor support for (), see, eg https://github.com/eqrion/cbindgen/issues/527
-                                       // so work around it by just pretending its a 0u8
-                                       write!(w, "{}", tupleconv).unwrap();
-                               } else {
-                                       if prefix { write!(w, "local_").unwrap(); }
-                               }
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, from_ptr: bool) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, ptr_for_ref, "0u8 /*", true, |_| "local_",
-                               |a, b, c| self.to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_from_path(a, b, c),
-                               |w, decl_type, decl_path, is_ref, _is_mut| {
-                                       match decl_type {
-                                               DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, "crate::{}::from_native(&", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, "&crate::{}::from_native(&", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, "crate::{}::native_into(", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ (", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref =>
-                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ ( (&(", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref =>
-                                                       write!(w, "&crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ (", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: ", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref =>
-                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: Box::into_raw(Box::new(", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::Trait(_) if is_ref => write!(w, "&").unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::Trait(_) if !is_ref => {},
-                                               _ => panic!("{:?}", decl_path),
-                                       }
-                               });
-       }
-       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               self.write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_inner(w, t, generics, false, ptr_for_ref, false);
-       }
-       fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, from_ptr: bool) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, ptr_for_ref, "*/", false, |_| ".into()",
-                               |a, b, c| self.to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_from_path(a, b, c),
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, ")").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                               write!(w, " as *const _) as *mut _ }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref =>
-                                               write!(w, ") as *const _) as *mut _) }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref =>
-                                               write!(w, " as *const _) as *mut _ }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                               write!(w, ", is_owned: true }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, ")), is_owned: true }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::Trait(_) if is_ref => {},
-                                       DeclType::Trait(_) => {
-                                               // This is used when we're converting a concrete Rust type into a C trait
-                                               // for use when a Rust trait method returns an associated type.
-                                               // Because all of our C traits implement From<RustTypesImplementingTraits>
-                                               // we can just call .into() here and be done.
-                                               write!(w, ".into()").unwrap()
-                                       },
-                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                               });
-       }
-       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               self.write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_inner(w, t, generics, false, ptr_for_ref, false);
-       }
-
-       fn write_from_c_conversion_prefix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, false, "() /*", true, |_| "&local_",
-                               |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_prefix_from_path(a, b),
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, "unsafe {{ &*(*").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_mut && is_ref => write!(w, "unsafe {{ &mut *").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref => write!(w, "unsafe {{ &*").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, "*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, "&").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::MirroredEnum => {},
-                                       DeclType::Trait(_) => {},
-                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                               });
-       }
-       pub fn write_from_c_conversion_prefix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) {
-               self.write_from_c_conversion_prefix_inner(w, t, generics, false, false);
-       }
-       fn write_from_c_conversion_suffix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, false, "*/", false,
-                               |has_inner| match has_inner {
-                                       false => ".iter().collect::<Vec<_>>()[..]",
-                                       true => "[..]",
-                               },
-                               |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path(a, b),
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, ").inner }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref => write!(w, ".inner }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, ".take_inner()) }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, ".to_native()").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, ".into_native()").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::Trait(_) => {},
-                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                               });
-       }
-       pub fn write_from_c_conversion_suffix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) {
-               self.write_from_c_conversion_suffix_inner(w, t, generics, false, false);
-       }
-       // Note that compared to the above conversion functions, the following two are generally
-       // significantly undertested:
-       pub fn write_from_c_conversion_to_ref_prefix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false, "() /*", true, |_| "&local_",
-                               |a, b, _c| {
-                                       if let Some(conv) = self.from_c_conversion_prefix_from_path(a, b) {
-                                               Some(format!("&{}", conv))
-                                       } else { None }
-                               },
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, "unsafe {{ &*").unwrap(),
-                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                               });
-       }
-       pub fn write_from_c_conversion_to_ref_suffix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false, "*/", false,
-                               |has_inner| match has_inner {
-                                       false => ".iter().collect::<Vec<_>>()[..]",
-                                       true => "[..]",
-                               },
-                               |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path(a, b),
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, ".inner }}").unwrap(),
-                                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-                               });
-       }
-
-       fn write_conversion_new_var_intern<'b, W: std::io::Write,
-               LP: Fn(&str, bool) -> Option<(&str, &str)>,
-               LC: Fn(&str, bool, Option<&syn::Type>, &syn::Ident, &str) ->  Option<(&'b str, Vec<(String, String)>, &'b str)>,
-               VP: Fn(&mut W, &syn::Type, Option<&GenericTypes>, bool, bool, bool),
-               VS: Fn(&mut W, &syn::Type, Option<&GenericTypes>, bool, bool, bool)>
-                       (&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, var: &str, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>,
-                        mut is_ref: bool, mut ptr_for_ref: bool, to_c: bool,
-                        path_lookup: &LP, container_lookup: &LC, var_prefix: &VP, var_suffix: &VS) -> bool {
-
-               macro_rules! convert_container {
-                       ($container_type: expr, $args_len: expr, $args_iter: expr) => { {
-                               // For slices (and Options), we refuse to directly map them as is_ref when they
-                               // aren't opaque types containing an inner pointer. This is due to the fact that,
-                               // in both cases, the actual higher-level type is non-is_ref.
-                               let ty_has_inner = if self.is_transparent_container(&$container_type, is_ref) || $container_type == "Slice" {
-                                       let ty = $args_iter().next().unwrap();
-                                       if $container_type == "Slice" && to_c {
-                                               // "To C ptr_for_ref" means "return the regular object with is_owned
-                                               // set to false", which is totally what we want in a slice if we're about to
-                                               // set ty_has_inner.
-                                               ptr_for_ref = true;
-                                       }
-                                       if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = ty {
-                                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*t.elem {
-                                                       self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                               } else { false }
-                                       } else if let syn::Type::Path(p) = ty {
-                                               self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else { true };
-
-                               // Options get a bunch of special handling, since in general we map Option<>al
-                               // types into the same C type as non-Option-wrapped types. This ends up being
-                               // pretty manual here and most of the below special-cases are for Options.
-                               let mut needs_ref_map = false;
-                               let mut only_contained_type = None;
-                               let mut only_contained_has_inner = false;
-                               let mut contains_slice = false;
-                               if $args_len == 1 && self.is_transparent_container(&$container_type, is_ref) {
-                                       only_contained_has_inner = ty_has_inner;
-                                       let arg = $args_iter().next().unwrap();
-                                       if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = arg {
-                                               only_contained_type = Some(&*t.elem);
-                                               if let syn::Type::Path(_) = &*t.elem {
-                                                       is_ref = true;
-                                               } else if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*t.elem {
-                                                       contains_slice = true;
-                                               } else { return false; }
-                                               needs_ref_map = true;
-                                       } else if let syn::Type::Path(_) = arg {
-                                               only_contained_type = Some(&arg);
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               }
-
-                               if let Some((prefix, conversions, suffix)) = container_lookup(&$container_type, is_ref && ty_has_inner, only_contained_type, ident, var) {
-                                       assert_eq!(conversions.len(), $args_len);
-                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{}{} = ", ident, if !to_c && needs_ref_map {"_base"} else { "" }).unwrap();
-                                       if only_contained_has_inner && to_c {
-                                               var_prefix(w, $args_iter().next().unwrap(), generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, true);
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, "{}{}", prefix, var).unwrap();
-
-                                       for ((pfx, var_name), (idx, ty)) in conversions.iter().zip($args_iter().enumerate()) {
-                                               let mut var = std::io::Cursor::new(Vec::new());
-                                               write!(&mut var, "{}", var_name).unwrap();
-                                               let var_access = String::from_utf8(var.into_inner()).unwrap();
-
-                                               let conv_ty = if needs_ref_map { only_contained_type.as_ref().unwrap() } else { ty };
-
-                                               write!(w, "{} {{ ", pfx).unwrap();
-                                               let new_var_name = format!("{}_{}", ident, idx);
-                                               let new_var = self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, &syn::Ident::new(&new_var_name, Span::call_site()),
-                                                               &var_access, conv_ty, generics, contains_slice || (is_ref && ty_has_inner), ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
-                                               if new_var { write!(w, " ").unwrap(); }
-                                               if (!only_contained_has_inner || !to_c) && !contains_slice {
-                                                       var_prefix(w, conv_ty, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
-                                               }
-
-                                               if !is_ref && !needs_ref_map && to_c && only_contained_has_inner {
-                                                       write!(w, "Box::into_raw(Box::new(").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                               write!(w, "{}{}", if contains_slice { "local_" } else { "" }, if new_var { new_var_name } else { var_access }).unwrap();
-                                               if (!only_contained_has_inner || !to_c) && !contains_slice {
-                                                       var_suffix(w, conv_ty, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
-                                               }
-                                               if !is_ref && !needs_ref_map && to_c && only_contained_has_inner {
-                                                       write!(w, "))").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                               write!(w, " }}").unwrap();
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, "{}", suffix).unwrap();
-                                       if only_contained_has_inner && to_c {
-                                               var_suffix(w, $args_iter().next().unwrap(), generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, true);
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, ";").unwrap();
-                                       if !to_c && needs_ref_map {
-                                               write!(w, " let mut local_{} = local_{}_base.as_ref()", ident, ident).unwrap();
-                                               if contains_slice {
-                                                       write!(w, ".map(|a| &a[..])").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                               write!(w, ";").unwrap();
-                                       }
-                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       } }
-               }
-
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*r.elem {
-                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
-                               } else {
-                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, true, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
-                               }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() {
-                                       unimplemented!();
-                               }
-                               let resolved_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                               if let Some(aliased_type) = self.crate_types.type_aliases.get(&resolved_path) {
-                                       return self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, aliased_type, None, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
-                               }
-                               if self.is_known_container(&resolved_path, is_ref) || self.is_transparent_container(&resolved_path, is_ref) {
-                                       if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &p.path.segments.iter().next().unwrap().arguments {
-                                               convert_container!(resolved_path, args.args.len(), || args.args.iter().map(|arg| {
-                                                       if let syn::GenericArgument::Type(ty) = arg {
-                                                               ty
-                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                               }));
-                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                               }
-                               if self.is_primitive(&resolved_path) {
-                                       false
-                               } else if let Some(ty_ident) = single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&p.path) {
-                                       if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = path_lookup(&resolved_path, is_ref) {
-                                               write!(w, "let mut local_{} = {}{}{};", ident, prefix, var, suffix).unwrap();
-                                               true
-                                       } else if self.types.maybe_resolve_declared(ty_ident).is_some() {
-                                               false
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else { false }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(_) => {
-                               // We assume all arrays contain only primitive types.
-                               // This may result in some outputs not compiling.
-                               false
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       assert!(self.is_primitive(&resolved));
-                                       let slice_path = format!("[{}]", resolved);
-                                       if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = path_lookup(&slice_path, true) {
-                                               write!(w, "let mut local_{} = {}{}{};", ident, prefix, var, suffix).unwrap();
-                                               true
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Reference(ty) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let tyref = [&*ty.elem];
-                                       is_ref = true;
-                                       convert_container!("Slice", 1, || tyref.iter());
-                                       unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Tuple(t) = &*s.elem {
-                                       // When mapping into a temporary new var, we need to own all the underlying objects.
-                                       // Thus, we drop any references inside the tuple and convert with non-reference types.
-                                       let mut elems = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                       for elem in t.elems.iter() {
-                                               if let syn::Type::Reference(r) = elem {
-                                                       elems.push((*r.elem).clone());
-                                               } else {
-                                                       elems.push(elem.clone());
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       let ty = [syn::Type::Tuple(syn::TypeTuple {
-                                               paren_token: t.paren_token, elems
-                                       })];
-                                       is_ref = false;
-                                       ptr_for_ref = true;
-                                       convert_container!("Slice", 1, || ty.iter());
-                                       unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
-                               } else { unimplemented!() }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
-                               if !t.elems.is_empty() {
-                                       // We don't (yet) support tuple elements which cannot be converted inline
-                                       write!(w, "let (").unwrap();
-                                       for idx in 0..t.elems.len() {
-                                               if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                                               write!(w, "{} orig_{}_{}", if is_ref { "ref" } else { "mut" }, ident, idx).unwrap();
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, ") = {}{}; ", var, if !to_c { ".to_rust()" } else { "" }).unwrap();
-                                       // Like other template types, tuples are always mapped as their non-ref
-                                       // versions for types which have different ref mappings. Thus, we convert to
-                                       // non-ref versions and handle opaque types with inner pointers manually.
-                                       for (idx, elem) in t.elems.iter().enumerate() {
-                                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = elem {
-                                                       let v_name = format!("orig_{}_{}", ident, idx);
-                                                       let tuple_elem_ident = syn::Ident::new(&v_name, Span::call_site());
-                                                       if self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, &tuple_elem_ident, &v_name, elem, generics,
-                                                                       false, ptr_for_ref, to_c,
-                                                                       path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix) {
-                                                               write!(w, " ").unwrap();
-                                                               // Opaque types with inner pointers shouldn't ever create new stack
-                                                               // variables, so we don't handle it and just assert that it doesn't
-                                                               // here.
-                                                               assert!(!self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics)));
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{} = (", ident).unwrap();
-                                       for (idx, elem) in t.elems.iter().enumerate() {
-                                               let ty_has_inner = {
-                                                               if to_c {
-                                                                       // "To C ptr_for_ref" means "return the regular object with
-                                                                       // is_owned set to false", which is totally what we want
-                                                                       // if we're about to set ty_has_inner.
-                                                                       ptr_for_ref = true;
-                                                               }
-                                                               if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = elem {
-                                                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*t.elem {
-                                                                               self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                                                       } else { false }
-                                                               } else if let syn::Type::Path(p) = elem {
-                                                                       self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                                               } else { false }
-                                                       };
-                                               if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                                               var_prefix(w, elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
-                                               if is_ref && ty_has_inner {
-                                                       // For ty_has_inner, the regular var_prefix mapping will take a
-                                                       // reference, so deref once here to make sure we keep the original ref.
-                                                       write!(w, "*").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                               write!(w, "orig_{}_{}", ident, idx).unwrap();
-                                               if is_ref && !ty_has_inner {
-                                                       // If we don't have an inner variable's reference to maintain, just
-                                                       // hope the type is Clonable and use that.
-                                                       write!(w, ".clone()").unwrap();
-                                               }
-                                               var_suffix(w, elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, "){};", if to_c { ".into()" } else { "" }).unwrap();
-                                       true
-                               } else { false }
-                       },
-                       _ => unimplemented!(),
-               }
-       }
-
-       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, var_access: &str, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var_access, t, generics, false, ptr_for_ref, true,
-                       &|a, b| self.to_c_conversion_new_var_from_path(a, b),
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e| self.to_c_conversion_container_new_var(generics, a, b, c, d, e),
-                       // We force ptr_for_ref here since we can't generate a ref on one line and use it later
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e, f| self.write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_inner(a, b, c, d, e, f),
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e, f| self.write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_inner(a, b, c, d, e, f))
-       }
-       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_new_var<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               self.write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, ptr_for_ref)
-       }
-       pub fn write_from_c_conversion_new_var<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
-               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, false, false, false,
-                       &|a, b| self.from_c_conversion_new_var_from_path(a, b),
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e| self.from_c_conversion_container_new_var(generics, a, b, c, d, e),
-                       // We force ptr_for_ref here since we can't generate a ref on one line and use it later
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e, _f| self.write_from_c_conversion_prefix_inner(a, b, c, d, e),
-                       &|a, b, c, d, e, _f| self.write_from_c_conversion_suffix_inner(a, b, c, d, e))
-       }
-
-       // ******************************************************
-       // *** C Container Type Equivalent and alias Printing ***
-       // ******************************************************
-
-       fn write_template_generics<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&mut self, w: &mut W, args: &mut dyn Iterator<Item=&'b syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               assert!(!is_ref); // We don't currently support outer reference types
-               for (idx, t) in args.enumerate() {
-                       if idx != 0 {
-                               write!(w, ", ").unwrap();
-                       }
-                       if let syn::Type::Reference(r_arg) = t {
-                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r_arg.elem, generics, false, false, false) { return false; }
-
-                               // While write_c_type_intern, above is correct, we don't want to blindly convert a
-                               // reference to something stupid, so check that the container is either opaque or a
-                               // predefined type (currently only Transaction).
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = &*r_arg.elem {
-                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p_arg.path, generics);
-                                       assert!(self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() ||
-                                                       self.c_type_from_path(&resolved, true, true).is_some(), "Template generics should be opaque or have a predefined mapping");
-                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                       } else {
-                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false) { return false; }
-                       }
-               }
-               true
-       }
-       fn check_create_container(&mut self, mangled_container: String, container_type: &str, args: Vec<&syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               if !self.crate_types.templates_defined.get(&mangled_container).is_some() {
-                       let mut created_container: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-
-                       if container_type == "Result" {
-                               let mut a_ty: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-                               if let syn::Type::Tuple(tup) = args.iter().next().unwrap() {
-                                       if tup.elems.is_empty() {
-                                               write!(&mut a_ty, "()").unwrap();
-                                       } else {
-                                               if !self.write_template_generics(&mut a_ty, &mut args.iter().map(|t| *t).take(1), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                                       }
-                               } else {
-                                       if !self.write_template_generics(&mut a_ty, &mut args.iter().map(|t| *t).take(1), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                               }
-
-                               let mut b_ty: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-                               if let syn::Type::Tuple(tup) = args.iter().skip(1).next().unwrap() {
-                                       if tup.elems.is_empty() {
-                                               write!(&mut b_ty, "()").unwrap();
-                                       } else {
-                                               if !self.write_template_generics(&mut b_ty, &mut args.iter().map(|t| *t).skip(1), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                                       }
-                               } else {
-                                       if !self.write_template_generics(&mut b_ty, &mut args.iter().map(|t| *t).skip(1), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                               }
-
-                               let ok_str = String::from_utf8(a_ty).unwrap();
-                               let err_str = String::from_utf8(b_ty).unwrap();
-                               let is_clonable = self.is_clonable(&ok_str) && self.is_clonable(&err_str);
-                               write_result_block(&mut created_container, &mangled_container, &ok_str, &err_str, is_clonable);
-                               if is_clonable {
-                                       self.crate_types.clonable_types.insert(Self::generated_container_path().to_owned() + "::" + &mangled_container);
-                               }
-                       } else if container_type == "Vec" {
-                               let mut a_ty: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-                               if !self.write_template_generics(&mut a_ty, &mut args.iter().map(|t| *t), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                               let ty = String::from_utf8(a_ty).unwrap();
-                               let is_clonable = self.is_clonable(&ty);
-                               write_vec_block(&mut created_container, &mangled_container, &ty, is_clonable);
-                               if is_clonable {
-                                       self.crate_types.clonable_types.insert(Self::generated_container_path().to_owned() + "::" + &mangled_container);
-                               }
-                       } else if container_type.ends_with("Tuple") {
-                               let mut tuple_args = Vec::new();
-                               let mut is_clonable = true;
-                               for arg in args.iter() {
-                                       let mut ty: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-                                       if !self.write_template_generics(&mut ty, &mut [arg].iter().map(|t| **t), generics, is_ref) { return false; }
-                                       let ty_str = String::from_utf8(ty).unwrap();
-                                       if !self.is_clonable(&ty_str) {
-                                               is_clonable = false;
-                                       }
-                                       tuple_args.push(ty_str);
-                               }
-                               write_tuple_block(&mut created_container, &mangled_container, &tuple_args, is_clonable);
-                               if is_clonable {
-                                       self.crate_types.clonable_types.insert(Self::generated_container_path().to_owned() + "::" + &mangled_container);
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               unreachable!();
-                       }
-                       self.crate_types.templates_defined.insert(mangled_container.clone(), true);
-
-                       self.crate_types.template_file.write(&created_container).unwrap();
-               }
-               true
-       }
-       fn path_to_generic_args(path: &syn::Path) -> Vec<&syn::Type> {
-               if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &path.segments.iter().next().unwrap().arguments {
-                       args.args.iter().map(|gen| if let syn::GenericArgument::Type(t) = gen { t } else { unimplemented!() }).collect()
-               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-       }
-       fn write_c_mangled_container_path_intern<W: std::io::Write>
-                       (&mut self, w: &mut W, args: Vec<&syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ident: &str, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, in_type: bool) -> bool {
-               let mut mangled_type: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-               if !self.is_transparent_container(ident, is_ref) {
-                       write!(w, "C{}_", ident).unwrap();
-                       write!(mangled_type, "C{}_", ident).unwrap();
-               } else { assert_eq!(args.len(), 1); }
-               for arg in args.iter() {
-                       macro_rules! write_path {
-                               ($p_arg: expr, $extra_write: expr) => {
-                                       if let Some(subtype) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&$p_arg.path, generics) {
-                                               if self.is_transparent_container(ident, is_ref) {
-                                                       // We dont (yet) support primitives or containers inside transparent
-                                                       // containers, so check for that first:
-                                                       if self.is_primitive(&subtype) { return false; }
-                                                       if self.is_known_container(&subtype, is_ref) { return false; }
-                                                       if !in_type {
-                                                               if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&subtype) {
-                                                                       if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
-                                                               } else {
-                                                                       // Option<T> needs to be converted to a *mut T, ie mut ptr-for-ref
-                                                                       if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, true, true, true) { return false; }
-                                                               }
-                                                       } else {
-                                                               write!(w, "{}", $p_arg.path.segments.last().unwrap().ident).unwrap();
-                                                       }
-                                               } else if self.is_known_container(&subtype, is_ref) || self.is_transparent_container(&subtype, is_ref) {
-                                                       if !self.write_c_mangled_container_path_intern(w, Self::path_to_generic_args(&$p_arg.path), generics,
-                                                                       &subtype, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, true) {
-                                                               return false;
-                                                       }
-                                                       self.write_c_mangled_container_path_intern(&mut mangled_type, Self::path_to_generic_args(&$p_arg.path),
-                                                               generics, &subtype, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, true);
-                                                       if let Some(w2) = $extra_write as Option<&mut Vec<u8>> {
-                                                               self.write_c_mangled_container_path_intern(w2, Self::path_to_generic_args(&$p_arg.path),
-                                                                       generics, &subtype, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, true);
-                                                       }
-                                               } else {
-                                                       let id = subtype.rsplitn(2, ':').next().unwrap(); // Get the "Base" name of the resolved type
-                                                       write!(w, "{}", id).unwrap();
-                                                       write!(mangled_type, "{}", id).unwrap();
-                                                       if let Some(w2) = $extra_write as Option<&mut Vec<u8>> {
-                                                               write!(w2, "{}", id).unwrap();
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                       } else { return false; }
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if let syn::Type::Tuple(tuple) = arg {
-                               if tuple.elems.len() == 0 {
-                                       write!(w, "None").unwrap();
-                                       write!(mangled_type, "None").unwrap();
-                               } else {
-                                       let mut mangled_tuple_type: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-
-                                       // Figure out what the mangled type should look like. To disambiguate
-                                       // ((A, B), C) and (A, B, C) we prefix the generic args with a _ and suffix
-                                       // them with a Z. Ideally we wouldn't use Z, but not many special chars are
-                                       // available for use in type names.
-                                       write!(w, "C{}Tuple_", tuple.elems.len()).unwrap();
-                                       write!(mangled_type, "C{}Tuple_", tuple.elems.len()).unwrap();
-                                       write!(mangled_tuple_type, "C{}Tuple_", tuple.elems.len()).unwrap();
-                                       for elem in tuple.elems.iter() {
-                                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = elem {
-                                                       write_path!(p, Some(&mut mangled_tuple_type));
-                                               } else if let syn::Type::Reference(refelem) = elem {
-                                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*refelem.elem {
-                                                               write_path!(p, Some(&mut mangled_tuple_type));
-                                                       } else { return false; }
-                                               } else { return false; }
-                                       }
-                                       write!(w, "Z").unwrap();
-                                       write!(mangled_type, "Z").unwrap();
-                                       write!(mangled_tuple_type, "Z").unwrap();
-                                       if !self.check_create_container(String::from_utf8(mangled_tuple_type).unwrap(),
-                                                       &format!("{}Tuple", tuple.elems.len()), tuple.elems.iter().collect(), generics, is_ref) {
-                                               return false;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       } else if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = arg {
-                               write_path!(p_arg, None);
-                       } else if let syn::Type::Reference(refty) = arg {
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = &*refty.elem {
-                                       write_path!(p_arg, None);
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*refty.elem {
-                                       // write_c_type will actually do exactly what we want here, we just need to
-                                       // make it a pointer so that its an option. Note that we cannot always convert
-                                       // the Vec-as-slice (ie non-ref types) containers, so sometimes need to be able
-                                       // to edit it, hence we use *mut here instead of *const.
-                                       if args.len() != 1 { return false; }
-                                       write!(w, "*mut ").unwrap();
-                                       self.write_c_type(w, arg, None, true);
-                               } else { return false; }
-                       } else if let syn::Type::Array(a) = arg {
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = &*a.elem {
-                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p_arg.path, generics);
-                                       if !self.is_primitive(&resolved) { return false; }
-                                       if let syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit { lit: syn::Lit::Int(len), .. }) = &a.len {
-                                               if self.c_type_from_path(&format!("[{}; {}]", resolved, len.base10_digits()), is_ref, ptr_for_ref).is_none() { return false; }
-                                               write!(w, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
-                                               write!(mangled_type, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
-                                       } else { return false; }
-                               } else { return false; }
-                       } else { return false; }
-               }
-               if self.is_transparent_container(ident, is_ref) { return true; }
-               // Push the "end of type" Z
-               write!(w, "Z").unwrap();
-               write!(mangled_type, "Z").unwrap();
-
-               // Make sure the type is actually defined:
-               self.check_create_container(String::from_utf8(mangled_type).unwrap(), ident, args, generics, is_ref)
-       }
-       fn write_c_mangled_container_path<W: std::io::Write>(&mut self, w: &mut W, args: Vec<&syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ident: &str, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               if !self.is_transparent_container(ident, is_ref) {
-                       write!(w, "{}::", Self::generated_container_path()).unwrap();
-               }
-               self.write_c_mangled_container_path_intern(w, args, generics, ident, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, false)
-       }
-
-       // **********************************
-       // *** C Type Equivalent Printing ***
-       // **********************************
-
-       fn write_c_path_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, path: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               let full_path = match self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, generics) {
-                       Some(path) => path, None => return false };
-               if let Some(c_type) = self.c_type_from_path(&full_path, is_ref, ptr_for_ref) {
-                       write!(w, "{}", c_type).unwrap();
-                       true
-               } else if self.crate_types.traits.get(&full_path).is_some() {
-                       if is_ref && ptr_for_ref {
-                               write!(w, "*{} crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut" } else { "const" }, full_path).unwrap();
-                       } else if is_ref {
-                               write!(w, "&{}crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut " } else { "" }, full_path).unwrap();
-                       } else {
-                               write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
-                       }
-                       true
-               } else if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&full_path).is_some() || self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&full_path).is_some() {
-                       if is_ref && ptr_for_ref {
-                               // ptr_for_ref implies we're returning the object, which we can't really do for
-                               // opaque or mirrored types without box'ing them, which is quite a waste, so return
-                               // the actual object itself (for opaque types we'll set the pointer to the actual
-                               // type and note that its a reference).
-                               write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
-                       } else if is_ref {
-                               write!(w, "&{}crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut " } else { "" }, full_path).unwrap();
-                       } else {
-                               write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
-                       }
-                       true
-               } else {
-                       false
-               }
-       }
-       fn write_c_type_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&mut self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               match t {
-                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-                               if p.qself.is_some() {
-                                       return false;
-                               }
-                               if let Some(full_path) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, generics) {
-                                       if self.is_known_container(&full_path, is_ref) || self.is_transparent_container(&full_path, is_ref) {
-                                               return self.write_c_mangled_container_path(w, Self::path_to_generic_args(&p.path), generics, &full_path, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref);
-                                       }
-                                       if let Some(aliased_type) = self.crate_types.type_aliases.get(&full_path).cloned() {
-                                               return self.write_c_type_intern(w, &aliased_type, None, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               self.write_c_path_intern(w, &p.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref)
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r.elem, generics, true, r.mutability.is_some(), ptr_for_ref)
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Array(a) => {
-                               if is_ref && is_mut {
-                                       write!(w, "*mut [").unwrap();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
-                               } else if is_ref {
-                                       write!(w, "*const [").unwrap();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
-                               } else {
-                                       let mut typecheck = Vec::new();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(&mut typecheck, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
-                                       if typecheck[..] != ['u' as u8, '8' as u8] { return false; }
-                               }
-                               if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
-                                       if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               if !is_ref {
-                                                       if let Some(ty) = self.c_type_from_path(&format!("[u8; {}]", i.base10_digits()), false, ptr_for_ref) {
-                                                               write!(w, "{}", ty).unwrap();
-                                                               true
-                                                       } else { false }
-                                               } else {
-                                                       write!(w, "; {}]", i).unwrap();
-                                                       true
-                                               }
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else { false }
-                       }
-                       syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
-                               if !is_ref || is_mut { return false; }
-                               if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
-                                               write!(w, "{}::{}slice", Self::container_templ_path(), resolved).unwrap();
-                                               true
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Reference(r) = &*s.elem {
-                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
-                                               // Slices with "real types" inside are mapped as the equivalent non-ref Vec
-                                               let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                               let mangled_container = if let Some(ident) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved) {
-                                                       format!("CVec_{}Z", ident)
-                                               } else if let Some(en) = self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&resolved) {
-                                                       format!("CVec_{}Z", en.ident)
-                                               } else if let Some(id) = p.path.get_ident() {
-                                                       format!("CVec_{}Z", id)
-                                               } else { return false; };
-                                               write!(w, "{}::{}", Self::generated_container_path(), mangled_container).unwrap();
-                                               self.check_create_container(mangled_container, "Vec", vec![&*r.elem], generics, false)
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else if let syn::Type::Tuple(_) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let mut args = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                       args.push(syn::GenericArgument::Type((*s.elem).clone()));
-                                       let mut segments = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                       segments.push(syn::PathSegment {
-                                               ident: syn::Ident::new("Vec", Span::call_site()),
-                                               arguments: syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(syn::AngleBracketedGenericArguments {
-                                                       colon2_token: None, lt_token: syn::Token![<](Span::call_site()), args, gt_token: syn::Token![>](Span::call_site()),
-                                               })
-                                       });
-                                       self.write_c_type_intern(w, &syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: syn::Path { leading_colon: None, segments } }), generics, false, is_mut, ptr_for_ref)
-                               } else { false }
-                       },
-                       syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
-                               if t.elems.len() == 0 {
-                                       true
-                               } else {
-                                       self.write_c_mangled_container_path(w, t.elems.iter().collect(), generics,
-                                               &format!("{}Tuple", t.elems.len()), is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref)
-                               }
-                       },
-                       _ => false,
-               }
-       }
-       pub fn write_c_type<W: std::io::Write>(&mut self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               assert!(self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref));
-       }
-       pub fn understood_c_path(&mut self, p: &syn::Path) -> bool {
-               if p.leading_colon.is_some() { return false; }
-               self.write_c_path_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), p, None, false, false, false)
-       }
-       pub fn understood_c_type(&mut self, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
-               self.write_c_type_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), t, generics, false, false, false)
-       }
-}