_ Git - dnssec-prover/blob - src/lib.rs

   1 //! The DNS provides a single, global, hierarchical namespace with (when DNSSEC is used)
   2 //! cryptographic guarantees on all of its data.
   3 //!
   4 //! This makes it incredibly powerful for resolving human-readable names into arbitrary, secured
   5 //! data.
   6 //!
   7 //! Unlike TLS, this cryptographic security provides transferable proofs which can convince an
   8 //! offline device, using simple cryptographic primitives and a single root trusted key, of the
   9 //! validity of DNS data.
  10 //!
  11 //! This crate implements the creation and validation of such proofs, using the format from RFC
  12 //! 9102 to create transferable proofs of DNS entries.
  13 //!
  14 //! It is no-std (but requires `alloc`) and seeks to have minimal dependencies and a reasonably
  15 //! conservative MSRV policy, allowing it to be used in as many places as possible.
  16
  17 #![allow(deprecated)] // XXX
  18 #![deny(missing_docs)]
  19
  20 #![no_std]
  21 extern crate alloc;
  22
  23 use alloc::vec::Vec;
  24 use alloc::vec;
  25 use alloc::string::String;
  26 use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
  27
  28 use ring::signature;
  29
  30 /// Gets the trusted root anchors
  31 ///
  32 /// These are available at <https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml>
  33 pub fn root_hints() -> Vec<DS> {
  34         #[allow(unused_mut)]
  35         let mut res = vec![DS {
  36                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19036, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
  37                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5").to_vec(),
  38         }, DS {
  39                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 20326, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
  40                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("E06D44B80B8F1D39A95C0B0D7C65D08458E880409BBC683457104237C7F8EC8D").to_vec(),
  41         }];
  42         // In tests, add the trust anchor from RFC 9102
  43         #[cfg(test)]
  44         res.push(DS {
  45                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 47005, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
  46                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("2eb6e9f2480126691594d649a5a613de3052e37861634641bb568746f2ffc4d4").to_vec(),
  47         });
  48         res
  49 }
  50
  51 /// A valid domain name.
  52 ///
  53 /// It must end with a ".", be no longer than 255 bytes, consist of only printable ASCII
  54 /// characters and each label may be no longer than 63 bytes.
  55 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
  56 pub struct Name(String);
  57 impl core::ops::Deref for Name {
  58         type Target = str;
  59         fn deref(&self) -> &str { &self.0 }
  60 }
  61 impl TryFrom<String> for Name {
  62         type Error = ();
  63         fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Name, ()> {
  64                 if s.is_empty() { return Err(()); }
  65                 if *s.as_bytes().last().unwrap_or(&0) != b"."[0] { return Err(()); }
  66                 if s.len() > 255 { return Err(()); }
  67                 if s.chars().any(|c| !c.is_ascii_graphic() && c != '.' && c != '-') { return Err(()); }
  68                 for label in s.split(".") {
  69                         if label.len() > 63 { return Err(()); }
  70                 }
  71
  72                 Ok(Name(s))
  73         }
  74 }
  75 impl TryFrom<&str> for Name {
  76         type Error = ();
  77         fn try_from(s: &str) -> Result<Name, ()> {
  78                 Self::try_from(s.to_owned())
  79         }
  80 }
  81
  82 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
  83 /// A supported Resource Record
  84 ///
  85 /// Note that we only currently support a handful of RR types as needed to generate and validate
  86 /// TXT or TLSA record proofs.
  87 pub enum RR {
  88         /// A text resource record
  89         Txt(Txt),
  90         /// A TLS Certificate Association resource record
  91         TLSA(TLSA),
  92         /// A Canonical Name record
  93         CName(CName),
  94         /// A DNS (Public) Key resource record
  95         DnsKey(DnsKey),
  96         /// A Delegated Signer resource record
  97         DS(DS),
  98         /// A Resource Record Signature record
  99         RRSig(RRSig),
 100 }
 101 impl RR {
 102         /// Gets the name this record refers to.
 103         pub fn name(&self) -> &Name {
 104                 match self {
 105                         RR::Txt(rr) => &rr.name,
 106                         RR::CName(rr) => &rr.name,
 107                         RR::TLSA(rr) => &rr.name,
 108                         RR::DnsKey(rr) => &rr.name,
 109                         RR::DS(rr) => &rr.name,
 110                         RR::RRSig(rr) => &rr.name,
 111                 }
 112         }
 113         fn ty(&self) -> u16 {
 114                 match self {
 115                         RR::Txt(_) => Txt::TYPE,
 116                         RR::CName(_) => CName::TYPE,
 117                         RR::TLSA(_) => TLSA::TYPE,
 118                         RR::DnsKey(_) => DnsKey::TYPE,
 119                         RR::DS(_) => DS::TYPE,
 120                         RR::RRSig(_) => RRSig::TYPE,
 121                 }
 122         }
 123         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 124                 match self {
 125                         RR::Txt(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 126                         RR::CName(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 127                         RR::TLSA(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 128                         RR::DnsKey(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 129                         RR::DS(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 130                         RR::RRSig(rr) => StaticRecord::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(rr, out),
 131                 }
 132         }
 133 }
 134 impl From<Txt> for RR { fn from(txt: Txt) -> RR { RR::Txt(txt) } }
 135 impl From<CName> for RR { fn from(cname: CName) -> RR { RR::CName(cname) } }
 136 impl From<TLSA> for RR { fn from(tlsa: TLSA) -> RR { RR::TLSA(tlsa) } }
 137 impl From<DnsKey> for RR { fn from(dnskey: DnsKey) -> RR { RR::DnsKey(dnskey) } }
 138 impl From<DS> for RR { fn from(ds: DS) -> RR { RR::DS(ds) } }
 139 impl From<RRSig> for RR { fn from(rrsig: RRSig) -> RR { RR::RRSig(rrsig) } }
 140
 141 trait StaticRecord : Ord {
 142         // http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters/dns-parameters.xhtml#dns-parameters-4
 143         const TYPE: u16;
 144         fn name(&self) -> &Name;
 145         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>);
 146 }
 147 /// A trait describing a resource record (including the [`RR`] enum).
 148 pub trait Record : Ord + {
 149         /// The resource record type, as maintained by IANA.
 150         ///
 151         /// Current assignments can be found at
 152         /// <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters/dns-parameters.xhtml#dns-parameters-4>
 153         fn ty(&self) -> u16;
 154         /// The name this record is at.
 155         fn name(&self) -> &Name;
 156         /// Writes the data of this record, prefixed by a u16 length, to the given `Vec`.
 157         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>);
 158 }
 159 impl<RR: StaticRecord> Record for RR {
 160         fn ty(&self) -> u16 { RR::TYPE }
 161         fn name(&self) -> &Name { RR::name(self) }
 162         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 163                 RR::write_u16_len_prefixed_data(self, out)
 164         }
 165 }
 166 impl Record for RR {
 167         fn ty(&self) -> u16 { self.ty() }
 168         fn name(&self) -> &Name { self.name() }
 169         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 170                 self.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(out)
 171         }
 172 }
 173
 174 fn read_u8(inp: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<u8, ()> {
 175         let res = *inp.get(0).ok_or(())?;
 176         *inp = &inp[1..];
 177         Ok(res)
 178 }
 179 fn read_u16(inp: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<u16, ()> {
 180         if inp.len() < 2 { return Err(()); }
 181         let mut bytes = [0; 2];
 182         bytes.copy_from_slice(&inp[..2]);
 183         *inp = &inp[2..];
 184         Ok(u16::from_be_bytes(bytes))
 185 }
 186 fn read_u32(inp: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<u32, ()> {
 187         if inp.len() < 4 { return Err(()); }
 188         let mut bytes = [0; 4];
 189         bytes.copy_from_slice(&inp[..4]);
 190         *inp = &inp[4..];
 191         Ok(u32::from_be_bytes(bytes))
 192 }
 193
 194 fn read_name(inp: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Name, ()> {
 195         let mut name = String::with_capacity(1024);
 196         loop {
 197                 let len = read_u8(inp)? as usize;
 198                 if len == 0 {
 199                         if name.is_empty() { name += "."; }
 200                         break;
 201                 }
 202                 if inp.len() <= len { return Err(()); }
 203                 name += core::str::from_utf8(&inp[..len]).map_err(|_| ())?;
 204                 name += ".";
 205                 *inp = &inp[len..];
 206                 if name.len() > 1024 { return Err(()); }
 207         }
 208         Ok(name.try_into()?)
 209 }
 210
 211 trait Writer { fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]); }
 212 impl Writer for Vec<u8> { fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) { self.extend_from_slice(buf); } }
 213 impl Writer for ring::digest::Context { fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) { self.update(buf); } }
 214 fn write_name<W: Writer>(out: &mut W, name: &str) {
 215         let canonical_name = name.to_ascii_lowercase();
 216         if canonical_name == "." {
 217                 out.write(&[0]);
 218         } else {
 219                 for label in canonical_name.split(".") {
 220                         out.write(&(label.len() as u8).to_be_bytes());
 221                         out.write(label.as_bytes());
 222                 }
 223         }
 224 }
 225 fn name_len(name: &Name) -> u16 {
 226         if name.0 == "." {
 227                 1
 228         } else {
 229                 let mut res = 0;
 230                 for label in name.split(".") {
 231                         res += 1 + label.len();
 232                 }
 233                 res as u16
 234         }
 235 }
 236
 237 fn parse_rr(inp: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<RR, ()> {
 238         let name = read_name(inp)?;
 239         let ty = read_u16(inp)?;
 240         let class = read_u16(inp)?;
 241         if class != 1 { return Err(()); } // We only support the INternet
 242         let _ttl = read_u32(inp)?;
 243         let data_len = read_u16(inp)? as usize;
 244         if inp.len() < data_len { return Err(()); }
 245         let mut data = &inp[..data_len];
 246         *inp = &inp[data_len..];
 247
 248         match ty {
 249                 Txt::TYPE => {
 250                         let mut parsed_data = Vec::with_capacity(data_len - 1);
 251                         while !data.is_empty() {
 252                                 let len = read_u8(&mut data)? as usize;
 253                                 if data.len() < len { return Err(()); }
 254                                 parsed_data.extend_from_slice(&data[..len]);
 255                                 data = &data[len..];
 256                         }
 257                         Ok(RR::Txt(Txt { name, data: parsed_data }))
 258                 }
 259                 CName::TYPE => {
 260                         Ok(RR::CName(CName { name, canonical_name: read_name(&mut data)? }))
 261                 }
 262                 TLSA::TYPE => {
 263                         if data_len <= 3 { return Err(()); }
 264                         Ok(RR::TLSA(TLSA {
 265                                 name, cert_usage: read_u8(&mut data)?, selector: read_u8(&mut data)?,
 266                                 data_ty: read_u8(&mut data)?, data: data.to_vec(),
 267                         }))
 268                 },
 269                 DnsKey::TYPE => {
 270                         Ok(RR::DnsKey(DnsKey {
 271                                 name, flags: read_u16(&mut data)?, protocol: read_u8(&mut data)?,
 272                                 alg: read_u8(&mut data)?, pubkey: data.to_vec(),
 273                         }))
 274                 },
 275                 DS::TYPE => {
 276                         Ok(RR::DS(DS {
 277                                 name, key_tag: read_u16(&mut data)?, alg: read_u8(&mut data)?,
 278                                 digest_type: read_u8(&mut data)?, digest: data.to_vec(),
 279                         }))
 280                 },
 281                 RRSig::TYPE => {
 282                         Ok(RR::RRSig(RRSig {
 283                                 name, ty: read_u16(&mut data)?, alg: read_u8(&mut data)?,
 284                                 labels: read_u8(&mut data)?, orig_ttl: read_u32(&mut data)?,
 285                                 expiration: read_u32(&mut data)?, inception: read_u32(&mut data)?,
 286                                 key_tag: read_u16(&mut data)?, key_name: read_name(&mut data)?,
 287                                 signature: data.to_vec(),
 288                         }))
 289                 },
 290                 _ => Err(()),
 291         }
 292 }
 293 /// Parse a stream of [`RR`]s from the format described in [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html).
 294 ///
 295 /// Note that this is only the series of `AuthenticationChain` records, and does not read the
 296 /// `ExtSupportLifetime` field at the start of a `DnssecChainExtension`.
 297 pub fn parse_rr_stream(mut inp: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<RR>, ()> {
 298         let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(32);
 299         while !inp.is_empty() {
 300                 res.push(parse_rr(&mut inp)?);
 301         }
 302         Ok(res)
 303 }
 304
 305 /// Writes the given resource record in its wire encoding to the given `Vec`.
 306 ///
 307 /// An [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html) `AuthenticationChain` is simply a
 308 /// series of such records with no additional bytes in between.
 309 pub fn write_rr<RR: Record>(rr: &RR, ttl: u32, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 310         write_name(out, rr.name());
 311         out.extend_from_slice(&rr.ty().to_be_bytes());
 312         out.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
 313         out.extend_from_slice(&ttl.to_be_bytes());
 314         rr.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(out);
 315 }
 316
 317 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] // TODO: ord is wrong cause need to consider len first, maybe
 318 /// A text resource record, containing arbitrary text data
 319 pub struct Txt {
 320         /// The name this record is at.
 321         pub name: Name,
 322         /// The text record itself.
 323         ///
 324         /// While this is generally UTF-8-valid, there is no specific requirement that it be, and thus
 325         /// is an arbitrary series of bytes here.
 326         data: Vec<u8>,
 327 }
 328 impl StaticRecord for Txt {
 329         const TYPE: u16 = 16;
 330         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 331         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 332                 let len = (self.data.len() + self.data.len() / 255 + 1) as u16;
 333                 out.extend_from_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
 334
 335                 let mut data_write = &self.data[..];
 336                 out.extend_from_slice(&[data_write.len().try_into().unwrap_or(255)]);
 337                 while !data_write.is_empty() {
 338                         let split_pos = core::cmp::min(255, data_write.len());
 339                         out.extend_from_slice(&data_write[..split_pos]);
 340                         data_write = &data_write[split_pos..];
 341                         if !data_write.is_empty() {
 342                                 out.extend_from_slice(&[data_write.len().try_into().unwrap_or(255)]);
 343                         }
 344                 }
 345         }
 346 }
 347
 348 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 349 /// A TLS Certificate Association resource record containing information about the TLS certificate
 350 /// which should be expected when communicating with the host at the given name.
 351 ///
 352 /// See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities#TLSA_RR> for more
 353 /// info.
 354 pub struct TLSA {
 355         /// The name this record is at.
 356         pub name: Name,
 357         /// The type of constraint on the TLS certificate(s) used which should be enforced by this
 358         /// record.
 359         pub cert_usage: u8,
 360         /// Whether to match on the full certificate, or only the public key.
 361         pub selector: u8,
 362         /// The type of data included which is used to match the TLS certificate(s).
 363         pub data_ty: u8,
 364         /// The certificate data or hash of the certificate data itself.
 365         pub data: Vec<u8>,
 366 }
 367 impl StaticRecord for TLSA {
 368         const TYPE: u16 = 52;
 369         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 370         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 371                 let len = 3 + self.data.len();
 372                 out.extend_from_slice(&(len as u16).to_be_bytes());
 373                 out.extend_from_slice(&[self.cert_usage, self.selector, self.data_ty]);
 374                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.data);
 375         }
 376 }
 377
 378 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 379 /// A Canonical Name resource record, referring all queries for this name to another name.
 380 pub struct CName {
 381         /// The name this record is at.
 382         pub name: Name,
 383         /// The canonical name.
 384         ///
 385         /// A resolver should use this name when looking up any further records for [`Self::name`].
 386         pub canonical_name: Name,
 387 }
 388 impl StaticRecord for CName {
 389         const TYPE: u16 = 5;
 390         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 391         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 392                 let len: u16 = name_len(&self.canonical_name);
 393                 out.extend_from_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
 394                 write_name(out, &self.canonical_name);
 395         }
 396 }
 397
 398 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 399 /// A public key resource record which can be used to validate [`RRSig`]s.
 400 pub struct DnsKey {
 401         /// The name this record is at.
 402         pub name: Name,
 403         /// Flags which constrain the usage of this public key.
 404         pub flags: u16,
 405         /// The protocol this key is used for (protocol `3` is DNSSEC).
 406         pub protocol: u8,
 407         /// The algorithm which this public key uses to sign data.
 408         pub alg: u8,
 409         /// The public key itself.
 410         pub pubkey: Vec<u8>,
 411 }
 412 impl StaticRecord for DnsKey {
 413         const TYPE: u16 = 48;
 414         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 415         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 416                 let len = 2 + 1 + 1 + self.pubkey.len();
 417                 out.extend_from_slice(&(len as u16).to_be_bytes());
 418                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.flags.to_be_bytes());
 419                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.protocol.to_be_bytes());
 420                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.alg.to_be_bytes());
 421                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.pubkey);
 422         }
 423 }
 424 impl DnsKey {
 425         /// A short (non-cryptographic) digest which can be used to refer to this [`DnsKey`].
 426         pub fn key_tag(&self) -> u16 {
 427                 let mut res = u32::from(self.flags);
 428                 res += u32::from(self.protocol) << 8;
 429                 res += u32::from(self.alg);
 430                 for (idx, b) in self.pubkey.iter().enumerate() {
 431                         if idx % 2 == 0 {
 432                                 res += u32::from(*b) << 8;
 433                         } else {
 434                                 res += u32::from(*b);
 435                         }
 436                 }
 437                 res += (res >> 16) & 0xffff;
 438                 (res & 0xffff) as u16
 439         }
 440 }
 441
 442 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 443 /// A Delegation Signer resource record which indicates that some alternative [`DnsKey`] can sign
 444 /// for records in the zone which matches [`DS::name`].
 445 pub struct DS {
 446         /// The name this record is at.
 447         ///
 448         /// This is also the zone that a [`DnsKey`] which matches the [`Self::digest`] can sign for.
 449         pub name: Name,
 450         /// A short tag which describes the matching [`DnsKey`].
 451         ///
 452         /// This matches the [`DnsKey::key_tag`] for the [`DnsKey`] which is referred to by this
 453         /// [`DS`].
 454         pub key_tag: u16,
 455         /// The algorithm which the [`DnsKey`] referred to by this [`DS`] uses.
 456         ///
 457         /// This matches the [`DnsKey::alg`] field in the referred-to [`DnsKey`].
 458         pub alg: u8,
 459         /// The type of digest used to hash the referred-to [`DnsKey`].
 460         pub digest_type: u8,
 461         /// The digest itself.
 462         pub digest: Vec<u8>,
 463 }
 464 impl StaticRecord for DS {
 465         const TYPE: u16 = 43;
 466         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 467         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 468                 let len = 2 + 1 + 1 + self.digest.len();
 469                 out.extend_from_slice(&(len as u16).to_be_bytes());
 470                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
 471                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.alg.to_be_bytes());
 472                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.digest_type.to_be_bytes());
 473                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.digest);
 474         }
 475 }
 476
 477 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 478 /// A Resource Record (set) Signature resource record. This contains a signature over all the
 479 /// resources records of the given type at the given name.
 480 pub struct RRSig {
 481         /// The name this record is at.
 482         ///
 483         /// This is also the name of any records which this signature is covering (ignoring wildcards).
 484         pub name: Name,
 485         /// The resource record type which this [`RRSig`] is signing.
 486         ///
 487         /// All resources records of this type at the same name as [`Self::name`] must be signed by
 488         /// this [`RRSig`].
 489         pub ty: u16,
 490         /// The algorithm which is being used to sign.
 491         ///
 492         /// This must match the [`DnsKey::alg`] field in the [`DnsKey`] being used to sign.
 493         pub alg: u8,
 494         /// The number of labels in the name of the records that this signature is signing.
 495         // TODO: Describe this better in terms of wildcards
 496         pub labels: u8,
 497         /// The TTL of the records which this [`RRSig`] is signing.
 498         pub orig_ttl: u32,
 499         /// The expiration (as a UNIX timestamp) of this signature.
 500         pub expiration: u32,
 501         /// The time (as a UNIX timestamp) at which this signature becomes valid.
 502         pub inception: u32,
 503         /// A short tag which describes the matching [`DnsKey`].
 504         ///
 505         /// This matches the [`DnsKey::key_tag`] for the [`DnsKey`] which created this signature.
 506         pub key_tag: u16,
 507         /// The [`DnsKey::name`] in the [`DnsKey`] which created this signature.
 508         ///
 509         /// This must be a parent of the [`Self::name`].
 510         pub key_name: Name,
 511         /// The signature itself.
 512         pub signature: Vec<u8>,
 513 }
 514 impl StaticRecord for RRSig {
 515         const TYPE: u16 = 46;
 516         fn name(&self) -> &Name { &self.name }
 517         fn write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&self, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
 518                 let len = 2 + 1 + 1 + 4*3 + 2 + name_len(&self.key_name) + self.signature.len() as u16;
 519                 out.extend_from_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
 520                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.ty.to_be_bytes());
 521                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.alg.to_be_bytes());
 522                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.labels.to_be_bytes());
 523                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
 524                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.expiration.to_be_bytes());
 525                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.inception.to_be_bytes());
 526                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
 527                 write_name(out, &self.key_name);
 528                 out.extend_from_slice(&self.signature);
 529         }
 530 }
 531
 532 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 533 /// An error when validating DNSSEC signatures or other data
 534 pub enum ValidationError {
 535         /// An algorithm used in signing was not supported.
 536         ///
 537         /// In general DNS usage the resulting data should be used anyway, as we were able to verify
 538         /// that a zone wished to use the unsupported algorithm.
 539         ///
 540         /// However, in cases where signing is mandatory, this can be treated as an error.
 541         UnsupportedAlgorithm,
 542         /// The provided data was invalid or signatures did not validate.
 543         Invalid,
 544 }
 545
 546 fn bytes_to_rsa_pk<'a>(pubkey: &'a [u8])
 547 -> Result<signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents<&'a [u8]>, ValidationError> {
 548         if pubkey.len() <= 3 { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 549
 550         let mut pos = 0;
 551         let exponent_length;
 552         if pubkey[0] == 0 {
 553                 exponent_length = ((pubkey[1] as usize) << 8) | (pubkey[2] as usize);
 554                 pos += 3;
 555         } else {
 556                 exponent_length = pubkey[0] as usize;
 557                 pos += 1;
 558         }
 559
 560         if pubkey.len() <= pos + exponent_length { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 561         Ok(signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents {
 562                 n: &pubkey[pos + exponent_length..],
 563                 e: &pubkey[pos..pos + exponent_length]
 564         })
 565 }
 566
 567 // TODO: return the validity period
 568 fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: Record, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
 569 -> Result<(), ValidationError>
 570 where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
 571         for record in records.iter() {
 572                 if sig.ty != record.ty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 573         }
 574         for dnskey in dnskeys.into_iter() {
 575                 if dnskey.key_tag() == sig.key_tag {
 576                         // Protocol must be 3, otherwise its not DNSSEC
 577                         if dnskey.protocol != 3 { continue; }
 578                         // The ZONE flag must be set if we're going to validate RRs with this key.
 579                         if dnskey.flags & 0b1_0000_0000 == 0 { continue; }
 580                         if dnskey.alg != sig.alg { continue; }
 581
 582                         // TODO: Check orig_ttl somehow?
 583
 584                         let mut signed_data = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
 585                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
 586                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
 587                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes()); // Check this somehow?
 588                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
 589                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes()); // Return this and inception
 590                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
 591                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
 592                         write_name(&mut signed_data, &sig.key_name);
 593
 594                         records.sort();
 595
 596                         for record in records.iter() {
 597                                 let periods = record.name().0.chars().filter(|c| *c == '.').count();
 598                                 let labels = sig.labels.into();
 599                                 if periods != 1 && periods != labels {
 600                                         if periods < labels { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 601                                         let signed_name = record.name().0.splitn(periods - labels + 1, ".").last();
 602                                         debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
 603                                         if let Some(name) = signed_name {
 604                                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(b"\x01*");
 605                                                 write_name(&mut signed_data, name);
 606                                         } else { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 607                                 } else {
 608                                         write_name(&mut signed_data, record.name());
 609                                 }
 610                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
 611                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
 612                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
 613                                 record.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&mut signed_data);
 614                         }
 615
 616                         match sig.alg {
 617                                 8|10 => {
 618                                         let alg = if sig.alg == 8 {
 619                                                 &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA256_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
 620                                         } else {
 621                                                 &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA512_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
 622                                         };
 623                                         bytes_to_rsa_pk(&dnskey.pubkey)?
 624                                                 .verify(alg, &signed_data, &sig.signature)
 625                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
 626                                 },
 627                                 13|14 => {
 628                                         let alg = if sig.alg == 13 {
 629                                                 &signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED
 630                                         } else {
 631                                                 &signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_FIXED
 632                                         };
 633
 634                                         // Add 0x4 identifier to the ECDSA pubkey as expected by ring.
 635                                         let mut key = Vec::with_capacity(dnskey.pubkey.len() + 1);
 636                                         key.push(0x4);
 637                                         key.extend_from_slice(&dnskey.pubkey);
 638
 639                                         signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &key)
 640                                                 .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
 641                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
 642                                 },
 643                                 15 => {
 644                                         signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &dnskey.pubkey)
 645                                                 .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
 646                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
 647                                 },
 648                                 _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
 649                         }
 650
 651                         return Ok(());
 652                 }
 653         }
 654         Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
 655 }
 656
 657 fn verify_dnskey_rrsig<'a, T, I>(sig: &RRSig, dses: T, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
 658 -> Result<(), ValidationError>
 659 where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
 660         let mut validated_dnskeys = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
 661         let dses = dses.into_iter();
 662
 663         let mut had_known_digest_type = false;
 664         let mut had_ds = false;
 665         for ds in dses.clone() {
 666                 had_ds = true;
 667                 if ds.digest_type == 2 || ds.digest_type == 4 {
 668                         had_known_digest_type = true;
 669                         break;
 670                 }
 671         }
 672         if !had_ds { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 673         if !had_known_digest_type { return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm); }
 674
 675         for dnskey in records.iter() {
 676                 for ds in dses.clone() {
 677                         if ds.digest_type != 2 && ds.digest_type != 4 { continue; }
 678                         if ds.alg != dnskey.alg { continue; }
 679                         if dnskey.key_tag() == ds.key_tag {
 680                                 let alg = match ds.digest_type {
 681                                         2 => &ring::digest::SHA256,
 682                                         4 => &ring::digest::SHA384,
 683                                         _ => continue,
 684                                 };
 685                                 let mut ctx = ring::digest::Context::new(alg);
 686                                 write_name(&mut ctx, &dnskey.name);
 687                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.flags.to_be_bytes());
 688                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.protocol.to_be_bytes());
 689                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.alg.to_be_bytes());
 690                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.pubkey);
 691                                 let hash = ctx.finish();
 692                                 if hash.as_ref() == &ds.digest {
 693                                         validated_dnskeys.push(*dnskey);
 694                                         break;
 695                                 }
 696                         }
 697                 }
 698         }
 699         verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().map(|k| *k), records)
 700 }
 701
 702 /// Verifies the given set of resource records.
 703 ///
 704 /// Given a set of arbitrary records, this attempts to validate DNSSEC data from the [`root_hints`]
 705 /// through to any supported non-DNSSEC record types.
 706 ///
 707 /// All records which could be validated are returned, though if an error is found validating any
 708 /// contained record, only `Err` will be returned.
 709 pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<Vec<&'a RR>, ValidationError> {
 710         let mut zone = ".";
 711         let mut res = Vec::new();
 712         let mut pending_ds_sets = Vec::with_capacity(1);
 713         'next_zone: while zone == "." || !pending_ds_sets.is_empty() {
 714                 let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
 715                 let next_ds_set;
 716                 if let Some((next_zone, ds_set)) = pending_ds_sets.pop() {
 717                         next_ds_set = Some(ds_set);
 718                         zone = next_zone;
 719                 } else {
 720                         debug_assert_eq!(zone, ".");
 721                         next_ds_set = None;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 for rrsig in inp.iter()
 725                         .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
 726                         .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.0 == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE)
 727                 {
 728                         let dnskeys = inp.iter()
 729                                 .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
 730                                 .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.0 == zone);
 731                         let dnskeys_verified = if zone == "." {
 732                                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, &root_hints(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
 733                         } else {
 734                                 debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
 735                                 if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
 736                                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
 737                         };
 738                         if dnskeys_verified.is_ok() {
 739                                 for rrsig in inp.iter()
 740                                         .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
 741                                         .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.0 == zone && rrsig.name.0 != zone)
 742                                 {
 743                                         if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 744                                         let signed_records = inp.iter()
 745                                                 .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
 746                                         verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect())?;
 747                                         match rrsig.ty {
 748                                                 // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
 749                                                 RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
 750                                                 DS::TYPE => {
 751                                                         if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.0) {
 752                                                                 pending_ds_sets.push((
 753                                                                         &rrsig.name,
 754                                                                         signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
 755                                                                                 if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
 756                                                                                 else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
 757                                                                 ));
 758                                                         }
 759                                                 },
 760                                                 _ => {
 761                                                         for record in signed_records {
 762                                                                 if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
 763                                                         }
 764                                                 },
 765                                         }
 766                                 }
 767                                 continue 'next_zone;
 768                         } else if dnskeys_verified == Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) {
 769                                 // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't supprt
 770                                 // and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are no more,
 771                                 // return UnsupportedAlgorithm
 772                                 found_unsupported_alg = true;
 773                         } else {
 774                                 // We don't explicitly handle invalid signatures here, instead we move on to the
 775                                 // next RRSig (if there is one) and return `Invalid` if no `RRSig`s match.
 776                         }
 777                 }
 778                 // No RRSigs were able to verify our DnsKey set
 779                 if found_unsupported_alg {
 780                         return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm);
 781                 } else {
 782                         return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
 783                 }
 784         }
 785         if res.is_empty() { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
 786         else { Ok(res) }
 787 }
 788
 789 #[cfg(test)]
 790 mod tests {
 791         use super::*;
 792
 793         use hex_conservative::FromHex;
 794         use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 795
 796         fn root_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 797                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 798                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 799                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAentCcIEndLh2QSK+pHFq/PkKCwioxt75d7qNOUuTPMo0Fcte/NbwDPbocvbZ/eNb5RV/xQdapaJASQ/oDLsqzD0H1+JkHNuuKc2JLtpMxg4glSE4CnRXT2CnFTW5IwOREL+zeqZHy68OXy5ngW5KALbevRYRg/q2qFezRtCSQ0knmyPwgFsghVYLKwi116oxwEU5yZ6W7npWMxt5Z+Qs8diPNWrS5aXLgJtrWUGIIuFfuZwXYziGRP/z3o1EfMo9zZU19KLopkoLXX7Ls/diCXdSEdJXTtFA8w0/OKQviuJebfKscoElCTswukVZ1VX5gbaFEo2xWhHJ9Uo63wYaTk=").unwrap(),
 800                 }, DnsKey {
 801                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 802                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU=").unwrap(),
 803                 }];
 804                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 805                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 0, orig_ttl: 172800,
 806                         expiration: 1708473600, inception: 1706659200, key_tag: 20326, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
 807                         signature: base64::decode("ZO8LbjtwAiVkkBzOnGbiI/3ilGUPmmJpagsLSBVbIZRG6o/8a+hUZpIPTvk5ERZ1rAW4x0YxKAU8qtaHQpKIp3qYA6u97DYytVD7RdtXKHmGYAvR6QbD5eVTkCw1Sz705rJxbwt6+YM5OBweSUAy5Glo6JSQPDQwRDwj/bV2fLRhJbvfsBgxqaXJA0SaE/ceyvK8gB2NIaguTJNrztr2TENrHxi86OKOuHYDHthOW0TFoPfr19qj/P2eEC6dYniTVovUwHT7e+Hqrb05dJF4mI4ZjaIb5mFf8i5RehT1aRlnb3CLiwJ01bEjrRBo3xUn5I3PkCnglHhx3EvkO73OzA==").unwrap(),
 808                 };
 809                 let root_hints = root_hints();
 810                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 811                 let rrs = vec![dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 812                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 813         }
 814
 815         fn com_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 816                 let root_dnskeys = root_dnskey().0;
 817                 let mut com_ds = vec![DS {
 818                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19718, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 819                         digest: Vec::from_hex("8ACBB0CD28F41250A80A491389424D341522D946B0DA0C0291F2D3D771D7805A").unwrap(),
 820                 }];
 821                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 822                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
 823                         expiration: 1708189200, inception: 1707062400, key_tag: 30903, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
 824                         signature: base64::decode("vwMOBBwqRBdlmGZB+0FKfyMSignEtpYW9sD4TzPW2E+wdbF7O7epR5cmKmvcv0RUJdM0dGC/QmhCfgf/yqw1Xp7TpmPaYzaruW70hjGXZJO2nY3G6stUVe4S7lM2CzHL7nbbpaB5B+iSu6Ua9dZ+nyKrxfB7855HBLCLrHrkMGxWQiEPTallXXS8tEM1Y2XrsuzAQu2vZ2D2ClhFspFbPwwOdw+G6+NsZ8PnIfTkCj6DuKcgbdxjmGaYmw/6hVt9OU3kGCOBaJaEy4LrD8Kwzfu4S7axMwTKP4y4c5Y/E4k/mVAW0cuUtv549HaDfD2V0CvW1bDl6PqRkOiVsqM/lA==").unwrap(),
 825                 };
 826                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &root_dnskeys, com_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 827                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 828                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 829                         pubkey: base64::decode("5i9qjJgyH+9MBz7VO269/srLQB/xRRllyUoVq8oLBZshPe4CGzDSFGnXAM3L/QPzB9ULpJuuy7jcxmBZ5Ebo7A==").unwrap(),
 830                 }, DnsKey {
 831                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 832                         pubkey: base64::decode("tx8EZRAd2+K/DJRV0S+hbBzaRPS/G6JVNBitHzqpsGlz8huE61Ms9ANe6NSDLKJtiTBqfTJWDAywEp1FCsEINQ==").unwrap(),
 833                 }];
 834                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 835                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
 836                         expiration: 1707750155, inception: 1706453855, key_tag: 19718, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 837                         signature: base64::decode("ZFGChM7QfJt0QSqVWerWnG5pMjpL1pXyJAmuHe8dHI/olmaNCxm+mqNHv9i3AploFY6JoNtiHmeBiC6zuFj/ZQ==").unwrap(),
 838                 };
 839                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 840                 let rrs = vec![com_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 841                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 842                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 843         }
 844
 845         fn mattcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 846                 let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
 847                 let mut mattcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
 848                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 25630, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 849                         digest: Vec::from_hex("DC608CA62BE89B3B9DB1593F9A59930D24FBA79D486E19C88A7792711EC00735").unwrap(),
 850                 }];
 851                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 852                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
 853                         expiration: 1707631252, inception: 1707022252, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 854                         signature: base64::decode("M7Fk+CjfLz6hRsY5iSuw5bwc2OqlS3XtKH8FDs7lcbhEiR63n+DzOF0I8L+3k06SXFnE89uuofQECzWmAyef6Q==").unwrap(),
 855                 };
 856                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, mattcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 857                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 858                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 859                         pubkey: base64::decode("8BP51Etiu4V6cHvGCYqwNqCip4pvHChjEgkgG4zpdDvO9YRcTGuV/p71hAUut2/qEdxqXfUOT/082BJ/Z089DA==").unwrap(),
 860                 }, DnsKey {
 861                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 862                         pubkey: base64::decode("AhUlQ8qk7413R0m4zKfTDHb/FQRlKag+ncGXxNxT+qTzSZTb9E5IGjo9VCEp6+IMqqpkd4GrXpN9AzDvlcU9Ig==").unwrap(),
 863                 }];
 864                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 865                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
 866                         expiration: 1708278650, inception: 1707063650, key_tag: 25630, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 867                         signature: base64::decode("nyVDwG+la8d5dyWgB7m+H3BQwCvTWLQ/kAqNruMzdLmn9B3VC9u/rvM/ortEu0WPbA1FZWJbRKpF1Ohkj3ltNw==").unwrap(),
 868                 };
 869                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 870                 let rrs = vec![mattcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 871                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 872                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 873         }
 874
 875         fn mattcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 876                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 877                         name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 878                         data: "bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 879                 };
 880                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 881                         name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 882                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 5, orig_ttl: 3600, expiration: 1708123318,
 883                         inception: 1706908318, key_tag: 47959, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 884                         signature: base64::decode("mgU6iwyMWO0w9nj2Gmt1+RmaIJIU3KO7DWVZiCD1bmU9e9zNefXCtnWOC2HtwjUsn/QYkWluvuSfYpBrt1IjpQ==").unwrap(),
 885                 };
 886                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 887         }
 888
 889         fn matcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 890                 let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
 891                 let mut matcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
 892                         name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 24930, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 893                         digest: Vec::from_hex("693E990CBB1CE1095E387092D3C04BCE907C008891F32A88D41D3ECB129E5E23").unwrap(),
 894                 }];
 895                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 896                         name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
 897                         expiration: 1707628636, inception: 1707019636, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 898                         signature: base64::decode("l9b+DhtnJSIzR6y4Bwx+0L9kep77UNCBoTg74RTSL6oMrQd8w4OobHxzwDyXqnLfyxVP18V+AnQp4DdJ2nUW1g==").unwrap(),
 899                 };
 900                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, matcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 901                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 902                         name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 903                         pubkey: base64::decode("pfO3ow3SrKhLS7AMEi3b5W9P28nCOB9vryxfSXhqMcXFP1x9V4xAt0/JLr0zNodsqRD/8d9Yhu4Wf3hnSlaavw==").unwrap(),
 904                 }, DnsKey {
 905                         name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 906                         pubkey: base64::decode("OO6LQTV1mnRsFgn6YQoyeo/SDqS3eajfVv8WGQVnuSYO/bTS9St1tJiox2fgU6wRWDU3chhjz1Pj0unKUAQKig==").unwrap(),
 907                 }];
 908                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 909                         name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
 910                         expiration: 1708309135, inception: 1707094135, key_tag: 24930, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 911                         signature: base64::decode("2MKg3bTn9zf4ThwCoKRFadqD6l1D6SuLksRieKxFC0QQnzUOCRgZSK2/IlT0DMEoM0+mGrJZo7UG79UILMGUyg==").unwrap(),
 912                 };
 913                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &matcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 914                 let rrs = vec![matcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 915                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 916                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 917         }
 918
 919         fn matcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 920                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 921                         name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 922                         data: "dnssec_prover_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 923                 };
 924                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 925                         name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 926                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
 927                         inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 928                         signature: base64::decode("4vaE5Jex2VvIT39JpuMNT7Ds7O0OfzTik5f8WcRRxO0IJnGAO16syAsNUkNkNqsMYknnjHDF0lI4agszgzdpsw==").unwrap(),
 929                 };
 930                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 931         }
 932
 933         fn matcorallo_cname_record() -> (CName, RRSig) {
 934                 let cname_resp = CName {
 935                         name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 936                         canonical_name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 937                 };
 938                 let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
 939                         name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 940                         ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
 941                         inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 942                         signature: base64::decode("5HIrmEotbVb95umE6SX3NrPboKsthdcY8b7DdaYQZzm0Nj5m2VgcfOmEPJYS8o1xE4GvGGF4sdfSy3Uw7TibBg==").unwrap(),
 943                 };
 944                 (cname_resp, cname_rrsig)
 945         }
 946
 947         fn matcorallo_wildcard_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 948                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 949                         name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 950                         data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 951                 };
 952                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 953                         name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 954                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
 955                         inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 956                         signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
 957                 };
 958                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 959         }
 960
 961         fn matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record() -> (CName, RRSig, Txt, RRSig) {
 962                 let cname_resp = CName {
 963                         name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 964                         canonical_name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 965                 };
 966                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 967                         name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 968                         data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 969                 };
 970                 let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
 971                         name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 972                         ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708322050,
 973                         inception: 1707107050, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 974                         signature: base64::decode("JfJuSemF5dtQYxEw6eKL4IRP8BaDt6FtbtdpZ6HjODTDflhKQRhBEbwT7kwceKPAq18q5sWHFV1bMTqE/F3WLw==").unwrap(),
 975                 };
 976                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 977                         name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 978                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
 979                         inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 980                         signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
 981                 };
 982                 (cname_resp, cname_rrsig, txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 983         }
 984
 985         #[test]
 986         fn check_txt_record_a() {
 987                 let dnskeys = mattcorallo_dnskey().0;
 988                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
 989                 let txt_resp = [txt];
 990                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 991         }
 992
 993         #[test]
 994         fn check_single_txt_proof() {
 995                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
 996                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 997                 for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 998                 for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 999                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
1000                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1001
1002                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
1003                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
1004                 let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
1005                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.len(), 1);
1006                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs[0] {
1007                         assert_eq!(txt.name.0, "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
1008                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
1009                 } else { panic!(); }
1010         }
1011
1012         #[test]
1013         fn check_txt_record_b() {
1014                 let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
1015                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
1016                 let txt_resp = [txt];
1017                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
1018         }
1019
1020         #[test]
1021         fn check_cname_record() {
1022                 let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
1023                 let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
1024                 let cname_resp = [cname];
1025                 verify_rrsig(&cname_rrsig, &dnskeys, cname_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
1026         }
1027
1028         #[test]
1029         fn check_multi_zone_proof() {
1030                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
1031                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1032                 for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1033                 for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1034                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
1035                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1036                 for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1037                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
1038                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1039                 let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
1040                 for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1041
1042                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
1043                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
1044                 let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
1045                 verified_rrs.sort();
1046                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.len(), 3);
1047                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs[0] {
1048                         assert_eq!(txt.name.0, "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
1049                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
1050                 } else { panic!(); }
1051                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs[1] {
1052                         assert_eq!(txt.name.0, "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
1053                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"dnssec_prover_test");
1054                 } else { panic!(); }
1055                 if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs[2] {
1056                         assert_eq!(cname.name.0, "cname_test.matcorallo.com.");
1057                         assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.0, "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
1058                 } else { panic!(); }
1059         }
1060
1061         #[test]
1062         fn check_wildcard_record() {
1063                 let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
1064                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_wildcard_record();
1065                 let txt_resp = [txt];
1066                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
1067         }
1068
1069         #[test]
1070         fn check_wildcard_proof() {
1071                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
1072                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1073                 for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1074                 for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1075                 let (cname, cname_rrsig, txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record();
1076                 for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1077                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
1078
1079                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
1080                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
1081                 let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
1082                 verified_rrs.sort();
1083                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.len(), 2);
1084                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs[0] {
1085                         assert_eq!(txt.name.0, "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
1086                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
1087                 } else { panic!(); }
1088                 if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs[1] {
1089                         assert_eq!(cname.name.0, "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
1090                         assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.0, "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
1091                 } else { panic!(); }
1092         }
1093
1094         #[test]
1095         fn rfc9102_parse_test() {
1096                 // Note that this is the `AuthenticationChain` field only, and ignores the
1097                 // `ExtSupportLifetime` field (stripping the top two 0 bytes from the front).
1098 let rfc9102_test_vector = Vec::from_hex("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").unwrap();
1099
1100                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rfc9102_test_vector).unwrap();
1101                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
1102                 let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
1103                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.len(), 1);
1104                 if let RR::TLSA(tlsa) = &verified_rrs[0] {
1105                         assert_eq!(tlsa.cert_usage, 3);
1106                         assert_eq!(tlsa.selector, 1);
1107                         assert_eq!(tlsa.data_ty, 1);
1108                         assert_eq!(tlsa.data, Vec::from_hex("8bd1da95272f7fa4ffb24137fc0ed03aae67e5c4d8b3c50734e1050a7920b922").unwrap());
1109                 } else { panic!(); }
1110         }
1111 }