_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import random
  10 import re
  11 import time
  12 import traceback
  13
  14 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  15 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  16 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  17 from ..compat import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_HTTPError,
  20     compat_kwargs,
  21     compat_parse_qs,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  23     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  24     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  25     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  26     compat_urlparse,
  27     compat_str,
  28 )
  29 from ..utils import (
  30     bool_or_none,
  31     clean_html,
  32     error_to_compat_str,
  33     extract_attributes,
  34     ExtractorError,
  35     float_or_none,
  36     get_element_by_attribute,
  37     get_element_by_id,
  38     int_or_none,
  39     mimetype2ext,
  40     orderedSet,
  41     parse_codecs,
  42     parse_duration,
  43     remove_quotes,
  44     remove_start,
  45     smuggle_url,
  46     str_or_none,
  47     str_to_int,
  48     try_get,
  49     unescapeHTML,
  50     unified_strdate,
  51     unsmuggle_url,
  52     uppercase_escape,
  53     url_or_none,
  54     urlencode_postdata,
  55 )
  56
  57
  58 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  59     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  60     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  61     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  62
  63     _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
  64     _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
  65     _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
  66
  67     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  68     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  69     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  70
  71     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}'
  72
  73     _YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS = {
  74         'x-youtube-client-name': '1',
  75         'x-youtube-client-version': '1.20200609.04.02',
  76     }
  77
  78     def _set_language(self):
  79         self._set_cookie(
  80             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  81             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  82             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  83
  84     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  85         return [
  86             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  87             for vid_id in ids]
  88
  89     def _login(self):
  90         """
  91         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  92         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  93         False is returned if login failed.
  94
  95         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  96         """
  97         username, password = self._get_login_info()
  98         # No authentication to be performed
  99         if username is None:
 100             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is None:
 101                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
 102             return True
 103
 104         login_page = self._download_webpage(
 105             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
 106             note='Downloading login page',
 107             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
 108         if login_page is False:
 109             return
 110
 111         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 112
 113         def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
 114             data = login_form.copy()
 115             data.update({
 116                 'pstMsg': 1,
 117                 'checkConnection': 'youtube',
 118                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 119                 'hl': 'en',
 120                 'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
 121                 'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
 122                 'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
 123                 'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
 124                 # TODO: reverse actual botguard identifier generation algo
 125                 'bgRequest': '["identifier",""]',
 126             })
 127             return self._download_json(
 128                 url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
 129                 transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
 130                 fatal=False,
 131                 data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
 132                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
 133                     'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
 134                 })
 135
 136         def warn(message):
 137             self._downloader.report_warning(message)
 138
 139         lookup_req = [
 140             username,
 141             None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
 142             [
 143                 None, None,
 144                 [2, 1, None, 1,
 145                  'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
 146                  None, [], 4],
 147                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 148             ],
 149             username,
 150         ]
 151
 152         lookup_results = req(
 153             self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
 154             'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
 155
 156         if lookup_results is False:
 157             return False
 158
 159         user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
 160         if not user_hash:
 161             warn('Unable to extract user hash')
 162             return False
 163
 164         challenge_req = [
 165             user_hash,
 166             None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
 167             [
 168                 None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
 169                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 170             ]]
 171
 172         challenge_results = req(
 173             self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
 174             'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
 175
 176         if challenge_results is False:
 177             return
 178
 179         login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 180         if login_res:
 181             login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 182             warn(
 183                 'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
 184                 if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
 185             return False
 186
 187         res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
 188         if not res:
 189             warn('Unable to extract result entry')
 190             return False
 191
 192         login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
 193         if login_challenge:
 194             challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 195             if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
 196                 # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
 197                 # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
 198                 status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 199                 if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
 200                     warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
 201                     return False
 202
 203                 tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
 204                 if not tl:
 205                     warn('Unable to extract TL')
 206                     return False
 207
 208                 tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 209
 210                 if not tfa_code:
 211                     warn(
 212                         'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 213                         '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 214                     return False
 215
 216                 tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 217
 218                 tfa_req = [
 219                     user_hash, None, 2, None,
 220                     [
 221                         9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
 222                         [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
 223                     ]]
 224
 225                 tfa_results = req(
 226                     self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
 227                     'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
 228
 229                 if tfa_results is False:
 230                     return False
 231
 232                 tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 233                 if tfa_res:
 234                     tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 235                     warn(
 236                         'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
 237                         if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
 238                     return False
 239
 240                 check_cookie_url = try_get(
 241                     tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
 242             else:
 243                 CHALLENGES = {
 244                     'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 245                     'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
 246                     'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 247                 }
 248                 challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
 249                     challenge_str,
 250                     '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
 251                 warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
 252                 return False
 253         else:
 254             check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 255
 256         if not check_cookie_url:
 257             warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
 258             return False
 259
 260         check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
 261             check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
 262
 263         if check_cookie_results is False:
 264             return False
 265
 266         if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
 267             warn('Unable to log in')
 268             return False
 269
 270         return True
 271
 272     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
 273         query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
 274         query['disable_polymer'] = 'true'
 275         kwargs['query'] = query
 276         return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
 277             *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
 278
 279     def _real_initialize(self):
 280         if self._downloader is None:
 281             return
 282         self._set_language()
 283         if not self._login():
 284             return
 285
 286
 287 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 288     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 289     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 290         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 291         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 292             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 293                 yield entry
 294
 295             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 296             if not mobj:
 297                 break
 298
 299             count = 0
 300             retries = 3
 301             while count <= retries:
 302                 try:
 303                     # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
 304                     # that is usually worked around with a retry
 305                     more = self._download_json(
 306                         'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 307                         'Downloading page #%s%s'
 308                         % (page_num, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''),
 309                         transform_source=uppercase_escape,
 310                         headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
 311                     break
 312                 except ExtractorError as e:
 313                     if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503):
 314                         count += 1
 315                         if count <= retries:
 316                             continue
 317                     raise
 318
 319             content_html = more['content_html']
 320             if not content_html.strip():
 321                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 322                 # have more videos
 323                 break
 324             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 325
 326
 327 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 328     def _process_page(self, content):
 329         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 330             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 331
 332     def extract_videos_from_page_impl(self, video_re, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page):
 333         for mobj in re.finditer(video_re, page):
 334             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 335             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 336                 continue
 337             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 338             video_title = unescapeHTML(
 339                 mobj.group('title')) if 'title' in mobj.groupdict() else None
 340             if video_title:
 341                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 342             if video_title == '► Play all':
 343                 video_title = None
 344             try:
 345                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 346                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 347                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 348             except ValueError:
 349                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 350                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 351
 352     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 353         ids_in_page = []
 354         titles_in_page = []
 355         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
 356             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 357         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 358
 359
 360 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 361     def _process_page(self, content):
 362         for playlist_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
 363                 r'<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*><a[^>]+href="/?playlist\?list=([0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})"',
 364                 content)):
 365             yield self.url_result(
 366                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 367
 368     def _real_extract(self, url):
 369         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 370         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 371         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 372         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 373
 374
 375 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 376     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 377     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 378                      (
 379                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 380                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com/|
 381                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 382                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 383                             (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com/|
 384                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 385                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 386                             # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/omarroth/invidious/wiki/Invidious-Instances
 387                             (?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us/|
 388                             (?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh/|
 389                             (?:(?:www|fi|de)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org/|
 390                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk/|
 391                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 392                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host/|
 393                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz/|
 394                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr/|
 395                             (?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co/|
 396                             (?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx/|
 397                             (?:www\.)?yewtu\.be/|
 398                             (?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org/|
 399                             (?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi/|
 400                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de/|
 401                             (?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh/|
 402                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 403                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln/|
 404                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr/|
 405                             (?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com/|
 406                             (?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion/|
 407                             (?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion/|
 408                             (?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion/|
 409                             (?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion/|
 410                             (?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion/|
 411                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion/|
 412                             (?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p/|
 413                             (?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion/|
 414                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 415                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 416                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 417                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 418                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 419                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 420                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 421                                  (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
 422                                  v=
 423                              )
 424                          ))
 425                          |(?:
 426                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 427                             vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
 428                             zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
 429                          )/
 430                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 431                          )
 432                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 433                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 434                      (?!.*?\blist=
 435                         (?:
 436                             %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 437                             WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
 438                         )
 439                      )
 440                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 441                      $""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
 442     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 443     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
 444         r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?/base\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 445         r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 446     )
 447     _formats = {
 448         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 449         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 450         '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 451         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 452         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 453         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 454         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 455         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 456         # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
 457         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 458         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 459         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 460         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 461         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 462         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 463         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 464         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 465         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 466
 467
 468         # 3D videos
 469         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 470         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 471         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 472         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 473         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 474         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 475         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 476
 477         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 478         '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 479         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 480         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 481         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 482         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 483         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 484         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 485         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 486
 487         # DASH mp4 video
 488         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 489         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 490         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 491         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 492         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 493         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 494         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 495         '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 496         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 497         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 498         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 499         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 500
 501         # Dash mp4 audio
 502         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 503         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 504         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 505         '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 506         '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 507         '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 508         '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 509
 510         # Dash webm
 511         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 512         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 513         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 514         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 515         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 516         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 517         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 518         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 519         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 520         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 521         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 522         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 523         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 524         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 525         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 526         # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
 527         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 528         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 529         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 530         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 531         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 532         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 533
 534         # Dash webm audio
 535         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
 536         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
 537
 538         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 539         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
 540         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
 541         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
 542
 543         # RTMP (unnamed)
 544         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 545
 546         # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
 547         '394': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 548         '395': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 549         '396': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 550         '397': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 551     }
 552     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 553
 554     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 555
 556     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 557     _TESTS = [
 558         {
 559             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
 560             'info_dict': {
 561                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 562                 'ext': 'mp4',
 563                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 564                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 565                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 566                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 567                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 568                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 569                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 570                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 571                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 572                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 573                 'duration': 10,
 574                 'view_count': int,
 575                 'like_count': int,
 576                 'dislike_count': int,
 577                 'start_time': 1,
 578                 'end_time': 9,
 579             }
 580         },
 581         {
 582             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 583             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 584             'info_dict': {
 585                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 586                 'ext': 'mp4',
 587                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 588                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 589                 'alt_title': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 590                 'description': 'md5:19a2f98d9032b9311e686ed039564f63',
 591                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 592                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 593                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 594                 'duration': 180,
 595                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 596                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 597                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IconaPop',
 598                 'creator': 'Icona Pop',
 599                 'track': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 600                 'artist': 'Icona Pop',
 601             }
 602         },
 603         {
 604             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 605             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 606             'info_dict': {
 607                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 608                 'ext': 'mp4',
 609                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 610                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Official Music Video) (Explicit)',
 611                 'alt_title': 'Tunnel Vision',
 612                 'description': 'md5:07dab3356cde4199048e4c7cd93471e1',
 613                 'duration': 419,
 614                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 615                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 616                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/justintimberlakeVEVO',
 617                 'creator': 'Justin Timberlake',
 618                 'track': 'Tunnel Vision',
 619                 'artist': 'Justin Timberlake',
 620                 'age_limit': 18,
 621             }
 622         },
 623         {
 624             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 625             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 626             'info_dict': {
 627                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 628                 'ext': 'mp4',
 629                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 630                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 631                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 632                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 633                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 634                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
 635                 'age_limit': 18,
 636             }
 637         },
 638         {
 639             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 640             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 641             'info_dict': {
 642                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 643                 'ext': 'mp4',
 644                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 645                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 646                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 647                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 648                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 649                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 650                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 651                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 652                 'duration': 10,
 653                 'view_count': int,
 654                 'like_count': int,
 655                 'dislike_count': int,
 656             },
 657             'params': {
 658                 'skip_download': True,
 659             },
 660         },
 661         {
 662             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 663             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 664             'info_dict': {
 665                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 666                 'ext': 'm4a',
 667                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 668                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 669                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
 670                 'description': '',
 671                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 672                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 673             },
 674             'params': {
 675                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 676                 'format': '141',
 677             },
 678             'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
 679         },
 680         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 681         {
 682             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 683             'info_dict': {
 684                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 685                 'ext': 'm4a',
 686                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
 687                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
 688                 'duration': 244,
 689                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 690                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 691                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 692             },
 693             'params': {
 694                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 695                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 696             },
 697         },
 698         # JS player signature function name containing $
 699         {
 700             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 701             'info_dict': {
 702                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 703                 'ext': 'm4a',
 704                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 705                 'description': 'md5:307195cd21ff7fa352270fe884570ef0',
 706                 'duration': 242,
 707                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 708                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 709                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 710             },
 711             'params': {
 712                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 713                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 714             },
 715         },
 716         # Controversy video
 717         {
 718             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 719             'info_dict': {
 720                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 721                 'ext': 'mp4',
 722                 'duration': 219,
 723                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 724                 'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
 725                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 726                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
 727                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 728                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 729             }
 730         },
 731         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 732         {
 733             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 734             'info_dict': {
 735                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 736                 'ext': 'mp4',
 737                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 738                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 739                 'duration': 142,
 740                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 741                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 742                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
 743                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 744                 'age_limit': 18,
 745             },
 746         },
 747         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 748         {
 749             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 750             'info_dict': {
 751                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 752                 'ext': 'mp4',
 753                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 754                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 755                 'duration': 246,
 756                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 757                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 758                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/LloydVEVO',
 759                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 760                 'age_limit': 18,
 761             },
 762         },
 763         # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 764         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
 765         {
 766             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 767             'info_dict': {
 768                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 769                 'ext': 'mp4',
 770                 'duration': 266,
 771                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 772                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 773                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
 774                 'creator': 'Dada Life, deadmau5',
 775                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 776                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 777                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 778                 'alt_title': 'This Machine Kills Some Chords',
 779             },
 780             'expected_warnings': [
 781                 'DASH manifest missing',
 782             ]
 783         },
 784         # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 785         {
 786             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 787             'info_dict': {
 788                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 789                 'ext': 'mp4',
 790                 'duration': 6085,
 791                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 792                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 793                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
 794                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 795                 'uploader': 'Olympic',
 796                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 797             },
 798             'params': {
 799                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 800             }
 801         },
 802         # Non-square pixels
 803         {
 804             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 805             'info_dict': {
 806                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 807                 'ext': 'mp4',
 808                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 809                 'duration': 85,
 810                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 811                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 812                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
 813                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 814                 'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
 815                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 816             },
 817         },
 818         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 819         {
 820             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 821             'info_dict': {
 822                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 823                 'ext': 'webm',
 824                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 825                 'description': '',
 826                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 827                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 828                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 829             },
 830             'params': {
 831                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 832             },
 833             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 834         },
 835         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 836         {
 837             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 838             'info_dict': {
 839                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 840                 'ext': 'webm',
 841                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 842                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 843                 'duration': 220,
 844                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 845                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 846                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
 847                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 848                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
 849             },
 850             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
 851         },
 852         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 853         {
 854             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 855             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 856             'info_dict': {
 857                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 858                 'ext': 'mp4',
 859                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 860                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 861                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 862                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 863                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 864             },
 865             'params': {
 866                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 867                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 868             },
 869             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 870         },
 871         {
 872             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 873             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 874             'info_dict': {
 875                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 876                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 877                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 878             },
 879             'playlist': [{
 880                 'info_dict': {
 881                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 882                     'ext': 'mp4',
 883                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 884                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 885                     'duration': 7335,
 886                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 887                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 888                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 889                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 890                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 891                 },
 892             }, {
 893                 'info_dict': {
 894                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 895                     'ext': 'mp4',
 896                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 897                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 898                     'duration': 7337,
 899                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 900                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 901                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 902                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 903                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 904                 },
 905             }, {
 906                 'info_dict': {
 907                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 908                     'ext': 'mp4',
 909                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 910                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 911                     'duration': 7337,
 912                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 913                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 914                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 915                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 916                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 917                 },
 918             }, {
 919                 'info_dict': {
 920                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 921                     'ext': 'mp4',
 922                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 923                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 924                     'duration': 7334,
 925                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 926                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 927                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 928                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 929                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 930                 },
 931             }],
 932             'params': {
 933                 'skip_download': True,
 934             },
 935             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 936         },
 937         {
 938             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
 939             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
 940             'info_dict': {
 941                 'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
 942                 'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
 943             },
 944             'playlist_count': 2,
 945             'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
 946         },
 947         {
 948             'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 949             'only_matching': True,
 950         },
 951         {
 952             'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
 953             'only_matching': True,
 954         },
 955         {
 956             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 957             # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
 958             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
 959             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
 960             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 961             'info_dict': {
 962                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 963                 'ext': 'mp4',
 964                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 965                 'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 966                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 967                 'duration': 133,
 968                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 969                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 970                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
 971                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 972                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 973                 'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 974                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 975                 'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
 976             },
 977             'params': {
 978                 'skip_download': True,
 979             },
 980         },
 981         {
 982             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 983             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 984             'only_matching': True,
 985         },
 986         {
 987             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 988             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 989             'info_dict': {
 990                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 991                 'ext': 'mp4',
 992                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 993                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 994                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 995                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 996                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 997             },
 998             'params': {
 999                 'skip_download': True,
1000             },
1001             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
1002         },
1003         {
1004             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
1005             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
1006             'info_dict': {
1007                 'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
1008                 'ext': 'mp4',
1009                 'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
1010                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
1011                 'duration': 721,
1012                 'upload_date': '20150127',
1013                 'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
1014                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
1015                 'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
1016                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1017             },
1018             'params': {
1019                 'skip_download': True,
1020             },
1021         },
1022         {
1023             # Channel-like uploader_url
1024             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
1025             'info_dict': {
1026                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
1027                 'ext': 'mp4',
1028                 'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
1029                 'description': 'md5:dda0d780d5a6e120758d1711d062a867',
1030                 'duration': 4060,
1031                 'upload_date': '20151119',
1032                 'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
1033                 'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1034                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1035                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1036             },
1037             'params': {
1038                 'skip_download': True,
1039             },
1040         },
1041         {
1042             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
1043             'only_matching': True,
1044         },
1045         {
1046             # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
1047             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
1048             'only_matching': True,
1049         },
1050         {
1051             # Rental video preview
1052             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
1053             'info_dict': {
1054                 'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
1055                 'ext': 'mp4',
1056                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
1057                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
1058                 'upload_date': '20150811',
1059                 'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
1060                 'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
1061                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
1062                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
1063             },
1064             'params': {
1065                 'skip_download': True,
1066             },
1067             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
1068         },
1069         {
1070             # YouTube Red video with episode data
1071             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
1072             'info_dict': {
1073                 'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
1074                 'ext': 'mp4',
1075                 'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
1076                 'description': 'md5:46a29be4ceffa65b92d277b93f463c0f',
1077                 'duration': 2085,
1078                 'upload_date': '20170118',
1079                 'uploader': 'Vsauce',
1080                 'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
1081                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
1082                 'series': 'Mind Field',
1083                 'season_number': 1,
1084                 'episode_number': 1,
1085             },
1086             'params': {
1087                 'skip_download': True,
1088             },
1089             'expected_warnings': [
1090                 'Skipping DASH manifest',
1091             ],
1092         },
1093         {
1094             # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
1095             # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
1096             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
1097             'info_dict': {
1098                 'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
1099                 'ext': 'mp4',
1100                 'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
1101                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
1102                 'duration': 965,
1103                 'upload_date': '20140124',
1104                 'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
1105                 'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1106                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1107             },
1108             'params': {
1109                 'skip_download': True,
1110             },
1111         },
1112         {
1113             # itag 212
1114             'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
1115             'only_matching': True,
1116         },
1117         {
1118             # geo restricted to JP
1119             'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
1120             'only_matching': True,
1121         },
1122         {
1123             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
1124             'only_matching': True,
1125         },
1126         {
1127             'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
1128             'only_matching': True,
1129         },
1130         {
1131             # DRM protected
1132             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
1133             'only_matching': True,
1134         },
1135         {
1136             # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
1137             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1138             'info_dict': {
1139                 'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1140                 'ext': 'mp4',
1141                 'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
1142                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
1143                 'duration': 433,
1144                 'upload_date': '20130923',
1145                 'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
1146                 'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1147                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1148                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
1149             },
1150             'params': {
1151                 'skip_download': True,
1152                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
1153             },
1154             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
1155         },
1156         {
1157             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1158             'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
1159             'info_dict': {
1160                 'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
1161                 'ext': 'mp4',
1162                 'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
1163                 'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
1164                 'upload_date': '20190312',
1165                 'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
1166                 'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
1167                 'artist': 'Stephen',
1168                 'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
1169                 'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
1170                 'release_date': '20190313',
1171                 'release_year': 2019,
1172             },
1173             'params': {
1174                 'skip_download': True,
1175             },
1176         },
1177         {
1178             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1179             # Retrieve 'artist' field from 'Artist:' in video description
1180             # when it is present on youtube music video
1181             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0jLE7tTwjY',
1182             'info_dict': {
1183                 'id': 'k0jLE7tTwjY',
1184                 'ext': 'mp4',
1185                 'title': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1186                 'description': 'md5:3cb1e8101a7c85fcba9b4fb41b951335',
1187                 'upload_date': '20150110',
1188                 'uploader': 'Various Artists - Topic',
1189                 'uploader_id': 'UCNkEcmYdjrH4RqtNgh7BZ9w',
1190                 'artist': 'Disclosure',
1191                 'track': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1192                 'album': 'Latch Featuring Sam Smith',
1193                 'release_date': '20121008',
1194                 'release_year': 2012,
1195             },
1196             'params': {
1197                 'skip_download': True,
1198             },
1199         },
1200         {
1201             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1202             # handle multiple artists on youtube music video
1203             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74qn0eJSjpA',
1204             'info_dict': {
1205                 'id': '74qn0eJSjpA',
1206                 'ext': 'mp4',
1207                 'title': 'Eastside',
1208                 'description': 'md5:290516bb73dcbfab0dcc4efe6c3de5f2',
1209                 'upload_date': '20180710',
1210                 'uploader': 'Benny Blanco - Topic',
1211                 'uploader_id': 'UCzqz_ksRu_WkIzmivMdIS7A',
1212                 'artist': 'benny blanco, Halsey, Khalid',
1213                 'track': 'Eastside',
1214                 'album': 'Eastside',
1215                 'release_date': '20180713',
1216                 'release_year': 2018,
1217             },
1218             'params': {
1219                 'skip_download': True,
1220             },
1221         },
1222         {
1223             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1224             # handle youtube music video with release_year and no release_date
1225             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hcAI0g-f5M',
1226             'info_dict': {
1227                 'id': '-hcAI0g-f5M',
1228                 'ext': 'mp4',
1229                 'title': 'Put It On Me',
1230                 'description': 'md5:f6422397c07c4c907c6638e1fee380a5',
1231                 'upload_date': '20180426',
1232                 'uploader': 'Matt Maeson - Topic',
1233                 'uploader_id': 'UCnEkIGqtGcQMLk73Kp-Q5LQ',
1234                 'artist': 'Matt Maeson',
1235                 'track': 'Put It On Me',
1236                 'album': 'The Hearse',
1237                 'release_date': None,
1238                 'release_year': 2018,
1239             },
1240             'params': {
1241                 'skip_download': True,
1242             },
1243         },
1244         {
1245             'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
1246             'only_matching': True,
1247         },
1248         {
1249             # invalid -> valid video id redirection
1250             'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
1251             'info_dict': {
1252                 'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
1253                 'ext': 'mp4',
1254                 'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
1255                 'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
1256                 'upload_date': '20090125',
1257                 'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
1258                 'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
1259                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
1260                 'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
1261                 'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
1262                 'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
1263             },
1264             'params': {
1265                 'skip_download': True,
1266             },
1267         }
1268     ]
1269
1270     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
1271         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
1272         self._player_cache = {}
1273
1274     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
1275         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
1276         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
1277
1278     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
1279         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
1280         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
1281
1282     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
1283         """Report extracted video URL."""
1284         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
1285
1286     def report_rtmp_download(self):
1287         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
1288         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
1289
1290     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
1291         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
1292         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
1293
1294     @classmethod
1295     def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
1296         for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
1297             id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
1298             if id_m:
1299                 break
1300         else:
1301             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
1302         return id_m.group('ext'), id_m.group('id')
1303
1304     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
1305         player_type, player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
1306
1307         # Read from filesystem cache
1308         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
1309             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
1310         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
1311
1312         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
1313         if cache_spec is not None:
1314             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
1315
1316         download_note = (
1317             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
1318             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
1319             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
1320         )
1321         if player_type == 'js':
1322             code = self._download_webpage(
1323                 player_url, video_id,
1324                 note=download_note,
1325                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1326             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
1327         elif player_type == 'swf':
1328             urlh = self._request_webpage(
1329                 player_url, video_id,
1330                 note=download_note,
1331                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1332             code = urlh.read()
1333             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
1334         else:
1335             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
1336
1337         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1338         cache_res = res(test_string)
1339         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1340
1341         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
1342         return res
1343
1344     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
1345         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
1346             def _genslice(start, end, step):
1347                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
1348                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
1349                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
1350                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
1351
1352             step = None
1353             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
1354             start = '(Never used)'
1355             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
1356                 if step is not None:
1357                     if i - prev == step:
1358                         continue
1359                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
1360                     step = None
1361                     continue
1362                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
1363                     step = i - prev
1364                     start = prev
1365                     continue
1366                 else:
1367                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
1368             if step is None:
1369                 yield 's[%d]' % i
1370             else:
1371                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
1372
1373         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1374         cache_res = func(test_string)
1375         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1376         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
1377         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
1378             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
1379         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
1380                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
1381         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
1382
1383     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
1384         funcname = self._search_regex(
1385             (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1386              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1387              r'\b(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1388              r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1389              # Obsolete patterns
1390              r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1391              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1392              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1393              r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1394              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1395              r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1396              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1397              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
1398             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
1399
1400         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
1401         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
1402         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1403
1404     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
1405         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
1406         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
1407         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
1408         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
1409         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1410
1411     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
1412         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
1413
1414         if player_url is None:
1415             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
1416
1417         if player_url.startswith('//'):
1418             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
1419         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
1420             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1421                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
1422         try:
1423             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
1424             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
1425                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
1426                     video_id, player_url, s
1427                 )
1428                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
1429             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
1430             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
1431                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
1432             return func(s)
1433         except Exception as e:
1434             tb = traceback.format_exc()
1435             raise ExtractorError(
1436                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
1437
1438     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1439         try:
1440             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
1441                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1442                 video_id, note=False)
1443         except ExtractorError as err:
1444             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1445             return {}
1446
1447         sub_lang_list = {}
1448         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
1449             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
1450             if lang in sub_lang_list:
1451                 continue
1452             sub_formats = []
1453             for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1454                 params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1455                     'lang': lang,
1456                     'v': video_id,
1457                     'fmt': ext,
1458                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
1459                 })
1460                 sub_formats.append({
1461                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
1462                     'ext': ext,
1463                 })
1464             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
1465         if not sub_lang_list:
1466             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1467             return {}
1468         return sub_lang_list
1469
1470     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
1471         patterns = (
1472             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
1473             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
1474             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
1475             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
1476             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
1477             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
1478             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
1479             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
1480             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
1481         )
1482         config = self._search_regex(
1483             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
1484         if config:
1485             return self._parse_json(
1486                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
1487
1488     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
1489         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1490            argument to speed up the process."""
1491         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1492         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
1493         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1494         if not player_config:
1495             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1496             return {}
1497         try:
1498             args = player_config['args']
1499             caption_url = args.get('ttsurl')
1500             if caption_url:
1501                 timestamp = args['timestamp']
1502                 # We get the available subtitles
1503                 list_params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1504                     'type': 'list',
1505                     'tlangs': 1,
1506                     'asrs': 1,
1507                 })
1508                 list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1509                 caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1510                 original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1511                 if original_lang_node is None:
1512                     self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1513                     return {}
1514                 original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1515                 caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
1516
1517                 sub_lang_list = {}
1518                 for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1519                     sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1520                     sub_formats = []
1521                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1522                         params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1523                             'lang': original_lang,
1524                             'tlang': sub_lang,
1525                             'fmt': ext,
1526                             'ts': timestamp,
1527                             'kind': caption_kind,
1528                         })
1529                         sub_formats.append({
1530                             'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
1531                             'ext': ext,
1532                         })
1533                     sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1534                 return sub_lang_list
1535
1536             def make_captions(sub_url, sub_langs):
1537                 parsed_sub_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(sub_url)
1538                 caption_qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_sub_url.query)
1539                 captions = {}
1540                 for sub_lang in sub_langs:
1541                     sub_formats = []
1542                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1543                         caption_qs.update({
1544                             'tlang': [sub_lang],
1545                             'fmt': [ext],
1546                         })
1547                         sub_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_sub_url._replace(
1548                             query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(caption_qs, True)))
1549                         sub_formats.append({
1550                             'url': sub_url,
1551                             'ext': ext,
1552                         })
1553                     captions[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1554                 return captions
1555
1556             # New captions format as of 22.06.2017
1557             player_response = args.get('player_response')
1558             if player_response and isinstance(player_response, compat_str):
1559                 player_response = self._parse_json(
1560                     player_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1561                 if player_response:
1562                     renderer = player_response['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
1563                     base_url = renderer['captionTracks'][0]['baseUrl']
1564                     sub_lang_list = []
1565                     for lang in renderer['translationLanguages']:
1566                         lang_code = lang.get('languageCode')
1567                         if lang_code:
1568                             sub_lang_list.append(lang_code)
1569                     return make_captions(base_url, sub_lang_list)
1570
1571             # Some videos don't provide ttsurl but rather caption_tracks and
1572             # caption_translation_languages (e.g. 20LmZk1hakA)
1573             # Does not used anymore as of 22.06.2017
1574             caption_tracks = args['caption_tracks']
1575             caption_translation_languages = args['caption_translation_languages']
1576             caption_url = compat_parse_qs(caption_tracks.split(',')[0])['u'][0]
1577             sub_lang_list = []
1578             for lang in caption_translation_languages.split(','):
1579                 lang_qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(lang))
1580                 sub_lang = lang_qs.get('lc', [None])[0]
1581                 if sub_lang:
1582                     sub_lang_list.append(sub_lang)
1583             return make_captions(caption_url, sub_lang_list)
1584         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1585         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1586         except (KeyError, IndexError, ExtractorError):
1587             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1588             return {}
1589
1590     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, video_info, player_response):
1591         playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
1592             player_response,
1593             lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']) or try_get(
1594             video_info, lambda x: x['videostats_playback_base_url'][0]))
1595         if not playback_url:
1596             return
1597         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
1598         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
1599
1600         # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
1601         # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
1602         CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
1603         cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))
1604
1605         qs.update({
1606             'ver': ['2'],
1607             'cpn': [cpn],
1608         })
1609         playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
1610             parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
1611
1612         self._download_webpage(
1613             playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
1614             'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
1615
1616     @staticmethod
1617     def _extract_urls(webpage):
1618         # Embedded YouTube player
1619         entries = [
1620             unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
1621             for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
1622             (?:
1623                 <iframe[^>]+?src=|
1624                 data-video-url=|
1625                 <embed[^>]+?src=|
1626                 embedSWF\(?:\s*|
1627                 <object[^>]+data=|
1628                 new\s+SWFObject\(
1629             )
1630             (["\'])
1631                 (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1632                 (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
1633             \1''', webpage)]
1634
1635         # lazyYT YouTube embed
1636         entries.extend(list(map(
1637             unescapeHTML,
1638             re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
1639
1640         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
1641         matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
1642             class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
1643             data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
1644         entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
1645
1646         return entries
1647
1648     @staticmethod
1649     def _extract_url(webpage):
1650         urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
1651         return urls[0] if urls else None
1652
1653     @classmethod
1654     def extract_id(cls, url):
1655         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1656         if mobj is None:
1657             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1658         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1659         return video_id
1660
1661     def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, webpage, video_id, duration):
1662         if not webpage:
1663             return
1664         player = self._parse_json(
1665             self._search_regex(
1666                 r'RELATED_PLAYER_ARGS["\']\s*:\s*({.+})\s*,?\s*\n', webpage,
1667                 'player args', default='{}'),
1668             video_id, fatal=False)
1669         if not player or not isinstance(player, dict):
1670             return
1671         watch_next_response = player.get('watch_next_response')
1672         if not isinstance(watch_next_response, compat_str):
1673             return
1674         response = self._parse_json(watch_next_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1675         if not response or not isinstance(response, dict):
1676             return
1677         chapters_list = try_get(
1678             response,
1679             lambda x: x['playerOverlays']
1680                        ['playerOverlayRenderer']
1681                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1682                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1683                        ['playerBar']
1684                        ['chapteredPlayerBarRenderer']
1685                        ['chapters'],
1686             list)
1687         if not chapters_list:
1688             return
1689
1690         def chapter_time(chapter):
1691             return float_or_none(
1692                 try_get(
1693                     chapter,
1694                     lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['timeRangeStartMillis'],
1695                     int),
1696                 scale=1000)
1697         chapters = []
1698         for next_num, chapter in enumerate(chapters_list, start=1):
1699             start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
1700             if start_time is None:
1701                 continue
1702             end_time = (chapter_time(chapters_list[next_num])
1703                         if next_num < len(chapters_list) else duration)
1704             if end_time is None:
1705                 continue
1706             title = try_get(
1707                 chapter, lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['title']['simpleText'],
1708                 compat_str)
1709             chapters.append({
1710                 'start_time': start_time,
1711                 'end_time': end_time,
1712                 'title': title,
1713             })
1714         return chapters
1715
1716     @staticmethod
1717     def _extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration):
1718         if not description:
1719             return None
1720         chapter_lines = re.findall(
1721             r'(?:^|<br\s*/>)([^<]*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']yt\.www\.watch\.player\.seekTo[^>]+>(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?::\d{1,2})?)</a>[^>]*)(?=$|<br\s*/>)',
1722             description)
1723         if not chapter_lines:
1724             return None
1725         chapters = []
1726         for next_num, (chapter_line, time_point) in enumerate(
1727                 chapter_lines, start=1):
1728             start_time = parse_duration(time_point)
1729             if start_time is None:
1730                 continue
1731             if start_time > duration:
1732                 break
1733             end_time = (duration if next_num == len(chapter_lines)
1734                         else parse_duration(chapter_lines[next_num][1]))
1735             if end_time is None:
1736                 continue
1737             if end_time > duration:
1738                 end_time = duration
1739             if start_time > end_time:
1740                 break
1741             chapter_title = re.sub(
1742                 r'<a[^>]+>[^<]+</a>', '', chapter_line).strip(' \t-')
1743             chapter_title = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', chapter_title)
1744             chapters.append({
1745                 'start_time': start_time,
1746                 'end_time': end_time,
1747                 'title': chapter_title,
1748             })
1749         return chapters
1750
1751     def _extract_chapters(self, webpage, description, video_id, duration):
1752         return (self._extract_chapters_from_json(webpage, video_id, duration)
1753                 or self._extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration))
1754
1755     def _real_extract(self, url):
1756         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1757
1758         proto = (
1759             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1760             else 'https')
1761
1762         start_time = None
1763         end_time = None
1764         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1765         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1766             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1767             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1768                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1769             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1770                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1771             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1772                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1773
1774         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1775         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1776         if mobj:
1777             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1778         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1779
1780         # Get video webpage
1781         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1782         video_webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
1783
1784         qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(urlh.geturl()).query)
1785         video_id = qs.get('v', [None])[0] or video_id
1786
1787         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1788         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1789         if mobj is not None:
1790             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1791         else:
1792             player_url = None
1793
1794         dash_mpds = []
1795
1796         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1797             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1798             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1799                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1800
1801         def add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response):
1802             dash_mpd = url_or_none(try_get(
1803                 pl_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['dashManifestUrl'],
1804                 compat_str))
1805             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd not in dash_mpds:
1806                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd)
1807
1808         is_live = None
1809         view_count = None
1810
1811         def extract_view_count(v_info):
1812             return int_or_none(try_get(v_info, lambda x: x['view_count'][0]))
1813
1814         def extract_player_response(player_response, video_id):
1815             pl_response = str_or_none(player_response)
1816             if not pl_response:
1817                 return
1818             pl_response = self._parse_json(pl_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1819             if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1820                 add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response)
1821                 return pl_response
1822
1823         player_response = {}
1824
1825         # Get video info
1826         video_info = {}
1827         embed_webpage = None
1828         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1829             age_gate = True
1830             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1831             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1832             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1833             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1834             data = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1835                 'video_id': video_id,
1836                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1837                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1838                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1839             })
1840             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1841             try:
1842                 video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1843                     video_info_url, video_id,
1844                     note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1845                     errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1846             except ExtractorError:
1847                 video_info_webpage = None
1848             if video_info_webpage:
1849                 video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1850                 pl_response = video_info.get('player_response', [None])[0]
1851                 player_response = extract_player_response(pl_response, video_id)
1852                 add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1853                 view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1854         else:
1855             age_gate = False
1856             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1857             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1858             if ytplayer_config:
1859                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1860                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map') or args.get('hlsvp'):
1861                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1862                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1863                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1864                 # Rental video is not rented but preview is available (e.g.
1865                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg,
1866                 # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10532)
1867                 if not video_info and args.get('ypc_vid'):
1868                     return self.url_result(
1869                         args['ypc_vid'], YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=args['ypc_vid'])
1870                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1871                     is_live = True
1872                 if not player_response:
1873                     player_response = extract_player_response(args.get('player_response'), video_id)
1874             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1875                 add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1876
1877         def extract_unavailable_message():
1878             messages = []
1879             for tag, kind in (('h1', 'message'), ('div', 'submessage')):
1880                 msg = self._html_search_regex(
1881                     r'(?s)<{tag}[^>]+id=["\']unavailable-{kind}["\'][^>]*>(.+?)</{tag}>'.format(tag=tag, kind=kind),
1882                     video_webpage, 'unavailable %s' % kind, default=None)
1883                 if msg:
1884                     messages.append(msg)
1885             if messages:
1886                 return '\n'.join(messages)
1887
1888         if not video_info and not player_response:
1889             unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1890             if not unavailable_message:
1891                 unavailable_message = 'Unable to extract video data'
1892             raise ExtractorError(
1893                 'YouTube said: %s' % unavailable_message, expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1894
1895         if not isinstance(video_info, dict):
1896             video_info = {}
1897
1898         video_details = try_get(
1899             player_response, lambda x: x['videoDetails'], dict) or {}
1900
1901         microformat = try_get(
1902             player_response, lambda x: x['microformat']['playerMicroformatRenderer'], dict) or {}
1903
1904         video_title = video_info.get('title', [None])[0] or video_details.get('title')
1905         if not video_title:
1906             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1907             video_title = '_'
1908
1909         description_original = video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1910         if video_description:
1911
1912             def replace_url(m):
1913                 redir_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, m.group(1))
1914                 parsed_redir_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(redir_url)
1915                 if re.search(r'^(?:www\.)?(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|youtu\.be)$', parsed_redir_url.netloc) and parsed_redir_url.path == '/redirect':
1916                     qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_redir_url.query)
1917                     q = qs.get('q')
1918                     if q and q[0]:
1919                         return q[0]
1920                 return redir_url
1921
1922             description_original = video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1923                 <a\s+
1924                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1925                     (?:title|href)="([^"]+)"\s+
1926                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1927                     class="[^"]*"[^>]*>
1928                 [^<]+\.{3}\s*
1929                 </a>
1930             ''', replace_url, video_description)
1931             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1932         else:
1933             video_description = self._html_search_meta('description', video_webpage) or video_details.get('shortDescription')
1934
1935         if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1936             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1937                 multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
1938                     player_response,
1939                     lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
1940                     compat_str) or try_get(
1941                     video_info, lambda x: x['multifeed_metadata_list'][0], compat_str)
1942                 if multifeed_metadata_list:
1943                     entries = []
1944                     feed_ids = []
1945                     for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1946                         # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
1947                         # fields may contain comma as well (see
1948                         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
1949                         feed_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
1950
1951                         def feed_entry(name):
1952                             return try_get(feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
1953
1954                         feed_id = feed_entry('id')
1955                         if not feed_id:
1956                             continue
1957                         feed_title = feed_entry('title')
1958                         title = video_title
1959                         if feed_title:
1960                             title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
1961                         entries.append({
1962                             '_type': 'url_transparent',
1963                             'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1964                             'url': smuggle_url(
1965                                 '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1966                                 {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1967                             'title': title,
1968                         })
1969                         feed_ids.append(feed_id)
1970                     self.to_screen(
1971                         'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1972                         % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1973                     return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1974             else:
1975                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1976
1977         if view_count is None:
1978             view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1979         if view_count is None and video_details:
1980             view_count = int_or_none(video_details.get('viewCount'))
1981         if view_count is None and microformat:
1982             view_count = int_or_none(microformat.get('viewCount'))
1983
1984         if is_live is None:
1985             is_live = bool_or_none(video_details.get('isLive'))
1986
1987         # Check for "rental" videos
1988         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1989             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported. See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/359 for more information.', expected=True)
1990
1991         def _extract_filesize(media_url):
1992             return int_or_none(self._search_regex(
1993                 r'\bclen[=/](\d+)', media_url, 'filesize', default=None))
1994
1995         streaming_formats = try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['formats'], list) or []
1996         streaming_formats.extend(try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['adaptiveFormats'], list) or [])
1997
1998         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1999             self.report_rtmp_download()
2000             formats = [{
2001                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
2002                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
2003                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
2004                 'player_url': player_url,
2005             }]
2006         elif not is_live and (streaming_formats or len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1):
2007             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
2008             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
2009                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
2010             formats = []
2011             formats_spec = {}
2012             fmt_list = video_info.get('fmt_list', [''])[0]
2013             if fmt_list:
2014                 for fmt in fmt_list.split(','):
2015                     spec = fmt.split('/')
2016                     if len(spec) > 1:
2017                         width_height = spec[1].split('x')
2018                         if len(width_height) == 2:
2019                             formats_spec[spec[0]] = {
2020                                 'resolution': spec[1],
2021                                 'width': int_or_none(width_height[0]),
2022                                 'height': int_or_none(width_height[1]),
2023                             }
2024             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2025                 itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
2026                 if not itag:
2027                     continue
2028                 quality = fmt.get('quality')
2029                 quality_label = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality
2030                 formats_spec[itag] = {
2031                     'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
2032                     'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
2033                     'format_note': quality_label,
2034                     'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
2035                     'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
2036                     # bitrate for itag 43 is always 2147483647
2037                     'tbr': float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000) if itag != '43' else None,
2038                     'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
2039                 }
2040
2041             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2042                 if fmt.get('drmFamilies') or fmt.get('drm_families'):
2043                     continue
2044                 url = url_or_none(fmt.get('url'))
2045
2046                 if not url:
2047                     cipher = fmt.get('cipher') or fmt.get('signatureCipher')
2048                     if not cipher:
2049                         continue
2050                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(cipher)
2051                     url = url_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['url'][0], compat_str))
2052                     if not url:
2053                         continue
2054                 else:
2055                     cipher = None
2056                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
2057
2058                 stream_type = int_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['stream_type'][0]))
2059                 # Unsupported FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF
2060                 if stream_type == 3:
2061                     continue
2062
2063                 format_id = fmt.get('itag') or url_data['itag'][0]
2064                 if not format_id:
2065                     continue
2066                 format_id = compat_str(format_id)
2067
2068                 if cipher:
2069                     if 's' in url_data or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2070                         ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
2071                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2072                             ASSETS_RE,
2073                             embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
2074                             'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
2075                         if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
2076                             # We need the embed website after all
2077                             if embed_webpage is None:
2078                                 embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
2079                                 embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
2080                                     embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
2081                             jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2082                                 ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
2083
2084                         player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
2085                         if player_url is None:
2086                             player_url_json = self._search_regex(
2087                                 r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
2088                                 video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
2089                             player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
2090
2091                     if 'sig' in url_data:
2092                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
2093                     elif 's' in url_data:
2094                         encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
2095
2096                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
2097                             if player_url is None:
2098                                 player_desc = 'unknown'
2099                             else:
2100                                 player_type, player_version = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
2101                                 player_desc = '%s player %s' % ('flash' if player_type == 'swf' else 'html5', player_version)
2102                             parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
2103                             self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
2104                                            (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
2105
2106                         signature = self._decrypt_signature(
2107                             encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2108                         sp = try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['sp'][0], compat_str) or 'signature'
2109                         url += '&%s=%s' % (sp, signature)
2110                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
2111                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
2112
2113                 dct = {
2114                     'format_id': format_id,
2115                     'url': url,
2116                     'player_url': player_url,
2117                 }
2118                 if format_id in self._formats:
2119                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
2120                 if format_id in formats_spec:
2121                     dct.update(formats_spec[format_id])
2122
2123                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
2124                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
2125                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
2126                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
2127                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
2128
2129                 if width is None:
2130                     width = int_or_none(fmt.get('width'))
2131                 if height is None:
2132                     height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
2133
2134                 filesize = int_or_none(url_data.get(
2135                     'clen', [None])[0]) or _extract_filesize(url)
2136
2137                 quality = url_data.get('quality', [None])[0] or fmt.get('quality')
2138                 quality_label = url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or fmt.get('qualityLabel')
2139
2140                 tbr = (float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000)
2141                        or float_or_none(fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)) if format_id != '43' else None
2142                 fps = int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]) or int_or_none(fmt.get('fps'))
2143
2144                 more_fields = {
2145                     'filesize': filesize,
2146                     'tbr': tbr,
2147                     'width': width,
2148                     'height': height,
2149                     'fps': fps,
2150                     'format_note': quality_label or quality,
2151                 }
2152                 for key, value in more_fields.items():
2153                     if value:
2154                         dct[key] = value
2155                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0] or fmt.get('mimeType')
2156                 if type_:
2157                     type_split = type_.split(';')
2158                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
2159                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
2160                         kind, _ = kind_ext
2161                         dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(type_split[0])
2162                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
2163                             codecs = None
2164                             for mobj in re.finditer(
2165                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
2166                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
2167                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
2168                                     break
2169                             if codecs:
2170                                 dct.update(parse_codecs(codecs))
2171                 if dct.get('acodec') == 'none' or dct.get('vcodec') == 'none':
2172                     dct['downloader_options'] = {
2173                         # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
2174                         'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
2175                     }
2176                 formats.append(dct)
2177         else:
2178             manifest_url = (
2179                 url_or_none(try_get(
2180                     player_response,
2181                     lambda x: x['streamingData']['hlsManifestUrl'],
2182                     compat_str))
2183                 or url_or_none(try_get(
2184                     video_info, lambda x: x['hlsvp'][0], compat_str)))
2185             if manifest_url:
2186                 formats = []
2187                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
2188                     manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
2189                 for a_format in m3u8_formats:
2190                     itag = self._search_regex(
2191                         r'/itag/(\d+)/', a_format['url'], 'itag', default=None)
2192                     if itag:
2193                         a_format['format_id'] = itag
2194                         if itag in self._formats:
2195                             dct = self._formats[itag].copy()
2196                             dct.update(a_format)
2197                             a_format = dct
2198                     a_format['player_url'] = player_url
2199                     # Accept-Encoding header causes failures in live streams on Youtube and Youtube Gaming
2200                     a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = 'True'
2201                     formats.append(a_format)
2202             else:
2203                 error_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2204                 if not error_message:
2205                     error_message = clean_html(try_get(
2206                         player_response, lambda x: x['playabilityStatus']['reason'],
2207                         compat_str))
2208                 if not error_message:
2209                     error_message = clean_html(
2210                         try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['reason'][0], compat_str))
2211                 if error_message:
2212                     raise ExtractorError(error_message, expected=True)
2213                 raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp, hlsManifestUrl or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
2214
2215         # uploader
2216         video_uploader = try_get(
2217             video_info, lambda x: x['author'][0],
2218             compat_str) or str_or_none(video_details.get('author'))
2219         if video_uploader:
2220             video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_uploader)
2221         else:
2222             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader name')
2223
2224         # uploader_id
2225         video_uploader_id = None
2226         video_uploader_url = None
2227         mobj = re.search(
2228             r'<link itemprop="url" href="(?P<uploader_url>https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>[^"]+))">',
2229             video_webpage)
2230         if mobj is not None:
2231             video_uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2232             video_uploader_url = mobj.group('uploader_url')
2233         else:
2234             owner_profile_url = url_or_none(microformat.get('ownerProfileUrl'))
2235             if owner_profile_url:
2236                 video_uploader_id = self._search_regex(
2237                     r'(?:user|channel)/([^/]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id',
2238                     default=None)
2239                 video_uploader_url = owner_profile_url
2240
2241         channel_id = (
2242             str_or_none(video_details.get('channelId'))
2243             or self._html_search_meta(
2244                 'channelId', video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None)
2245             or self._search_regex(
2246                 r'data-channel-external-id=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
2247                 video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None, group='id'))
2248         channel_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id if channel_id else None
2249
2250         thumbnails = []
2251         thumbnails_list = try_get(
2252             video_details, lambda x: x['thumbnail']['thumbnails'], list) or []
2253         for t in thumbnails_list:
2254             if not isinstance(t, dict):
2255                 continue
2256             thumbnail_url = url_or_none(t.get('url'))
2257             if not thumbnail_url:
2258                 continue
2259             thumbnails.append({
2260                 'url': thumbnail_url,
2261                 'width': int_or_none(t.get('width')),
2262                 'height': int_or_none(t.get('height')),
2263             })
2264
2265         if not thumbnails:
2266             video_thumbnail = None
2267             # We try first to get a high quality image:
2268             m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
2269                                 video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
2270             if m_thumb is not None:
2271                 video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
2272             thumbnail_url = try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['thumbnail_url'][0], compat_str)
2273             if thumbnail_url:
2274                 video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(thumbnail_url)
2275             if video_thumbnail:
2276                 thumbnails.append({'url': video_thumbnail})
2277
2278         # upload date
2279         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
2280             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2281         if not upload_date:
2282             upload_date = self._search_regex(
2283                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
2284                  r'(?:id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?|["\']simpleText["\']\s*:\s*["\'])(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)[<"\']'],
2285                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2286         if not upload_date:
2287             upload_date = microformat.get('publishDate') or microformat.get('uploadDate')
2288         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
2289
2290         video_license = self._html_search_regex(
2291             r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*License\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li',
2292             video_webpage, 'license', default=None)
2293
2294         m_music = re.search(
2295             r'''(?x)
2296                 <h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*Music\s*</h4>\s*
2297                 <ul[^>]*>\s*
2298                 <li>(?P<title>.+?)
2299                 by (?P<creator>.+?)
2300                 (?:
2301                     \(.+?\)|
2302                     <a[^>]*
2303                         (?:
2304                             \bhref=["\']/red[^>]*>|             # drop possible
2305                             >\s*Listen ad-free with YouTube Red # YouTube Red ad
2306                         )
2307                     .*?
2308                 )?</li
2309             ''',
2310             video_webpage)
2311         if m_music:
2312             video_alt_title = remove_quotes(unescapeHTML(m_music.group('title')))
2313             video_creator = clean_html(m_music.group('creator'))
2314         else:
2315             video_alt_title = video_creator = None
2316
2317         def extract_meta(field):
2318             return self._html_search_regex(
2319                 r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*%s\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li>\s*' % field,
2320                 video_webpage, field, default=None)
2321
2322         track = extract_meta('Song')
2323         artist = extract_meta('Artist')
2324         album = extract_meta('Album')
2325
2326         # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
2327         release_date = release_year = None
2328         if video_description:
2329             mobj = re.search(r'(?s)Provided to YouTube by [^\n]+\n+(?P<track>[^·]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?', video_description)
2330             if mobj:
2331                 if not track:
2332                     track = mobj.group('track').strip()
2333                 if not artist:
2334                     artist = mobj.group('clean_artist') or ', '.join(a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·'))
2335                 if not album:
2336                     album = mobj.group('album'.strip())
2337                 release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
2338                 release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
2339                 if release_date:
2340                     release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
2341                     if not release_year:
2342                         release_year = int(release_date[:4])
2343                 if release_year:
2344                     release_year = int(release_year)
2345
2346         m_episode = re.search(
2347             r'<div[^>]+id="watch7-headline"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]*>.*?>(?P<series>[^<]+)</a></b>\s*S(?P<season>\d+)\s*•\s*E(?P<episode>\d+)</span>',
2348             video_webpage)
2349         if m_episode:
2350             series = unescapeHTML(m_episode.group('series'))
2351             season_number = int(m_episode.group('season'))
2352             episode_number = int(m_episode.group('episode'))
2353         else:
2354             series = season_number = episode_number = None
2355
2356         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
2357             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
2358             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
2359         if m_cat_container:
2360             category = self._html_search_regex(
2361                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
2362                 default=None)
2363             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
2364         else:
2365             video_categories = None
2366
2367         video_tags = [
2368             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
2369             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
2370
2371         def _extract_count(count_name):
2372             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2373                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
2374                 % re.escape(count_name),
2375                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
2376
2377         like_count = _extract_count('like')
2378         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
2379
2380         if view_count is None:
2381             view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2382                 r'<[^>]+class=["\']watch-view-count[^>]+>\s*([\d,\s]+)', video_webpage,
2383                 'view count', default=None))
2384
2385         average_rating = (
2386             float_or_none(video_details.get('averageRating'))
2387             or try_get(video_info, lambda x: float_or_none(x['avg_rating'][0])))
2388
2389         # subtitles
2390         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
2391         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
2392
2393         video_duration = try_get(
2394             video_info, lambda x: int_or_none(x['length_seconds'][0]))
2395         if not video_duration:
2396             video_duration = int_or_none(video_details.get('lengthSeconds'))
2397         if not video_duration:
2398             video_duration = parse_duration(self._html_search_meta(
2399                 'duration', video_webpage, 'video duration'))
2400
2401         # annotations
2402         video_annotations = None
2403         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
2404             xsrf_token = self._search_regex(
2405                 r'([\'"])XSRF_TOKEN\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_token>[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)\2',
2406                 video_webpage, 'xsrf token', group='xsrf_token', fatal=False)
2407             invideo_url = try_get(
2408                 player_response, lambda x: x['annotations'][0]['playerAnnotationsUrlsRenderer']['invideoUrl'], compat_str)
2409             if xsrf_token and invideo_url:
2410                 xsrf_field_name = self._search_regex(
2411                     r'([\'"])XSRF_FIELD_NAME\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_field_name>\w+)\2',
2412                     video_webpage, 'xsrf field name',
2413                     group='xsrf_field_name', default='session_token')
2414                 video_annotations = self._download_webpage(
2415                     self._proto_relative_url(invideo_url),
2416                     video_id, note='Downloading annotations',
2417                     errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
2418                     data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))
2419
2420         chapters = self._extract_chapters(video_webpage, description_original, video_id, video_duration)
2421
2422         # Look for the DASH manifest
2423         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2424             dash_mpd_fatal = True
2425             for mpd_url in dash_mpds:
2426                 dash_formats = {}
2427                 try:
2428                     def decrypt_sig(mobj):
2429                         s = mobj.group(1)
2430                         dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2431                         return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
2432
2433                     mpd_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, mpd_url)
2434
2435                     for df in self._extract_mpd_formats(
2436                             mpd_url, video_id, fatal=dash_mpd_fatal,
2437                             formats_dict=self._formats):
2438                         if not df.get('filesize'):
2439                             df['filesize'] = _extract_filesize(df['url'])
2440                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
2441                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
2442                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
2443                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
2444                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
2445                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
2446                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
2447                         # can be fixed at all.
2448                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
2449                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
2450                     self.report_warning(
2451                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
2452                 if dash_formats:
2453                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
2454                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
2455                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
2456                     # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
2457                     # example.
2458                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
2459                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
2460
2461         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
2462         stretched_m = re.search(
2463             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
2464             video_webpage)
2465         if stretched_m:
2466             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
2467             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
2468             # yt:stretch may hold invalid ratio data (e.g. for Q39EVAstoRM ratio is 17:0).
2469             # We will only process correct ratios.
2470             if w > 0 and h > 0:
2471                 ratio = w / h
2472                 for f in formats:
2473                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
2474                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
2475
2476         if not formats:
2477             if 'reason' in video_info:
2478                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
2479                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta(
2480                         'regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
2481                     countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
2482                     self.raise_geo_restricted(
2483                         msg=video_info['reason'][0], countries=countries)
2484                 reason = video_info['reason'][0]
2485                 if 'Invalid parameters' in reason:
2486                     unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2487                     if unavailable_message:
2488                         reason = unavailable_message
2489                 raise ExtractorError(
2490                     'YouTube said: %s' % reason,
2491                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
2492             if video_info.get('license_info') or try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['licenseInfos']):
2493                 raise ExtractorError('This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
2494
2495         self._sort_formats(formats)
2496
2497         self.mark_watched(video_id, video_info, player_response)
2498
2499         return {
2500             'id': video_id,
2501             'uploader': video_uploader,
2502             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
2503             'uploader_url': video_uploader_url,
2504             'channel_id': channel_id,
2505             'channel_url': channel_url,
2506             'upload_date': upload_date,
2507             'license': video_license,
2508             'creator': video_creator or artist,
2509             'title': video_title,
2510             'alt_title': video_alt_title or track,
2511             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
2512             'description': video_description,
2513             'categories': video_categories,
2514             'tags': video_tags,
2515             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
2516             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
2517             'duration': video_duration,
2518             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
2519             'annotations': video_annotations,
2520             'chapters': chapters,
2521             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
2522             'view_count': view_count,
2523             'like_count': like_count,
2524             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
2525             'average_rating': average_rating,
2526             'formats': formats,
2527             'is_live': is_live,
2528             'start_time': start_time,
2529             'end_time': end_time,
2530             'series': series,
2531             'season_number': season_number,
2532             'episode_number': episode_number,
2533             'track': track,
2534             'artist': artist,
2535             'album': album,
2536             'release_date': release_date,
2537             'release_year': release_year,
2538         }
2539
2540
2541 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2542     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
2543     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
2544                         (?:https?://)?
2545                         (?:\w+\.)?
2546                         (?:
2547                             (?:
2548                                 youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
2549                                 invidio\.us
2550                             )
2551                             /
2552                             (?:
2553                                (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/(?:videoseries|[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}))
2554                                \? (?:.*?[&;])*? (?:p|a|list)=
2555                             |  p/
2556                             )|
2557                             youtu\.be/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}\?.*?\blist=
2558                         )
2559                         (
2560                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
2561                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
2562                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
2563                         )
2564                         .*
2565                      |
2566                         (%(playlist_id)s)
2567                      )""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
2568     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
2569     _VIDEO_RE_TPL = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=%s(?:&amp;(?:[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+))?(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?)?'
2570     _VIDEO_RE = _VIDEO_RE_TPL % r'(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})'
2571     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
2572     _TESTS = [{
2573         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2574         'info_dict': {
2575             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2576             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2577             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2578             'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
2579         },
2580         'playlist_count': 1,
2581     }, {
2582         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2583         'info_dict': {
2584             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2585             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2586             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2587             'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
2588         },
2589         'playlist_count': 0,
2590     }, {
2591         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
2592         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2593         'info_dict': {
2594             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
2595             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2596             'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
2597             'uploader_id': 'ChRiStIaAn008',
2598         },
2599         'playlist_count': 96,
2600     }, {
2601         'note': 'issue #673',
2602         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2603         'info_dict': {
2604             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
2605             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2606             'uploader': 'Wickydoo',
2607             'uploader_id': 'Wickydoo',
2608         },
2609         'playlist_mincount': 26,
2610     }, {
2611         'note': 'Large playlist',
2612         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2613         'info_dict': {
2614             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
2615             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2616             'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
2617             'uploader_id': 'Cauchemar89',
2618         },
2619         'playlist_mincount': 799,
2620     }, {
2621         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2622         'info_dict': {
2623             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
2624             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2625         },
2626         'playlist_count': 2,
2627         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2628     }, {
2629         'note': 'embedded',
2630         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2631         'playlist_count': 4,
2632         'info_dict': {
2633             'title': 'JODA15',
2634             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2635             'uploader': 'milan',
2636             'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
2637         }
2638     }, {
2639         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2640         'playlist_mincount': 485,
2641         'info_dict': {
2642             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
2643             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2644             'uploader': 'LBK',
2645             'uploader_id': 'sdragonfang',
2646         }
2647     }, {
2648         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
2649         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
2650         'playlist_count': 4,
2651         'info_dict': {
2652             'title': 'JODA7',
2653             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
2654         },
2655         'skip': 'This playlist does not exist',
2656     }, {
2657         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
2658         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2659         'info_dict': {
2660             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
2661             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2662             'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
2663             'uploader_id': 'InterstellarMovie1',
2664         },
2665         'playlist_mincount': 21,
2666     }, {
2667         # Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist
2668         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
2669         'info_dict': {
2670             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
2671             'ext': 'webm',
2672             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
2673             'uploader': 'STREEM',
2674             'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2675             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2676             'upload_date': '20150526',
2677             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2678             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
2679             'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
2680             'tags': list,
2681             'view_count': int,
2682             'like_count': int,
2683             'dislike_count': int,
2684         },
2685         'params': {
2686             'skip_download': True,
2687         },
2688         'skip': 'This video is not available.',
2689         'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
2690     }, {
2691         'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
2692         'info_dict': {
2693             'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
2694             'ext': 'mp4',
2695             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
2696             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
2697             'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
2698             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
2699             'upload_date': '20161008',
2700             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
2701             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
2702             'tags': list,
2703             'like_count': int,
2704             'dislike_count': int,
2705         },
2706         'params': {
2707             'noplaylist': True,
2708             'skip_download': True,
2709         },
2710     }, {
2711         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844
2712         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2713         'info_dict': {
2714             'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
2715             'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2716             'uploader_id': 'Computerphile',
2717             'uploader': 'Computerphile',
2718         },
2719         'playlist_mincount': 11,
2720     }, {
2721         'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
2722         'only_matching': True,
2723     }, {
2724         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
2725         'only_matching': True,
2726     }, {
2727         # music album playlist
2728         'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
2729         'only_matching': True,
2730     }, {
2731         'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PLDIoUOhQQPlXr63I_vwF9GD8sAKh77dWU',
2732         'only_matching': True,
2733     }, {
2734         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
2735         'only_matching': True,
2736     }]
2737
2738     def _real_initialize(self):
2739         self._login()
2740
2741     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
2742         ids_in_page = []
2743         titles_in_page = []
2744
2745         for item in re.findall(
2746                 r'(<[^>]*\bdata-video-id\s*=\s*["\'][0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}[^>]+>)', page):
2747             attrs = extract_attributes(item)
2748             video_id = attrs['data-video-id']
2749             video_title = unescapeHTML(attrs.get('data-title'))
2750             if video_title:
2751                 video_title = video_title.strip()
2752             ids_in_page.append(video_id)
2753             titles_in_page.append(video_title)
2754
2755         # Fallback with old _VIDEO_RE
2756         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2757             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2758
2759         # Relaxed fallbacks
2760         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2761             r'href="\s*/watch\?v\s*=\s*(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2762             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2763         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2764             r'data-video-ids\s*=\s*["\'](?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2765             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2766
2767         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2768
2769     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
2770         # The mixes are generated from a single video
2771         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
2772         ids = []
2773         last_id = playlist_id[-11:]
2774         for n in itertools.count(1):
2775             url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (last_id, playlist_id)
2776             webpage = self._download_webpage(
2777                 url, playlist_id, 'Downloading page {0} of Youtube mix'.format(n))
2778             new_ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
2779                 r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
2780                            href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
2781                 webpage))
2782             # Fetch new pages until all the videos are repeated, it seems that
2783             # there are always 51 unique videos.
2784             new_ids = [_id for _id in new_ids if _id not in ids]
2785             if not new_ids:
2786                 break
2787             ids.extend(new_ids)
2788             last_id = ids[-1]
2789
2790         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
2791
2792         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
2793         title_span = (
2794             search_title('playlist-title')
2795             or search_title('title long-title')
2796             or search_title('title'))
2797         title = clean_html(title_span)
2798
2799         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
2800
2801     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
2802         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
2803         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
2804
2805         # the yt-alert-message now has tabindex attribute (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11604)
2806         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>', page):
2807             match = match.strip()
2808             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
2809             mobj = re.match(r'[^<]*(?:The|This) playlist (?P<reason>does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match)
2810             if mobj:
2811                 reason = mobj.group('reason')
2812                 message = 'This playlist %s' % reason
2813                 if 'private' in reason:
2814                     message += ', use --username or --netrc to access it'
2815                 message += '.'
2816                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
2817             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
2818                 raise ExtractorError(
2819                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
2820                     expected=True)
2821             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
2822                 continue
2823             else:
2824                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
2825
2826         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
2827             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
2828             page, 'title', default=None)
2829
2830         _UPLOADER_BASE = r'class=["\']pl-header-details[^>]+>\s*<li>\s*<a[^>]+\bhref='
2831         uploader = self._html_search_regex(
2832             r'%s["\']/(?:user|channel)/[^>]+>([^<]+)' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2833             page, 'uploader', default=None)
2834         mobj = re.search(
2835             r'%s(["\'])(?P<path>/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>.+?))\1' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2836             page)
2837         if mobj:
2838             uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2839             uploader_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('path'))
2840         else:
2841             uploader_id = uploader_url = None
2842
2843         has_videos = True
2844
2845         if not playlist_title:
2846             try:
2847                 # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (e.g.
2848                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4)
2849                 next(self._entries(page, playlist_id))
2850             except StopIteration:
2851                 has_videos = False
2852
2853         playlist = self.playlist_result(
2854             self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
2855         playlist.update({
2856             'uploader': uploader,
2857             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
2858             'uploader_url': uploader_url,
2859         })
2860
2861         return has_videos, playlist
2862
2863     def _check_download_just_video(self, url, playlist_id):
2864         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
2865         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
2866         video_id = query_dict.get('v', [None])[0] or self._search_regex(
2867             r'(?:(?:^|//)youtu\.be/|youtube\.com/embed/(?!videoseries))([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', url,
2868             'video id', default=None)
2869         if video_id:
2870             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
2871                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
2872                 return video_id, self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2873             else:
2874                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
2875                 return video_id, None
2876         return None, None
2877
2878     def _real_extract(self, url):
2879         # Extract playlist id
2880         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2881         if mobj is None:
2882             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
2883         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
2884
2885         video_id, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, playlist_id)
2886         if video:
2887             return video
2888
2889         if playlist_id.startswith(('RD', 'UL', 'PU')):
2890             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
2891             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
2892
2893         has_videos, playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
2894         if has_videos or not video_id:
2895             return playlist
2896
2897         # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (see
2898         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10537).
2899         # Fallback to plain video extraction if there is a video id
2900         # along with playlist id.
2901         return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2902
2903
2904 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2905     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
2906     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|(?:www\.)?invidio\.us)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
2907     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
2908     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
2909     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
2910     _TESTS = [{
2911         'note': 'paginated channel',
2912         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2913         'playlist_mincount': 91,
2914         'info_dict': {
2915             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2916             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
2917             'uploader': 'lex will',
2918             'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2919         }
2920     }, {
2921         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
2922         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
2923         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2924         'playlist_mincount': 64,
2925         'info_dict': {
2926             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2927             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
2928             'uploader': 'Deus Ex',
2929             'uploader_id': 'DeusExOfficial',
2930         },
2931     }, {
2932         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UC23qupoDRn9YOAVzeoxjOQA',
2933         'only_matching': True,
2934     }, {
2935         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCyu8StPfZWapR6rfW_JgqcA',
2936         'only_matching': True,
2937     }]
2938
2939     @classmethod
2940     def suitable(cls, url):
2941         return (False if YoutubePlaylistsIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeLiveIE.suitable(url)
2942                 else super(YoutubeChannelIE, cls).suitable(url))
2943
2944     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2945         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
2946
2947     def _real_extract(self, url):
2948         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
2949
2950         url = self._build_template_url(url, channel_id)
2951
2952         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
2953         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
2954         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
2955         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
2956             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
2957             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
2958         if channel_page is False:
2959             channel_playlist_id = False
2960         else:
2961             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
2962                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
2963             if not channel_playlist_id:
2964                 channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
2965                     ('al:ios:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad'),
2966                     channel_page, 'channel url', default=None)
2967                 if channel_url:
2968                     channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
2969                         r'vnd\.youtube://user/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)',
2970                         channel_url, 'channel id', default=None)
2971         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
2972             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
2973             return self.url_result(
2974                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
2975
2976         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
2977         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
2978                 class="[^"]*?(?:
2979                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
2980                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
2981                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
2982
2983         if autogenerated:
2984             # The videos are contained in a single page
2985             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
2986             entries = [
2987                 self.url_result(
2988                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
2989                     video_title=video_title)
2990                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
2991             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
2992
2993         try:
2994             next(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id))
2995         except StopIteration:
2996             alert_message = self._html_search_regex(
2997                 r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=(["\']).*?\byt-alert-message\b.*?\1[^>]*>(?P<alert>[^<]+)</div>',
2998                 channel_page, 'alert', default=None, group='alert')
2999             if alert_message:
3000                 raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message, expected=True)
3001
3002         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
3003
3004
3005 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
3006     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
3007     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?P<user>user|c)/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results|shared)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
3008     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/%s/%s/videos'
3009     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
3010
3011     _TESTS = [{
3012         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
3013         'playlist_mincount': 320,
3014         'info_dict': {
3015             'id': 'UUfX55Sx5hEFjoC3cNs6mCUQ',
3016             'title': 'Uploads from The Linux Foundation',
3017             'uploader': 'The Linux Foundation',
3018             'uploader_id': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
3019         }
3020     }, {
3021         # Only available via https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos
3022         # but not https://www.youtube.com/user/12minuteathlete/videos
3023         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos',
3024         'playlist_mincount': 249,
3025         'info_dict': {
3026             'id': 'UUVjM-zV6_opMDx7WYxnjZiQ',
3027             'title': 'Uploads from 12 Minute Athlete',
3028             'uploader': '12 Minute Athlete',
3029             'uploader_id': 'the12minuteathlete',
3030         }
3031     }, {
3032         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
3033         'only_matching': True,
3034     }, {
3035         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/gametrailers',
3036         'only_matching': True,
3037     }, {
3038         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/gametrailers',
3039         'only_matching': True,
3040     }, {
3041         # This channel is not available, geo restricted to JP
3042         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/kananishinoSMEJ/videos',
3043         'only_matching': True,
3044     }]
3045
3046     @classmethod
3047     def suitable(cls, url):
3048         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
3049         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
3050         other_yt_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.startswith('Youtube') and name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
3051         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_yt_ies):
3052             return False
3053         else:
3054             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
3055
3056     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
3057         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3058         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % (mobj.group('user') or 'user', mobj.group('id'))
3059
3060
3061 class YoutubeLiveIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3062     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com live streams'
3063     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:user|channel|c)/)?(?P<id>[^/]+))/live'
3064     IE_NAME = 'youtube:live'
3065
3066     _TESTS = [{
3067         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
3068         'info_dict': {
3069             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
3070             'ext': 'mp4',
3071             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
3072             'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
3073             'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
3074             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
3075             'upload_date': '20150715',
3076             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
3077             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
3078             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
3079             'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
3080             'like_count': int,
3081             'dislike_count': int,
3082         },
3083         'params': {
3084             'skip_download': True,
3085         },
3086     }, {
3087         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
3088         'only_matching': True,
3089     }, {
3090         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
3091         'only_matching': True,
3092     }, {
3093         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
3094         'only_matching': True,
3095     }]
3096
3097     def _real_extract(self, url):
3098         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3099         channel_id = mobj.group('id')
3100         base_url = mobj.group('base_url')
3101         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, fatal=False)
3102         if webpage:
3103             page_type = self._og_search_property(
3104                 'type', webpage, 'page type', default='')
3105             video_id = self._html_search_meta(
3106                 'videoId', webpage, 'video id', default=None)
3107             if page_type.startswith('video') and video_id and re.match(
3108                     r'^[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}$', video_id):
3109                 return self.url_result(video_id, YoutubeIE.ie_key())
3110         return self.url_result(base_url)
3111
3112
3113 class YoutubePlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3114     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user/channel playlists'
3115     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
3116     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlists'
3117
3118     _TESTS = [{
3119         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
3120         'playlist_mincount': 4,
3121         'info_dict': {
3122             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
3123             'title': 'ThirstForScience',
3124         },
3125     }, {
3126         # with "Load more" button
3127         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
3128         'playlist_mincount': 70,
3129         'info_dict': {
3130             'id': 'igorkle1',
3131             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
3132         },
3133     }, {
3134         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw/playlists',
3135         'playlist_mincount': 17,
3136         'info_dict': {
3137             'id': 'UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw',
3138             'title': 'Chem Player',
3139         },
3140         'skip': 'Blocked',
3141     }]
3142
3143
3144 class YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
3145     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})(?:[^"]*"[^>]+\btitle="(?P<title>[^"]+))?'
3146
3147
3148 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3149     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
3150     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
3151     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
3152     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
3153     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
3154     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
3155     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
3156     _TESTS = []
3157
3158     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
3159         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
3160
3161         videos = []
3162         limit = n
3163
3164         url_query = {
3165             'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
3166         }
3167         url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
3168         result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(url_query)
3169
3170         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
3171             data = self._download_json(
3172                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
3173                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
3174                 errnote='Unable to download API page',
3175                 query={'spf': 'navigate'})
3176             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
3177
3178             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
3179                 raise ExtractorError(
3180                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
3181
3182             new_videos = list(self._process_page(html_content))
3183             videos += new_videos
3184             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
3185                 break
3186             next_link = self._html_search_regex(
3187                 r'href="(/results\?[^"]*\bsp=[^"]+)"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]+class="[^"]*\byt-uix-button-content\b[^"]*"[^>]*>Next',
3188                 html_content, 'next link', default=None)
3189             if next_link is None:
3190                 break
3191             result_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', next_link)
3192
3193         if len(videos) > n:
3194             videos = videos[:n]
3195         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
3196
3197
3198 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
3199     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
3200     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
3201     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
3202     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
3203
3204
3205 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3206     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
3207     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
3208     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
3209     _TESTS = [{
3210         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
3211         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3212         'info_dict': {
3213             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
3214         }
3215     }, {
3216         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
3217         'only_matching': True,
3218     }]
3219
3220     def _real_extract(self, url):
3221         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3222         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
3223         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
3224         return self.playlist_result(self._process_page(webpage), playlist_title=query)
3225
3226
3227 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3228     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
3229     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
3230     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
3231     _TESTS = [{
3232         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
3233         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3234         'info_dict': {
3235             'id': 'airdisasters',
3236             'title': 'Air Disasters',
3237         }
3238     }]
3239
3240     def _real_extract(self, url):
3241         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
3242         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
3243             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
3244
3245
3246 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3247     """
3248     Base class for feed extractors
3249     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
3250     """
3251     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3252
3253     @property
3254     def IE_NAME(self):
3255         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
3256
3257     def _real_initialize(self):
3258         self._login()
3259
3260     def _entries(self, page):
3261         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
3262         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
3263         ids = []
3264         more_widget_html = content_html = page
3265         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
3266             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
3267
3268             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
3269             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
3270             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
3271             new_ids = list(filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches)))
3272             if not new_ids:
3273                 break
3274
3275             ids.extend(new_ids)
3276
3277             for entry in self._ids_to_results(new_ids):
3278                 yield entry
3279
3280             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
3281             if not mobj:
3282                 break
3283
3284             more = self._download_json(
3285                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
3286                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
3287                 transform_source=uppercase_escape,
3288                 headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
3289             content_html = more['content_html']
3290             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
3291
3292     def _real_extract(self, url):
3293         page = self._download_webpage(
3294             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
3295             self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3296         return self.playlist_result(
3297             self._entries(page), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3298
3299
3300 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
3301     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
3302     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
3303     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|(?:playlist|watch)\?(?:.+&)?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
3304
3305     _TESTS = [{
3306         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL',
3307         'only_matching': True,
3308     }, {
3309         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCNU9TrbiRk&index=1&list=WL',
3310         'only_matching': True,
3311     }]
3312
3313     def _real_extract(self, url):
3314         _, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, 'WL')
3315         if video:
3316             return video
3317         _, playlist = self._extract_playlist('WL')
3318         return playlist
3319
3320
3321 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3322     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
3323     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
3324     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
3325     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3326
3327     def _real_extract(self, url):
3328         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
3329         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
3330         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
3331
3332
3333 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3334     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
3335     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
3336     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
3337     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
3338
3339
3340 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3341     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
3342     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
3343     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
3344     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
3345
3346
3347 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3348     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
3349     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
3350     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
3351     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
3352
3353
3354 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
3355     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
3356     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3357     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
3358         (?:https?://)?
3359         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
3360         (?:watch\?(?:
3361             feature=[a-z_]+|
3362             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
3363             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
3364             hl=[^&]*|
3365             t=[0-9]+
3366         )?
3367         |
3368             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
3369         )
3370         $
3371     '''
3372
3373     _TESTS = [{
3374         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
3375         'only_matching': True,
3376     }, {
3377         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
3378         'only_matching': True,
3379     }, {
3380         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
3381         'only_matching': True,
3382     }, {
3383         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
3384         'only_matching': True,
3385     }, {
3386         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
3387         'only_matching': True,
3388     }, {
3389         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
3390         'only_matching': True,
3391     }]
3392
3393     def _real_extract(self, url):
3394         raise ExtractorError(
3395             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
3396             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
3397             'like  youtube-dl '
3398             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
3399             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
3400             expected=True)
3401
3402
3403 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
3404     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
3405     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3406     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
3407
3408     _TESTS = [{
3409         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
3410         'only_matching': True,
3411     }]
3412
3413     def _real_extract(self, url):
3414         video_id = self._match_id(url)
3415         raise ExtractorError(
3416             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
3417             expected=True)