Avoid overriding $RUSTFLAGS when needed for rustc 1.63
[dnssec-prover] / src / validation.rs
index 75620b100364b33b6043621eea455a0b181582a6..fc188a46dff0d04c8ee3e330b12e63bcccc69f90 100644 (file)
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use alloc::vec;
 use core::cmp::{self, Ordering};
 
-use ring::signature;
-
 use crate::base32;
 use crate::crypto;
 use crate::rr::*;
 use crate::ser::write_name;
+use crate::MAX_PROOF_STEPS;
 
 /// Gets the trusted root anchors
 ///
@@ -45,30 +44,12 @@ pub enum ValidationError {
        UnsupportedAlgorithm,
        /// The provided data was invalid or signatures did not validate.
        Invalid,
+       /// We would need to validate more than [`MAX_PROOF_STEPS`] sets of [`RRSig`]s to validate the
+       /// proof we were given.
+       ValidationCountLimited,
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn bytes_to_rsa_pk<'a>(pubkey: &'a [u8])
--> Result<signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents<&'a [u8]>, ()> {
-       if pubkey.len() <= 3 { return Err(()); }
-
-       let mut pos = 0;
-       let exponent_length;
-       if pubkey[0] == 0 {
-               exponent_length = ((pubkey[1] as usize) << 8) | (pubkey[2] as usize);
-               pos += 3;
-       } else {
-               exponent_length = pubkey[0] as usize;
-               pos += 1;
-       }
-
-       if pubkey.len() <= pos + exponent_length { return Err(()); }
-       Ok(signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents {
-               n: &pubkey[pos + exponent_length..],
-               e: &pubkey[pos..pos + exponent_length]
-       })
-}
-
-fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: Record, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
+fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: WriteableRecord, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
 -> Result<(), ValidationError>
 where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
        for record in records.iter() {
@@ -82,15 +63,23 @@ where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
                        if dnskey.flags & 0b1_0000_0000 == 0 { continue; }
                        if dnskey.alg != sig.alg { continue; }
 
-                       let mut signed_data = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
-                       write_name(&mut signed_data, &sig.key_name);
+                       let mut hash_ctx = match sig.alg {
+                               8 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha256(),
+                               10 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha512(),
+                               13 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha256(),
+                               14 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha384(),
+                               15 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha512(),
+                               _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
+                       };
+
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
+                       hash_ctx.update(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
+                       write_name(&mut hash_ctx, &sig.key_name);
 
                        records.sort_unstable();
 
@@ -106,50 +95,27 @@ where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
                                        let signed_name = record.name().trailing_n_labels(sig.labels);
                                        debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
                                        if let Some(name) = signed_name {
-                                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(b"\x01*");
-                                               write_name(&mut signed_data, name);
+                                               hash_ctx.update(b"\x01*");
+                                               write_name(&mut hash_ctx, name);
                                        } else { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
                                } else {
-                                       write_name(&mut signed_data, record.name());
+                                       write_name(&mut hash_ctx, record.name());
                                }
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
-                               record.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&mut signed_data);
+                               hash_ctx.update(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
+                               hash_ctx.update(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
+                               hash_ctx.update(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
+                               record.serialize_u16_len_prefixed(&mut hash_ctx);
                        }
 
+                       let hash = hash_ctx.finish();
                        let sig_validation = match sig.alg {
-                               8|10 => {
-                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 8 {
-                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA256_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
-                                       } else {
-                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA512_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
-                                       };
-                                       bytes_to_rsa_pk(&dnskey.pubkey).map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?
-                                               .verify(alg, &signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
-                               },
-                               13|14 => {
-                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 13 {
-                                               &signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED
-                                       } else {
-                                               &signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_FIXED
-                                       };
-
-                                       // Add 0x4 identifier to the ECDSA pubkey as expected by ring.
-                                       let mut key = Vec::with_capacity(dnskey.pubkey.len() + 1);
-                                       key.push(0x4);
-                                       key.extend_from_slice(&dnskey.pubkey);
-
-                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &key)
-                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
-                               },
-                               15 => {
-                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &dnskey.pubkey)
-                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
-                               },
+                               8|10 => crypto::rsa::validate_rsa(&dnskey.pubkey, &sig.signature, hash.as_ref())
+                                       .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid),
+                               13 => crypto::secp256r1::validate_ecdsa(&dnskey.pubkey, &sig.signature, hash.as_ref())
+                                       .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid),
+                               14 => crypto::secp384r1::validate_ecdsa(&dnskey.pubkey, &sig.signature, hash.as_ref())
+                                       .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid),
+                               // TODO: 15 => ED25519
                                _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
                        };
                        #[cfg(fuzzing)] {
@@ -159,6 +125,12 @@ where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
                                        return Ok(());
                                }
                        }
+
+                       // Note that technically there could be a key tag collision here, causing spurious
+                       // verification failure. In most zones, there's only 2-4 DNSKEY entries, meaning a
+                       // spurious collision shouldn't be much more often than one every billion zones. Much
+                       // more likely in such a case, someone is just trying to do a KeyTrap attack, so we
+                       // simply hard-fail and return an error immediately.
                        sig_validation?;
 
                        return Ok(());
@@ -167,9 +139,11 @@ where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
        Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
 }
 
-fn verify_dnskey_rrsig<'a, T, I>(sig: &RRSig, dses: T, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
--> Result<(), ValidationError>
-where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
+/// Verify [`RRSig`]s over [`DnsKey`], returning a reference to the [`RRSig`] that matched, if any.
+fn verify_dnskeys<'r, 'd, RI, R, DI, D>(sigs: RI, dses: DI, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
+-> Result<&'r RRSig, ValidationError>
+where RI: IntoIterator<IntoIter = R>, R: Iterator<Item = &'r RRSig>,
+      DI: IntoIterator<IntoIter = D>, D: Iterator<Item = &'d DS> + Clone {
        let mut validated_dnskeys = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
        let dses = dses.into_iter();
 
@@ -194,7 +168,7 @@ where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
                                let mut ctx = match ds.digest_type {
                                        1 if trust_sha1 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha1(),
                                        2 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha256(),
-                                       // TODO: 4 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha384(),
+                                       4 => crypto::hash::Hasher::sha384(),
                                        _ => continue,
                                };
                                write_name(&mut ctx, &dnskey.name);
@@ -203,14 +177,40 @@ where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
                                ctx.update(&dnskey.alg.to_be_bytes());
                                ctx.update(&dnskey.pubkey);
                                let hash = ctx.finish();
-                               if hash.as_ref() == &ds.digest {
+                               if hash.as_ref() == ds.digest {
                                        validated_dnskeys.push(*dnskey);
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
-       verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().map(|k| *k), records)
+
+       let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
+       for sig in sigs {
+               match verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().copied(), records.clone()) {
+                       Ok(()) => return Ok(sig),
+                       Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) => {
+                               // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't
+                               // supprt and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are
+                               // no more, return UnsupportedAlgorithm
+                               found_unsupported_alg = true;
+                       },
+                       Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited) => {
+                               debug_assert!(false, "verify_rrsig doesn't internally limit");
+                               return Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited);
+                       },
+                       Err(ValidationError::Invalid) => {
+                               // If a signature is invalid, just immediately fail, avoiding KeyTrap issues.
+                               return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       if found_unsupported_alg {
+               Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm)
+       } else {
+               Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
+       }
 }
 
 /// Given a set of [`RR`]s, [`verify_rr_stream`] checks what it can and returns the set of
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
 /// contained records verified.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
-       /// The set of verified [`RR`]s.
+       /// The set of verified [`RR`]s, not including [`DnsKey`], [`RRSig`], [`NSec`], and [`NSec3`]
+       /// records.
        ///
        /// These are not valid unless the current UNIX time is between [`Self::valid_from`] and
        /// [`Self::expires`].
@@ -260,8 +261,8 @@ fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
 }
 
 fn nsec_ord(a: &str, b: &str) -> Ordering {
-       let mut a_label_iter = a.rsplit(".");
-       let mut b_label_iter = b.rsplit(".");
+       let mut a_label_iter = a.rsplit('.');
+       let mut b_label_iter = b.rsplit('.');
        loop {
                match (a_label_iter.next(), b_label_iter.next()) {
                        (Some(_), None) => return Ordering::Greater,
@@ -274,11 +275,11 @@ fn nsec_ord(a: &str, b: &str) -> Ordering {
                                                (Some(_), None) => return Ordering::Greater,
                                                (None, Some(_)) => return Ordering::Less,
                                                (Some(mut a), Some(mut b)) => {
-                                                       if a >= 'A' as u8 && a <= 'Z' as u8 {
-                                                               a += 'a' as u8 - 'A' as u8;
+                                                       if a.is_ascii_uppercase() {
+                                                               a += b'a' - b'A';
                                                        }
-                                                       if b >= 'A' as u8 && b <= 'Z' as u8 {
-                                                               b += 'a' as u8 - 'A' as u8;
+                                                       if b.is_ascii_uppercase() {
+                                                               b += b'a' - b'A';
                                                        }
                                                        if a != b { return a.cmp(&b); }
                                                },
@@ -324,8 +325,8 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
        let mut latest_inception = 0;
        let mut earliest_expiry = u64::MAX;
        let mut min_ttl = u32::MAX;
+       let mut rrsig_sets_validated = 0;
        'next_zone: while zone == "." || !pending_ds_sets.is_empty() {
-               let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
                let next_ds_set;
                if let Some((next_zone, ds_set)) = pending_ds_sets.pop() {
                        next_ds_set = Some(ds_set);
@@ -335,88 +336,93 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                        next_ds_set = None;
                }
 
+               rrsig_sets_validated += 1;
+               if rrsig_sets_validated > MAX_PROOF_STEPS {
+                       return Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited);
+               }
+
+               let dnskey_rrsigs = inp.iter()
+                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
+                       .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE);
+               let dnskeys = inp.iter()
+                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
+                       .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.as_str() == zone);
+               let root_hints = root_hints();
+               let verified_dnskey_rrsig = if zone == "." {
+                       verify_dnskeys(dnskey_rrsigs, &root_hints, dnskeys.clone().collect())?
+               } else {
+                       debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
+                       if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
+                       verify_dnskeys(dnskey_rrsigs, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())?
+               };
+               latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(verified_dnskey_rrsig.inception));
+               earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(verified_dnskey_rrsig.expiration));
+               min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, verified_dnskey_rrsig.orig_ttl);
+
                for rrsig in inp.iter()
                        .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
-                       .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE)
+                       .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty != DnsKey::TYPE)
                {
-                       let dnskeys = inp.iter()
-                               .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
-                               .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.as_str() == zone);
-                       let dnskeys_verified = if zone == "." {
-                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, &root_hints(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
-                       } else {
-                               debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
-                               if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
-                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
-                       };
-                       if dnskeys_verified.is_ok() {
-                               latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
-                               earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
-                               min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
-                               for rrsig in inp.iter()
-                                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
-                                       .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty != DnsKey::TYPE)
-                               {
-                                       if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-                                       let signed_records = inp.iter()
-                                               .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
-                                       verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect())?;
-                                       latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
-                                       earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
-                                       min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
-                                       match rrsig.ty {
-                                               // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
-                                               RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
-                                               DS::TYPE => {
-                                                       if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.as_str()) {
-                                                               pending_ds_sets.push((
-                                                                       &rrsig.name,
-                                                                       signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
-                                                                               if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
-                                                                               else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
-                                                               ));
-                                                       }
-                                               },
-                                               _ => {
-                                                       if rrsig.labels != rrsig.name.labels() && rrsig.ty != NSec::TYPE {
-                                                               if rrsig.ty == NSec3::TYPE {
-                                                                       // NSEC3 records should never appear on wildcards, so treat the
-                                                                       // whole proof as invalid
-                                                                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
-                                                               }
-                                                               // If the RR used a wildcard, we need an NSEC/NSEC3 proof, which we
-                                                               // check for at the end. Note that the proof should be for the
-                                                               // "next closest" name, i.e. if the name here is a.b.c and it was
-                                                               // signed as *.c, we want a proof for nothing being in b.c.
-                                                               // Alternatively, if it was signed as *.b.c, we'd want a proof for
-                                                               // a.b.c.
-                                                               let proof_name = rrsig.name.trailing_n_labels(rrsig.labels + 1)
-                                                                       .ok_or(ValidationError::Invalid)?;
-                                                               rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs.push((proof_name, &rrsig.key_name, rrsig.ty));
-                                                       }
-                                                       for record in signed_records {
-                                                               if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
-                                                       }
-                                               },
-                                       }
+                       rrsig_sets_validated += 1;
+                       if rrsig_sets_validated > MAX_PROOF_STEPS {
+                               return Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited);
+                       }
+
+                       if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+                       let signed_records = inp.iter()
+                               .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
+                       match verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect()) {
+                               Ok(()) => {},
+                               Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) => continue,
+                               Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited) => {
+                                       debug_assert!(false, "verify_rrsig doesn't internally limit");
+                                       return Err(ValidationError::ValidationCountLimited);
+                               },
+                               Err(ValidationError::Invalid) => {
+                                       // If a signature is invalid, just immediately fail, avoiding KeyTrap issues.
+                                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
                                }
-                               continue 'next_zone;
-                       } else if dnskeys_verified == Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) {
-                               // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't supprt
-                               // and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are no more,
-                               // return UnsupportedAlgorithm
-                               found_unsupported_alg = true;
-                       } else {
-                               // We don't explicitly handle invalid signatures here, instead we move on to the
-                               // next RRSig (if there is one) and return `Invalid` if no `RRSig`s match.
+                       }
+                       latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
+                       earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
+                       min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
+                       match rrsig.ty {
+                               // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
+                               RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
+                               DS::TYPE => {
+                                       if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.as_str()) {
+                                               pending_ds_sets.push((
+                                                       &rrsig.name,
+                                                       signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
+                                                               if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
+                                                               else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
+                                               ));
+                                       }
+                               },
+                               _ => {
+                                       if rrsig.labels != rrsig.name.labels() && rrsig.ty != NSec::TYPE {
+                                               if rrsig.ty == NSec3::TYPE {
+                                                       // NSEC3 records should never appear on wildcards, so treat the
+                                                       // whole proof as invalid
+                                                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
+                                               }
+                                               // If the RR used a wildcard, we need an NSEC/NSEC3 proof, which we
+                                               // check for at the end. Note that the proof should be for the
+                                               // "next closest" name, i.e. if the name here is a.b.c and it was
+                                               // signed as *.c, we want a proof for nothing being in b.c.
+                                               // Alternatively, if it was signed as *.b.c, we'd want a proof for
+                                               // a.b.c.
+                                               let proof_name = rrsig.name.trailing_n_labels(rrsig.labels + 1)
+                                                       .ok_or(ValidationError::Invalid)?;
+                                               rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs.push((proof_name, &rrsig.key_name, rrsig.ty));
+                                       }
+                                       for record in signed_records {
+                                               if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
+                                       }
+                               },
                        }
                }
-               // No RRSigs were able to verify our DnsKey set
-               if found_unsupported_alg {
-                       return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm);
-               } else {
-                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
-               }
+               continue 'next_zone;
        }
        if res.is_empty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
        if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                        .filter(|nsec| nsec.name.ends_with(zone.as_str()));
                for nsec in nsec_search {
                        let name_matches = nsec.name.as_str() == name;
-                       let name_contained = nsec_ord(&nsec.name,  &name) != Ordering::Greater &&
+                       let name_contained = nsec_ord(&nsec.name,  name) != Ordering::Greater &&
                                nsec_ord(&nsec.next_name, name) == Ordering::Greater;
                        if (name_matches && !nsec.types.contains_type(ty)) || name_contained {
                                rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs
@@ -455,7 +461,7 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                        { continue; }
 
                        let mut hasher = crypto::hash::Hasher::sha1();
-                       write_name(&mut hasher, &name);
+                       write_name(&mut hasher, name);
                        hasher.update(&nsec3.salt);
                        for _ in 0..nsec3.hash_iterations {
                                let res = hasher.finish();
@@ -485,7 +491,7 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                                hash
                        } else { continue };
 
-                       let (start_hash_base32, _) = nsec3.name.split_once(".")
+                       let (start_hash_base32, _) = nsec3.name.split_once('.')
                                .unwrap_or_else(|| { debug_assert!(false); ("", "")});
                        let start_hash = if let Ok(start_hash) = base32::decode(start_hash_base32) {
                                start_hash
@@ -504,6 +510,8 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
        }
 
+       res.retain(|rr| rr.ty() != NSec::TYPE && rr.ty() != NSec3::TYPE);
+
        Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
                verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
                max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
@@ -548,7 +556,7 @@ impl<'a> VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
                                continue;
                        }
 
-                       return self.verified_rrs.iter().filter(|rr| rr.name() == name).map(|rr| *rr).collect();
+                       return self.verified_rrs.iter().filter(|rr| rr.name() == name).copied().collect();
                }
        }
 }
@@ -580,7 +588,7 @@ mod tests {
                        signature: base64::decode("GIgwndRLXgt7GX/JNEqSvpYw5ij6EgeQivdC/hmNNuOd2MCQRSxZx2DdLZUoK0tmn2XmOd0vYP06DgkIMUpIXcBstw/Um55WQhvBkBTPIhuB3UvKYJstmq+8hFHWVJwKHTg9xu38JA43VgCV2AbzurbzNOLSgq+rDPelRXzpLr5aYE3y+EuvL+I5gusm4MMajnp5S+ioWOL+yWOnQE6XKoDmlrfcTrYfRSxRtJewPmGeCbNdwEUBOoLUVdkCjQG4uFykcKL40cY8EOhVmM3kXAyuPuNe2Xz1QrIcVad/U4FDns+hd8+W+sWnr8QAtIUFT5pBjXooGS02m6eMdSeU6g==").unwrap(),
                };
                let root_hints = root_hints();
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
                (dnskeys, rrs)
        }
@@ -609,7 +617,7 @@ mod tests {
                        expiration: 1710342155, inception: 1709045855, key_tag: 19718, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
                        signature: base64::decode("lF2B9nXZn0CgytrHH6xB0NTva4G/aWvg/ypnSxJ8+ZXlvR0C4974yB+nd2ZWzWMICs/oPYMKoQHqxVjnGyu8nA==").unwrap(),
                };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![com_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
                        dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
                (dnskeys, rrs)
@@ -642,7 +650,7 @@ mod tests {
                        expiration: 1710689605, inception: 1708871605, key_tag: 46082, key_name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
                        signature: base64::decode("kYxV1z+9Ikxqbr13N+8HFWWnAUcvHkr/dmkdf21mliUhH4cxeYCXC6a95X+YzjYQEQi3fU+S346QBDJkbFYCca5q/TzUdE7ej1B/0uTzhgNrQznm0O6sg6DI3HuqDfZp2oaBQm2C/H4vjkcUW9zxgKP8ON0KKLrZUuYelGazeGSOscjDDlmuNMD7tHhFrmK9BiiX+8sp8Cl+IE5ArP+CPXsII+P+R2QTmTqw5ovJch2FLRMRqCliEzTR/IswBI3FfegZR8h9xJ0gfyD2rDqf6lwJhD1K0aS5wxia+bgzpRIKwiGfP87GDYzkygHr83QbmZS2YG1nxlnQ2rgkqTGgXA==").unwrap(),
                };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![ninja_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
                        dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskeys[2].clone().into(),
                        dnskey_rrsig.into()];
@@ -676,7 +684,7 @@ mod tests {
                        expiration:1710262250, inception: 1709047250, key_tag: 25630, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
                        signature: base64::decode("dMLDvNU96m+tfgpDIQPxMBJy7T0xyZDj3Wws4b4E6+g3nt5iULdWJ8Eqrj+86KLerOVt7KH4h/YcHP18hHdMGA==").unwrap(),
                };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![mattcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
                        dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskeys[2].clone().into(),
                        dnskey_rrsig.into()];
@@ -721,7 +729,7 @@ mod tests {
                        expiration: 1709947337, inception: 1708732337, key_tag: 63175, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
                        signature: base64::decode("Y3To5FZoZuBDUMtIBZXqzRtufyRqOlDqbHVcoZQitXxerCgNQ1CsVdmoFVMmZqRV5n4itINX2x+9G/31j410og==").unwrap(),
                };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &bitcoin_ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &bitcoin_ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![bitcoin_ninja_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
                        dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
                (dnskeys, rrs)
@@ -887,7 +895,7 @@ mod tests {
                        key_tag: 8036, key_name: "nsec_tests.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
                        signature: base64::decode("nX+hkH14Kvjp26Z8x/pjYh5CQW3p9lZQQ+FVJcKHyfjAilEubpw6ihlPpb3Ddh9BbyxhCEFhXDMG2g4od9Y2ow==").unwrap(),
                };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &bitcoin_ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               verify_dnskeys([&dnskey_rrsig], &bitcoin_ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
                let rrs = vec![bitcoin_ninja_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
                        dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
                (dnskeys, rrs)
@@ -1079,7 +1087,7 @@ mod tests {
                rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
                let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
                verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 5);
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 2);
                if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
                        assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "asdf.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
                        assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
@@ -1098,6 +1106,81 @@ mod tests {
                } else { panic!(); }
        }
 
+       #[test]
+       fn check_simple_nsec_zone_proof() {
+               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
+               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in bitcoin_ninja_nsec_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_nsec_record();
+               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+
+               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
+               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+               let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
+               let filtered_rrs =
+                       verified_rrs.resolve_name(&"a.nsec_tests.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap());
+               assert_eq!(filtered_rrs.len(), 1);
+               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &filtered_rrs[0] {
+                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "a.nsec_tests.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
+                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"txt_a");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_nsec_wildcard_proof() {
+               let check_proof = |pfx: &str, post_override: bool| -> Result<(), ()> {
+                       let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
+                       for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+                       for rr in ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+                       for rr in bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+                       for rr in bitcoin_ninja_nsec_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+                       let (txt, txt_rrsig, nsec, nsec_rrsig) = if post_override {
+                               bitcoin_ninja_nsec_post_override_wildcard_record(pfx)
+                       } else {
+                               bitcoin_ninja_nsec_wildcard_record(pfx)
+                       };
+                       for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+                       for rr in [RR::NSec(nsec), RR::RRSig(nsec_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+
+                       let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
+                       rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+                       // If the post_override flag is wrong (or the pfx is override), this will fail. No
+                       // other calls in this lambda should fail.
+                       let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).map_err(|_| ())?;
+                       let name: Name =
+                               (pfx.to_owned() + ".wildcard_test.nsec_tests.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.").try_into().unwrap();
+                       let filtered_rrs = verified_rrs.resolve_name(&name);
+                       assert_eq!(filtered_rrs.len(), 1);
+                       if let RR::Txt(txt) = &filtered_rrs[0] {
+                               assert_eq!(txt.name, name);
+                               assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
+                       } else { panic!(); }
+                       Ok(())
+               };
+               // Records up to override will only work with the pre-override NSEC, and afterwards with
+               // the post-override NSEC. The literal override will always fail.
+               check_proof("a", false).unwrap();
+               check_proof("a", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("a.b", false).unwrap();
+               check_proof("a.b", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("o", false).unwrap();
+               check_proof("o", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("a.o", false).unwrap();
+               check_proof("a.o", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("override", false).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("override", true).unwrap_err();
+               // Subdomains of override are also overridden by the override TXT entry and cannot use the
+               // wildcard record.
+               check_proof("b.override", false).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("b.override", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("z", false).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("z", true).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("a.z", false).unwrap_err();
+               check_proof("a.z", true).unwrap_err();
+       }
+
        #[test]
        fn check_txt_sort_order() {
                let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();