_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import random
  10 import re
  11 import time
  12 import traceback
  13
  14 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  15 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  16 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  17 from ..compat import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_kwargs,
  20     compat_parse_qs,
  21     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  23     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  24     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  25     compat_urlparse,
  26     compat_str,
  27 )
  28 from ..utils import (
  29     clean_html,
  30     error_to_compat_str,
  31     ExtractorError,
  32     float_or_none,
  33     get_element_by_attribute,
  34     get_element_by_id,
  35     int_or_none,
  36     mimetype2ext,
  37     orderedSet,
  38     parse_codecs,
  39     parse_duration,
  40     qualities,
  41     remove_quotes,
  42     remove_start,
  43     smuggle_url,
  44     str_or_none,
  45     str_to_int,
  46     try_get,
  47     unescapeHTML,
  48     unified_strdate,
  49     unsmuggle_url,
  50     uppercase_escape,
  51     url_or_none,
  52     urlencode_postdata,
  53 )
  54
  55
  56 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  57     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  58     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  59     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  60
  61     _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
  62     _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
  63     _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
  64
  65     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  66     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  67     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  68
  69     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}'
  70
  71     def _set_language(self):
  72         self._set_cookie(
  73             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  74             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  75             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  76
  77     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  78         return [
  79             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  80             for vid_id in ids]
  81
  82     def _login(self):
  83         """
  84         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  85         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  86         False is returned if login failed.
  87
  88         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  89         """
  90         username, password = self._get_login_info()
  91         # No authentication to be performed
  92         if username is None:
  93             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is None:
  94                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  95             return True
  96
  97         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  98             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  99             note='Downloading login page',
 100             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
 101         if login_page is False:
 102             return
 103
 104         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 105
 106         def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
 107             data = login_form.copy()
 108             data.update({
 109                 'pstMsg': 1,
 110                 'checkConnection': 'youtube',
 111                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 112                 'hl': 'en',
 113                 'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
 114                 'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
 115                 'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
 116                 'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
 117             })
 118             return self._download_json(
 119                 url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
 120                 transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
 121                 fatal=False,
 122                 data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
 123                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
 124                     'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
 125                 })
 126
 127         def warn(message):
 128             self._downloader.report_warning(message)
 129
 130         lookup_req = [
 131             username,
 132             None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
 133             [
 134                 None, None,
 135                 [2, 1, None, 1,
 136                  'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
 137                  None, [], 4],
 138                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 139             ],
 140             username,
 141         ]
 142
 143         lookup_results = req(
 144             self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
 145             'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
 146
 147         if lookup_results is False:
 148             return False
 149
 150         user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
 151         if not user_hash:
 152             warn('Unable to extract user hash')
 153             return False
 154
 155         challenge_req = [
 156             user_hash,
 157             None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
 158             [
 159                 None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
 160                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 161             ]]
 162
 163         challenge_results = req(
 164             self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
 165             'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
 166
 167         if challenge_results is False:
 168             return
 169
 170         login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 171         if login_res:
 172             login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 173             warn(
 174                 'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
 175                 if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
 176             return False
 177
 178         res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
 179         if not res:
 180             warn('Unable to extract result entry')
 181             return False
 182
 183         login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
 184         if login_challenge:
 185             challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 186             if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
 187                 # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
 188                 # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
 189                 status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 190                 if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
 191                     warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
 192                     return False
 193
 194                 tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
 195                 if not tl:
 196                     warn('Unable to extract TL')
 197                     return False
 198
 199                 tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 200
 201                 if not tfa_code:
 202                     warn(
 203                         'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 204                         '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 205                     return False
 206
 207                 tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 208
 209                 tfa_req = [
 210                     user_hash, None, 2, None,
 211                     [
 212                         9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
 213                         [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
 214                     ]]
 215
 216                 tfa_results = req(
 217                     self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
 218                     'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
 219
 220                 if tfa_results is False:
 221                     return False
 222
 223                 tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 224                 if tfa_res:
 225                     tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 226                     warn(
 227                         'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
 228                         if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
 229                     return False
 230
 231                 check_cookie_url = try_get(
 232                     tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
 233             else:
 234                 CHALLENGES = {
 235                     'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 236                     'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
 237                     'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 238                 }
 239                 challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
 240                     challenge_str,
 241                     '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
 242                 warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
 243                 return False
 244         else:
 245             check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 246
 247         if not check_cookie_url:
 248             warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
 249             return False
 250
 251         check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
 252             check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
 253
 254         if check_cookie_results is False:
 255             return False
 256
 257         if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
 258             warn('Unable to log in')
 259             return False
 260
 261         return True
 262
 263     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
 264         query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
 265         query['disable_polymer'] = 'true'
 266         kwargs['query'] = query
 267         return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
 268             *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
 269
 270     def _real_initialize(self):
 271         if self._downloader is None:
 272             return
 273         self._set_language()
 274         if not self._login():
 275             return
 276
 277
 278 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 279     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 280     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 281         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 282         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 283             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 284                 yield entry
 285
 286             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 287             if not mobj:
 288                 break
 289
 290             more = self._download_json(
 291                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 292                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
 293                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
 294             content_html = more['content_html']
 295             if not content_html.strip():
 296                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 297                 # have more videos
 298                 break
 299             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 300
 301
 302 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 303     def _process_page(self, content):
 304         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 305             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 306
 307     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 308         ids_in_page = []
 309         titles_in_page = []
 310         for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, page):
 311             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 312             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 313                 continue
 314             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 315             video_title = unescapeHTML(mobj.group('title'))
 316             if video_title:
 317                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 318             try:
 319                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 320                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 321                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 322             except ValueError:
 323                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 324                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 325         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 326
 327
 328 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 329     def _process_page(self, content):
 330         for playlist_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
 331                 r'<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*><a[^>]+href="/?playlist\?list=([0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})"',
 332                 content)):
 333             yield self.url_result(
 334                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 335
 336     def _real_extract(self, url):
 337         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 338         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 339         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 340         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 341
 342
 343 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 344     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 345     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 346                      (
 347                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 348                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 349                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 350                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 351                             (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com/|
 352                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 353                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 354                             (?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us/|
 355                             (?:www\.)?invidiou\.sh/|
 356                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org/|
 357                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk/|
 358                             (?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx/|
 359                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 360                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 361                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 362                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 363                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 364                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 365                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 366                                  (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
 367                                  v=
 368                              )
 369                          ))
 370                          |(?:
 371                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 372                             vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
 373                             zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
 374                          )/
 375                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 376                          )
 377                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 378                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 379                      (?!.*?\blist=
 380                         (?:
 381                             %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 382                             WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
 383                         )
 384                      )
 385                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 386                      $""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
 387     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 388     _formats = {
 389         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 390         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 391         '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 392         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 393         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 394         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 395         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 396         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 397         # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
 398         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 399         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 400         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 401         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 402         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 403         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 404         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 405         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 406         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 407
 408
 409         # 3D videos
 410         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 411         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 412         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 413         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 414         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 415         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 416         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 417
 418         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 419         '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 420         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 421         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 422         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 423         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 424         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 425         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 426         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 427
 428         # DASH mp4 video
 429         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 430         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 431         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 432         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 433         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 434         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 435         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 436         '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 437         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 438         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 439         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 440         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 441
 442         # Dash mp4 audio
 443         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 444         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 445         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 446         '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 447         '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 448         '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 449         '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 450
 451         # Dash webm
 452         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 453         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 454         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 455         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 456         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 457         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 458         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 459         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 460         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 461         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 462         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 463         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 464         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 465         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 466         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 467         # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
 468         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 469         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 470         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 471         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 472         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 473         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 474
 475         # Dash webm audio
 476         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
 477         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
 478
 479         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 480         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
 481         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
 482         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
 483
 484         # RTMP (unnamed)
 485         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 486     }
 487     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 488
 489     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 490
 491     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 492     _TESTS = [
 493         {
 494             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
 495             'info_dict': {
 496                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 497                 'ext': 'mp4',
 498                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 499                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 500                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 501                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 502                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 503                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 504                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 505                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 506                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 507                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 508                 'duration': 10,
 509                 'view_count': int,
 510                 'like_count': int,
 511                 'dislike_count': int,
 512                 'start_time': 1,
 513                 'end_time': 9,
 514             }
 515         },
 516         {
 517             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 518             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 519             'info_dict': {
 520                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 521                 'ext': 'mp4',
 522                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 523                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 524                 'alt_title': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 525                 'description': 'md5:f3ceb5ef83a08d95b9d146f973157cc8',
 526                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 527                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 528                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 529                 'duration': 180,
 530                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 531                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 532                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IconaPop',
 533                 'creator': 'Icona Pop',
 534                 'track': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 535                 'artist': 'Icona Pop',
 536             }
 537         },
 538         {
 539             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 540             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 541             'info_dict': {
 542                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 543                 'ext': 'mp4',
 544                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 545                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Official Music Video) (Explicit)',
 546                 'alt_title': 'Tunnel Vision',
 547                 'description': 'md5:07dab3356cde4199048e4c7cd93471e1',
 548                 'duration': 419,
 549                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 550                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 551                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/justintimberlakeVEVO',
 552                 'creator': 'Justin Timberlake',
 553                 'track': 'Tunnel Vision',
 554                 'artist': 'Justin Timberlake',
 555                 'age_limit': 18,
 556             }
 557         },
 558         {
 559             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 560             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 561             'info_dict': {
 562                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 563                 'ext': 'mp4',
 564                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 565                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 566                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 567                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 568                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 569                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
 570                 'age_limit': 18,
 571             }
 572         },
 573         {
 574             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 575             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 576             'info_dict': {
 577                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 578                 'ext': 'mp4',
 579                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 580                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 581                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 582                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 583                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 584                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 585                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 586                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 587                 'duration': 10,
 588                 'view_count': int,
 589                 'like_count': int,
 590                 'dislike_count': int,
 591             },
 592             'params': {
 593                 'skip_download': True,
 594             },
 595         },
 596         {
 597             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 598             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 599             'info_dict': {
 600                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 601                 'ext': 'm4a',
 602                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 603                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 604                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
 605                 'description': '',
 606                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 607                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 608             },
 609             'params': {
 610                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 611                 'format': '141',
 612             },
 613             'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
 614         },
 615         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 616         {
 617             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 618             'info_dict': {
 619                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 620                 'ext': 'm4a',
 621                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
 622                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
 623                 'duration': 244,
 624                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 625                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 626                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 627             },
 628             'params': {
 629                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 630                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 631             },
 632         },
 633         # JS player signature function name containing $
 634         {
 635             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 636             'info_dict': {
 637                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 638                 'ext': 'm4a',
 639                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 640                 'description': 'md5:bec2185232c05479482cb5a9b82719bf',
 641                 'duration': 242,
 642                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 643                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 644                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 645                 'creator': 'Taylor Swift',
 646             },
 647             'params': {
 648                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 649                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 650             },
 651         },
 652         # Controversy video
 653         {
 654             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 655             'info_dict': {
 656                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 657                 'ext': 'mp4',
 658                 'duration': 219,
 659                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 660                 'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
 661                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 662                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
 663                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 664                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 665             }
 666         },
 667         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 668         {
 669             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 670             'info_dict': {
 671                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 672                 'ext': 'mp4',
 673                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 674                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 675                 'duration': 142,
 676                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 677                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 678                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
 679                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 680                 'age_limit': 18,
 681             },
 682         },
 683         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 684         {
 685             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 686             'info_dict': {
 687                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 688                 'ext': 'mp4',
 689                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 690                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 691                 'duration': 246,
 692                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 693                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 694                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/LloydVEVO',
 695                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 696                 'age_limit': 18,
 697             },
 698         },
 699         # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 700         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
 701         {
 702             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 703             'info_dict': {
 704                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 705                 'ext': 'mp4',
 706                 'duration': 266,
 707                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 708                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 709                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
 710                 'creator': 'deadmau5',
 711                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 712                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 713                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 714                 'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
 715             },
 716             'expected_warnings': [
 717                 'DASH manifest missing',
 718             ]
 719         },
 720         # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 721         {
 722             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 723             'info_dict': {
 724                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 725                 'ext': 'mp4',
 726                 'duration': 6085,
 727                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 728                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 729                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
 730                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 731                 'uploader': 'Olympic',
 732                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 733             },
 734             'params': {
 735                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 736             }
 737         },
 738         # Non-square pixels
 739         {
 740             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 741             'info_dict': {
 742                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 743                 'ext': 'mp4',
 744                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 745                 'duration': 85,
 746                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 747                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 748                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
 749                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 750                 'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
 751                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 752             },
 753         },
 754         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 755         {
 756             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 757             'info_dict': {
 758                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 759                 'ext': 'webm',
 760                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 761                 'description': '',
 762                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 763                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 764                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 765             },
 766             'params': {
 767                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 768             },
 769             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 770         },
 771         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 772         {
 773             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 774             'info_dict': {
 775                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 776                 'ext': 'webm',
 777                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 778                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 779                 'duration': 220,
 780                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 781                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 782                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
 783                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 784                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
 785             },
 786             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
 787         },
 788         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 789         {
 790             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 791             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 792             'info_dict': {
 793                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 794                 'ext': 'mp4',
 795                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 796                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 797                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 798                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 799                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 800             },
 801             'params': {
 802                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 803                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 804             },
 805             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 806         },
 807         {
 808             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 809             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 810             'info_dict': {
 811                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 812                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 813                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 814             },
 815             'playlist': [{
 816                 'info_dict': {
 817                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 818                     'ext': 'mp4',
 819                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 820                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 821                     'duration': 7335,
 822                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 823                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 824                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 825                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 826                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 827                 },
 828             }, {
 829                 'info_dict': {
 830                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 831                     'ext': 'mp4',
 832                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 833                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 834                     'duration': 7337,
 835                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 836                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 837                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 838                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 839                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 840                 },
 841             }, {
 842                 'info_dict': {
 843                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 844                     'ext': 'mp4',
 845                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 846                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 847                     'duration': 7337,
 848                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 849                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 850                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 851                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 852                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 853                 },
 854             }, {
 855                 'info_dict': {
 856                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 857                     'ext': 'mp4',
 858                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 859                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 860                     'duration': 7334,
 861                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 862                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 863                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 864                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 865                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 866                 },
 867             }],
 868             'params': {
 869                 'skip_download': True,
 870             },
 871             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 872         },
 873         {
 874             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
 875             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
 876             'info_dict': {
 877                 'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
 878                 'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
 879             },
 880             'playlist_count': 2,
 881             'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
 882         },
 883         {
 884             'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 885             'only_matching': True,
 886         },
 887         {
 888             'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
 889             'only_matching': True,
 890         },
 891         {
 892             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 893             # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
 894             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
 895             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
 896             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 897             'info_dict': {
 898                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 899                 'ext': 'mp4',
 900                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 901                 'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 902                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 903                 'duration': 133,
 904                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 905                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 906                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
 907                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 908                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 909                 'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 910                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 911             },
 912             'params': {
 913                 'skip_download': True,
 914             },
 915         },
 916         {
 917             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 918             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 919             'only_matching': True,
 920         },
 921         {
 922             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 923             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 924             'info_dict': {
 925                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 926                 'ext': 'mp4',
 927                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 928                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 929                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 930                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 931                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 932             },
 933             'params': {
 934                 'skip_download': True,
 935             },
 936             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
 937         },
 938         {
 939             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
 940             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
 941             'info_dict': {
 942                 'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
 943                 'ext': 'mp4',
 944                 'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
 945                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
 946                 'duration': 721,
 947                 'upload_date': '20150127',
 948                 'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
 949                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
 950                 'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
 951                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
 952             },
 953             'params': {
 954                 'skip_download': True,
 955             },
 956         },
 957         {
 958             # Channel-like uploader_url
 959             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
 960             'info_dict': {
 961                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
 962                 'ext': 'mp4',
 963                 'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
 964                 'description': 'md5:dda0d780d5a6e120758d1711d062a867',
 965                 'duration': 4060,
 966                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 967                 'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
 968                 'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
 969                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
 970                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
 971             },
 972             'params': {
 973                 'skip_download': True,
 974             },
 975         },
 976         {
 977             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
 978             'only_matching': True,
 979         },
 980         {
 981             # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
 982             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
 983             'only_matching': True,
 984         },
 985         {
 986             # Rental video preview
 987             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
 988             'info_dict': {
 989                 'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
 990                 'ext': 'mp4',
 991                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
 992                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
 993                 'upload_date': '20150811',
 994                 'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
 995                 'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
 996                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
 997                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 998             },
 999             'params': {
1000                 'skip_download': True,
1001             },
1002             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
1003         },
1004         {
1005             # YouTube Red video with episode data
1006             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
1007             'info_dict': {
1008                 'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
1009                 'ext': 'mp4',
1010                 'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
1011                 'description': 'md5:46a29be4ceffa65b92d277b93f463c0f',
1012                 'duration': 2085,
1013                 'upload_date': '20170118',
1014                 'uploader': 'Vsauce',
1015                 'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
1016                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
1017                 'series': 'Mind Field',
1018                 'season_number': 1,
1019                 'episode_number': 1,
1020             },
1021             'params': {
1022                 'skip_download': True,
1023             },
1024             'expected_warnings': [
1025                 'Skipping DASH manifest',
1026             ],
1027         },
1028         {
1029             # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
1030             # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
1031             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
1032             'info_dict': {
1033                 'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
1034                 'ext': 'mp4',
1035                 'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
1036                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
1037                 'duration': 965,
1038                 'upload_date': '20140124',
1039                 'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
1040                 'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1041                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1042             },
1043             'params': {
1044                 'skip_download': True,
1045             },
1046         },
1047         {
1048             # itag 212
1049             'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
1050             'only_matching': True,
1051         },
1052         {
1053             # geo restricted to JP
1054             'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
1055             'only_matching': True,
1056         },
1057         {
1058             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
1059             'only_matching': True,
1060         },
1061         {
1062             'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
1063             'only_matching': True,
1064         },
1065         {
1066             # DRM protected
1067             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
1068             'only_matching': True,
1069         },
1070         {
1071             # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
1072             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1073             'info_dict': {
1074                 'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1075                 'ext': 'mp4',
1076                 'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
1077                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
1078                 'duration': 433,
1079                 'upload_date': '20130923',
1080                 'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
1081                 'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1082                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1083                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
1084             },
1085             'params': {
1086                 'skip_download': True,
1087                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
1088             },
1089         }
1090     ]
1091
1092     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
1093         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
1094         self._player_cache = {}
1095
1096     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
1097         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
1098         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
1099
1100     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
1101         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
1102         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
1103
1104     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
1105         """Report extracted video URL."""
1106         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
1107
1108     def report_rtmp_download(self):
1109         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
1110         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
1111
1112     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
1113         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
1114         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
1115
1116     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
1117         id_m = re.match(
1118             r'.*?-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player(?:-new)?|(?:/[a-z]{2,3}_[A-Z]{2})?/base)?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
1119             player_url)
1120         if not id_m:
1121             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
1122         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
1123         player_id = id_m.group('id')
1124
1125         # Read from filesystem cache
1126         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
1127             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
1128         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
1129
1130         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
1131         if cache_spec is not None:
1132             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
1133
1134         download_note = (
1135             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
1136             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
1137             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
1138         )
1139         if player_type == 'js':
1140             code = self._download_webpage(
1141                 player_url, video_id,
1142                 note=download_note,
1143                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1144             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
1145         elif player_type == 'swf':
1146             urlh = self._request_webpage(
1147                 player_url, video_id,
1148                 note=download_note,
1149                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1150             code = urlh.read()
1151             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
1152         else:
1153             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
1154
1155         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1156         cache_res = res(test_string)
1157         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1158
1159         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
1160         return res
1161
1162     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
1163         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
1164             def _genslice(start, end, step):
1165                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
1166                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
1167                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
1168                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
1169
1170             step = None
1171             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
1172             start = '(Never used)'
1173             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
1174                 if step is not None:
1175                     if i - prev == step:
1176                         continue
1177                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
1178                     step = None
1179                     continue
1180                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
1181                     step = i - prev
1182                     start = prev
1183                     continue
1184                 else:
1185                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
1186             if step is None:
1187                 yield 's[%d]' % i
1188             else:
1189                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
1190
1191         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1192         cache_res = func(test_string)
1193         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1194         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
1195         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
1196             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
1197         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
1198                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
1199         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
1200
1201     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
1202         funcname = self._search_regex(
1203             (r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1204              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1205              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*c\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1206              r'\bc\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1207              r'\bc\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
1208             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
1209
1210         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
1211         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
1212         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1213
1214     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
1215         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
1216         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
1217         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
1218         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
1219         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1220
1221     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
1222         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
1223
1224         if player_url is None:
1225             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
1226
1227         if player_url.startswith('//'):
1228             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
1229         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
1230             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1231                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
1232         try:
1233             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
1234             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
1235                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
1236                     video_id, player_url, s
1237                 )
1238                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
1239             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
1240             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
1241                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
1242             return func(s)
1243         except Exception as e:
1244             tb = traceback.format_exc()
1245             raise ExtractorError(
1246                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
1247
1248     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1249         try:
1250             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
1251                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1252                 video_id, note=False)
1253         except ExtractorError as err:
1254             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1255             return {}
1256
1257         sub_lang_list = {}
1258         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
1259             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
1260             if lang in sub_lang_list:
1261                 continue
1262             sub_formats = []
1263             for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1264                 params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1265                     'lang': lang,
1266                     'v': video_id,
1267                     'fmt': ext,
1268                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
1269                 })
1270                 sub_formats.append({
1271                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
1272                     'ext': ext,
1273                 })
1274             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
1275         if not sub_lang_list:
1276             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1277             return {}
1278         return sub_lang_list
1279
1280     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
1281         patterns = (
1282             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
1283             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
1284             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
1285             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
1286             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
1287             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
1288             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
1289             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
1290             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
1291         )
1292         config = self._search_regex(
1293             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
1294         if config:
1295             return self._parse_json(
1296                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
1297
1298     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
1299         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1300            argument to speed up the process."""
1301         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1302         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
1303         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1304         if not player_config:
1305             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1306             return {}
1307         try:
1308             args = player_config['args']
1309             caption_url = args.get('ttsurl')
1310             if caption_url:
1311                 timestamp = args['timestamp']
1312                 # We get the available subtitles
1313                 list_params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1314                     'type': 'list',
1315                     'tlangs': 1,
1316                     'asrs': 1,
1317                 })
1318                 list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1319                 caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1320                 original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1321                 if original_lang_node is None:
1322                     self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1323                     return {}
1324                 original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1325                 caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
1326
1327                 sub_lang_list = {}
1328                 for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1329                     sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1330                     sub_formats = []
1331                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1332                         params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1333                             'lang': original_lang,
1334                             'tlang': sub_lang,
1335                             'fmt': ext,
1336                             'ts': timestamp,
1337                             'kind': caption_kind,
1338                         })
1339                         sub_formats.append({
1340                             'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
1341                             'ext': ext,
1342                         })
1343                     sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1344                 return sub_lang_list
1345
1346             def make_captions(sub_url, sub_langs):
1347                 parsed_sub_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(sub_url)
1348                 caption_qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_sub_url.query)
1349                 captions = {}
1350                 for sub_lang in sub_langs:
1351                     sub_formats = []
1352                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1353                         caption_qs.update({
1354                             'tlang': [sub_lang],
1355                             'fmt': [ext],
1356                         })
1357                         sub_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_sub_url._replace(
1358                             query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(caption_qs, True)))
1359                         sub_formats.append({
1360                             'url': sub_url,
1361                             'ext': ext,
1362                         })
1363                     captions[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1364                 return captions
1365
1366             # New captions format as of 22.06.2017
1367             player_response = args.get('player_response')
1368             if player_response and isinstance(player_response, compat_str):
1369                 player_response = self._parse_json(
1370                     player_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1371                 if player_response:
1372                     renderer = player_response['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
1373                     base_url = renderer['captionTracks'][0]['baseUrl']
1374                     sub_lang_list = []
1375                     for lang in renderer['translationLanguages']:
1376                         lang_code = lang.get('languageCode')
1377                         if lang_code:
1378                             sub_lang_list.append(lang_code)
1379                     return make_captions(base_url, sub_lang_list)
1380
1381             # Some videos don't provide ttsurl but rather caption_tracks and
1382             # caption_translation_languages (e.g. 20LmZk1hakA)
1383             # Does not used anymore as of 22.06.2017
1384             caption_tracks = args['caption_tracks']
1385             caption_translation_languages = args['caption_translation_languages']
1386             caption_url = compat_parse_qs(caption_tracks.split(',')[0])['u'][0]
1387             sub_lang_list = []
1388             for lang in caption_translation_languages.split(','):
1389                 lang_qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(lang))
1390                 sub_lang = lang_qs.get('lc', [None])[0]
1391                 if sub_lang:
1392                     sub_lang_list.append(sub_lang)
1393             return make_captions(caption_url, sub_lang_list)
1394         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1395         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1396         except (KeyError, IndexError, ExtractorError):
1397             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1398             return {}
1399
1400     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, video_info, player_response):
1401         playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
1402             player_response,
1403             lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']) or try_get(
1404             video_info, lambda x: x['videostats_playback_base_url'][0]))
1405         if not playback_url:
1406             return
1407         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
1408         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
1409
1410         # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
1411         # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
1412         CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
1413         cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))
1414
1415         qs.update({
1416             'ver': ['2'],
1417             'cpn': [cpn],
1418         })
1419         playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
1420             parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
1421
1422         self._download_webpage(
1423             playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
1424             'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
1425
1426     @staticmethod
1427     def _extract_urls(webpage):
1428         # Embedded YouTube player
1429         entries = [
1430             unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
1431             for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
1432             (?:
1433                 <iframe[^>]+?src=|
1434                 data-video-url=|
1435                 <embed[^>]+?src=|
1436                 embedSWF\(?:\s*|
1437                 <object[^>]+data=|
1438                 new\s+SWFObject\(
1439             )
1440             (["\'])
1441                 (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1442                 (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
1443             \1''', webpage)]
1444
1445         # lazyYT YouTube embed
1446         entries.extend(list(map(
1447             unescapeHTML,
1448             re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
1449
1450         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
1451         matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
1452             class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
1453             data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
1454         entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
1455
1456         return entries
1457
1458     @staticmethod
1459     def _extract_url(webpage):
1460         urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
1461         return urls[0] if urls else None
1462
1463     @classmethod
1464     def extract_id(cls, url):
1465         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1466         if mobj is None:
1467             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1468         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1469         return video_id
1470
1471     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
1472         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
1473         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Searching for annotations.', errnote='Unable to download video annotations.')
1474
1475     @staticmethod
1476     def _extract_chapters(description, duration):
1477         if not description:
1478             return None
1479         chapter_lines = re.findall(
1480             r'(?:^|<br\s*/>)([^<]*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']yt\.www\.watch\.player\.seekTo[^>]+>(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?::\d{1,2})?)</a>[^>]*)(?=$|<br\s*/>)',
1481             description)
1482         if not chapter_lines:
1483             return None
1484         chapters = []
1485         for next_num, (chapter_line, time_point) in enumerate(
1486                 chapter_lines, start=1):
1487             start_time = parse_duration(time_point)
1488             if start_time is None:
1489                 continue
1490             if start_time > duration:
1491                 break
1492             end_time = (duration if next_num == len(chapter_lines)
1493                         else parse_duration(chapter_lines[next_num][1]))
1494             if end_time is None:
1495                 continue
1496             if end_time > duration:
1497                 end_time = duration
1498             if start_time > end_time:
1499                 break
1500             chapter_title = re.sub(
1501                 r'<a[^>]+>[^<]+</a>', '', chapter_line).strip(' \t-')
1502             chapter_title = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', chapter_title)
1503             chapters.append({
1504                 'start_time': start_time,
1505                 'end_time': end_time,
1506                 'title': chapter_title,
1507             })
1508         return chapters
1509
1510     def _real_extract(self, url):
1511         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1512
1513         proto = (
1514             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1515             else 'https')
1516
1517         start_time = None
1518         end_time = None
1519         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1520         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1521             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1522             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1523                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1524             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1525                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1526             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1527                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1528
1529         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1530         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1531         if mobj:
1532             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1533         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1534
1535         # Get video webpage
1536         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1537         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
1538
1539         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1540         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1541         if mobj is not None:
1542             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1543         else:
1544             player_url = None
1545
1546         dash_mpds = []
1547
1548         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1549             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1550             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1551                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1552
1553         def add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response):
1554             dash_mpd = url_or_none(try_get(
1555                 pl_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['dashManifestUrl'],
1556                 compat_str))
1557             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd not in dash_mpds:
1558                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd)
1559
1560         is_live = None
1561         view_count = None
1562
1563         def extract_view_count(v_info):
1564             return int_or_none(try_get(v_info, lambda x: x['view_count'][0]))
1565
1566         player_response = {}
1567
1568         # Get video info
1569         embed_webpage = None
1570         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1571             age_gate = True
1572             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1573             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1574             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1575             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1576             data = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1577                 'video_id': video_id,
1578                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1579                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1580                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1581             })
1582             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1583             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1584                 video_info_url, video_id,
1585                 note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1586                 errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1587             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1588             add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1589         else:
1590             age_gate = False
1591             video_info = None
1592             sts = None
1593             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1594             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1595             if ytplayer_config:
1596                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1597                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map') or args.get('hlsvp'):
1598                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1599                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1600                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1601                 # Rental video is not rented but preview is available (e.g.
1602                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg,
1603                 # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10532)
1604                 if not video_info and args.get('ypc_vid'):
1605                     return self.url_result(
1606                         args['ypc_vid'], YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=args['ypc_vid'])
1607                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1608                     is_live = True
1609                 sts = ytplayer_config.get('sts')
1610                 if not player_response:
1611                     pl_response = str_or_none(args.get('player_response'))
1612                     if pl_response:
1613                         pl_response = self._parse_json(pl_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1614                         if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1615                             player_response = pl_response
1616             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1617                 add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1618                 # We also try looking in get_video_info since it may contain different dashmpd
1619                 # URL that points to a DASH manifest with possibly different itag set (some itags
1620                 # are missing from DASH manifest pointed by webpage's dashmpd, some - from DASH
1621                 # manifest pointed by get_video_info's dashmpd).
1622                 # The general idea is to take a union of itags of both DASH manifests (for example
1623                 # video with such 'manifest behavior' see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6093)
1624                 self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
1625                 for el in ('info', 'embedded', 'detailpage', 'vevo', ''):
1626                     query = {
1627                         'video_id': video_id,
1628                         'ps': 'default',
1629                         'eurl': '',
1630                         'gl': 'US',
1631                         'hl': 'en',
1632                     }
1633                     if el:
1634                         query['el'] = el
1635                     if sts:
1636                         query['sts'] = sts
1637                     video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1638                         '%s://www.youtube.com/get_video_info' % proto,
1639                         video_id, note=False,
1640                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage',
1641                         fatal=False, query=query)
1642                     if not video_info_webpage:
1643                         continue
1644                     get_video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1645                     if not player_response:
1646                         pl_response = get_video_info.get('player_response', [None])[0]
1647                         if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1648                             player_response = pl_response
1649                             add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1650                     add_dash_mpd(get_video_info)
1651                     if view_count is None:
1652                         view_count = extract_view_count(get_video_info)
1653                     if not video_info:
1654                         video_info = get_video_info
1655                     if 'token' in get_video_info:
1656                         # Different get_video_info requests may report different results, e.g.
1657                         # some may report video unavailability, but some may serve it without
1658                         # any complaint (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7362,
1659                         # the original webpage as well as el=info and el=embedded get_video_info
1660                         # requests report video unavailability due to geo restriction while
1661                         # el=detailpage succeeds and returns valid data). This is probably
1662                         # due to YouTube measures against IP ranges of hosting providers.
1663                         # Working around by preferring the first succeeded video_info containing
1664                         # the token if no such video_info yet was found.
1665                         if 'token' not in video_info:
1666                             video_info = get_video_info
1667                         break
1668
1669         def extract_unavailable_message():
1670             return self._html_search_regex(
1671                 r'(?s)<h1[^>]+id="unavailable-message"[^>]*>(.+?)</h1>',
1672                 video_webpage, 'unavailable message', default=None)
1673
1674         if not video_info:
1675             unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1676             if not unavailable_message:
1677                 unavailable_message = 'Unable to extract video data'
1678             raise ExtractorError(
1679                 'YouTube said: %s' % unavailable_message, expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1680
1681         if 'token' not in video_info:
1682             if 'reason' in video_info:
1683                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
1684                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta(
1685                         'regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
1686                     countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
1687                     self.raise_geo_restricted(
1688                         msg=video_info['reason'][0], countries=countries)
1689                 reason = video_info['reason'][0]
1690                 if 'Invalid parameters' in reason:
1691                     unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1692                     if unavailable_message:
1693                         reason = unavailable_message
1694                 raise ExtractorError(
1695                     'YouTube said: %s' % reason,
1696                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1697             else:
1698                 raise ExtractorError(
1699                     '"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason',
1700                     video_id=video_id)
1701
1702         if video_info.get('license_info'):
1703             raise ExtractorError('This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
1704
1705         video_details = try_get(
1706             player_response, lambda x: x['videoDetails'], dict) or {}
1707
1708         # title
1709         if 'title' in video_info:
1710             video_title = video_info['title'][0]
1711         elif 'title' in player_response:
1712             video_title = video_details['title']
1713         else:
1714             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1715             video_title = '_'
1716
1717         # description
1718         description_original = video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1719         if video_description:
1720
1721             def replace_url(m):
1722                 redir_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, m.group(1))
1723                 parsed_redir_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(redir_url)
1724                 if re.search(r'^(?:www\.)?(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|youtu\.be)$', parsed_redir_url.netloc) and parsed_redir_url.path == '/redirect':
1725                     qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_redir_url.query)
1726                     q = qs.get('q')
1727                     if q and q[0]:
1728                         return q[0]
1729                 return redir_url
1730
1731             description_original = video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1732                 <a\s+
1733                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1734                     (?:title|href)="([^"]+)"\s+
1735                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1736                     class="[^"]*"[^>]*>
1737                 [^<]+\.{3}\s*
1738                 </a>
1739             ''', replace_url, video_description)
1740             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1741         else:
1742             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1743             if fd_mobj:
1744                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1745             else:
1746                 video_description = ''
1747
1748         if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1749             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1750                 multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
1751                     player_response,
1752                     lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
1753                     compat_str) or try_get(
1754                     video_info, lambda x: x['multifeed_metadata_list'][0], compat_str)
1755                 if multifeed_metadata_list:
1756                     entries = []
1757                     feed_ids = []
1758                     for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1759                         # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
1760                         # fields may contain comma as well (see
1761                         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
1762                         feed_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
1763                         entries.append({
1764                             '_type': 'url_transparent',
1765                             'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1766                             'url': smuggle_url(
1767                                 '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1768                                 {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1769                             'title': '%s (%s)' % (video_title, feed_data['title'][0]),
1770                         })
1771                         feed_ids.append(feed_data['id'][0])
1772                     self.to_screen(
1773                         'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1774                         % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1775                     return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1776             else:
1777                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1778
1779         if view_count is None:
1780             view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1781         if view_count is None and video_details:
1782             view_count = int_or_none(video_details.get('viewCount'))
1783
1784         # Check for "rental" videos
1785         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1786             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported. See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/359 for more information.', expected=True)
1787
1788         def _extract_filesize(media_url):
1789             return int_or_none(self._search_regex(
1790                 r'\bclen[=/](\d+)', media_url, 'filesize', default=None))
1791
1792         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1793             self.report_rtmp_download()
1794             formats = [{
1795                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1796                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1797                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1798                 'player_url': player_url,
1799             }]
1800         elif not is_live and (len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1):
1801             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
1802             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1803                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1804             formats_spec = {}
1805             fmt_list = video_info.get('fmt_list', [''])[0]
1806             if fmt_list:
1807                 for fmt in fmt_list.split(','):
1808                     spec = fmt.split('/')
1809                     if len(spec) > 1:
1810                         width_height = spec[1].split('x')
1811                         if len(width_height) == 2:
1812                             formats_spec[spec[0]] = {
1813                                 'resolution': spec[1],
1814                                 'width': int_or_none(width_height[0]),
1815                                 'height': int_or_none(width_height[1]),
1816                             }
1817             q = qualities(['small', 'medium', 'hd720'])
1818             streaming_formats = try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['formats'], list)
1819             if streaming_formats:
1820                 for fmt in streaming_formats:
1821                     itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
1822                     if not itag:
1823                         continue
1824                     quality = fmt.get('quality')
1825                     quality_label = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality
1826                     formats_spec[itag] = {
1827                         'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
1828                         'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
1829                         'format_note': quality_label,
1830                         'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
1831                         'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
1832                         'quality': q(quality),
1833                         # bitrate for itag 43 is always 2147483647
1834                         'tbr': float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000) if itag != '43' else None,
1835                         'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
1836                     }
1837             formats = []
1838             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1839                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1840                 if 'itag' not in url_data or 'url' not in url_data:
1841                     continue
1842                 stream_type = int_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['stream_type'][0]))
1843                 # Unsupported FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF
1844                 if stream_type == 3:
1845                     continue
1846                 format_id = url_data['itag'][0]
1847                 url = url_data['url'][0]
1848
1849                 if 's' in url_data or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1850                     ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
1851                     jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1852                         ASSETS_RE,
1853                         embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
1854                         'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
1855                     if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
1856                         # We need the embed website after all
1857                         if embed_webpage is None:
1858                             embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1859                             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1860                                 embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1861                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1862                             ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
1863
1864                     player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1865                     if player_url is None:
1866                         player_url_json = self._search_regex(
1867                             r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
1868                             video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
1869                         player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
1870
1871                 if 'sig' in url_data:
1872                     url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1873                 elif 's' in url_data:
1874                     encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1875
1876                     if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1877                         if player_url is None:
1878                             player_version = 'unknown'
1879                             player_desc = 'unknown'
1880                         else:
1881                             if player_url.endswith('swf'):
1882                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1883                                     r'-(.+?)(?:/watch_as3)?\.swf$', player_url,
1884                                     'flash player', fatal=False)
1885                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1886                             else:
1887                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1888                                     [r'html5player-([^/]+?)(?:/html5player(?:-new)?)?\.js',
1889                                      r'(?:www|player(?:_ias)?)-([^/]+)(?:/[a-z]{2,3}_[A-Z]{2})?/base\.js'],
1890                                     player_url,
1891                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1892                                 player_desc = 'html5 player %s' % player_version
1893
1894                         parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
1895                         self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
1896                                        (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
1897
1898                     signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1899                         encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1900                     url += '&signature=' + signature
1901                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1902                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1903
1904                 dct = {
1905                     'format_id': format_id,
1906                     'url': url,
1907                     'player_url': player_url,
1908                 }
1909                 if format_id in self._formats:
1910                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
1911                 if format_id in formats_spec:
1912                     dct.update(formats_spec[format_id])
1913
1914                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
1915                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
1916                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
1917                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
1918                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
1919
1920                 filesize = int_or_none(url_data.get(
1921                     'clen', [None])[0]) or _extract_filesize(url)
1922
1923                 quality = url_data.get('quality', [None])[0]
1924
1925                 more_fields = {
1926                     'filesize': filesize,
1927                     'tbr': float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000),
1928                     'width': width,
1929                     'height': height,
1930                     'fps': int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]),
1931                     'format_note': url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or quality,
1932                     'quality': q(quality),
1933                 }
1934                 for key, value in more_fields.items():
1935                     if value:
1936                         dct[key] = value
1937                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0]
1938                 if type_:
1939                     type_split = type_.split(';')
1940                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
1941                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
1942                         kind, _ = kind_ext
1943                         dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(type_split[0])
1944                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
1945                             codecs = None
1946                             for mobj in re.finditer(
1947                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
1948                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
1949                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
1950                                     break
1951                             if codecs:
1952                                 dct.update(parse_codecs(codecs))
1953                 if dct.get('acodec') == 'none' or dct.get('vcodec') == 'none':
1954                     dct['downloader_options'] = {
1955                         # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
1956                         'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
1957                     }
1958                 formats.append(dct)
1959         else:
1960             manifest_url = (
1961                 url_or_none(try_get(
1962                     player_response,
1963                     lambda x: x['streamingData']['hlsManifestUrl'],
1964                     compat_str)) or
1965                 url_or_none(try_get(
1966                     video_info, lambda x: x['hlsvp'][0], compat_str)))
1967             if manifest_url:
1968                 formats = []
1969                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
1970                     manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
1971                 for a_format in m3u8_formats:
1972                     itag = self._search_regex(
1973                         r'/itag/(\d+)/', a_format['url'], 'itag', default=None)
1974                     if itag:
1975                         a_format['format_id'] = itag
1976                         if itag in self._formats:
1977                             dct = self._formats[itag].copy()
1978                             dct.update(a_format)
1979                             a_format = dct
1980                     a_format['player_url'] = player_url
1981                     # Accept-Encoding header causes failures in live streams on Youtube and Youtube Gaming
1982                     a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = 'True'
1983                     formats.append(a_format)
1984             else:
1985                 error_message = clean_html(video_info.get('reason', [None])[0])
1986                 if not error_message:
1987                     error_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1988                 if error_message:
1989                     raise ExtractorError(error_message, expected=True)
1990                 raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp, hlsManifestUrl or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1991
1992         # uploader
1993         video_uploader = try_get(
1994             video_info, lambda x: x['author'][0],
1995             compat_str) or str_or_none(video_details.get('author'))
1996         if video_uploader:
1997             video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_uploader)
1998         else:
1999             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader name')
2000
2001         # uploader_id
2002         video_uploader_id = None
2003         video_uploader_url = None
2004         mobj = re.search(
2005             r'<link itemprop="url" href="(?P<uploader_url>https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>[^"]+))">',
2006             video_webpage)
2007         if mobj is not None:
2008             video_uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2009             video_uploader_url = mobj.group('uploader_url')
2010         else:
2011             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
2012
2013         channel_id = self._html_search_meta(
2014             'channelId', video_webpage, 'channel id')
2015         channel_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id if channel_id else None
2016
2017         # thumbnail image
2018         # We try first to get a high quality image:
2019         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
2020                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
2021         if m_thumb is not None:
2022             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
2023         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
2024             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
2025             video_thumbnail = None
2026         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
2027             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
2028
2029         # upload date
2030         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
2031             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2032         if not upload_date:
2033             upload_date = self._search_regex(
2034                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
2035                  r'(?:id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?|["\']simpleText["\']\s*:\s*["\'])(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)[<"\']'],
2036                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2037         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
2038
2039         video_license = self._html_search_regex(
2040             r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*License\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li',
2041             video_webpage, 'license', default=None)
2042
2043         m_music = re.search(
2044             r'''(?x)
2045                 <h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*Music\s*</h4>\s*
2046                 <ul[^>]*>\s*
2047                 <li>(?P<title>.+?)
2048                 by (?P<creator>.+?)
2049                 (?:
2050                     \(.+?\)|
2051                     <a[^>]*
2052                         (?:
2053                             \bhref=["\']/red[^>]*>|             # drop possible
2054                             >\s*Listen ad-free with YouTube Red # YouTube Red ad
2055                         )
2056                     .*?
2057                 )?</li
2058             ''',
2059             video_webpage)
2060         if m_music:
2061             video_alt_title = remove_quotes(unescapeHTML(m_music.group('title')))
2062             video_creator = clean_html(m_music.group('creator'))
2063         else:
2064             video_alt_title = video_creator = None
2065
2066         def extract_meta(field):
2067             return self._html_search_regex(
2068                 r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*%s\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li>\s*' % field,
2069                 video_webpage, field, default=None)
2070
2071         track = extract_meta('Song')
2072         artist = extract_meta('Artist')
2073
2074         m_episode = re.search(
2075             r'<div[^>]+id="watch7-headline"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]*>.*?>(?P<series>[^<]+)</a></b>\s*S(?P<season>\d+)\s*•\s*E(?P<episode>\d+)</span>',
2076             video_webpage)
2077         if m_episode:
2078             series = unescapeHTML(m_episode.group('series'))
2079             season_number = int(m_episode.group('season'))
2080             episode_number = int(m_episode.group('episode'))
2081         else:
2082             series = season_number = episode_number = None
2083
2084         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
2085             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
2086             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
2087         if m_cat_container:
2088             category = self._html_search_regex(
2089                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
2090                 default=None)
2091             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
2092         else:
2093             video_categories = None
2094
2095         video_tags = [
2096             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
2097             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
2098
2099         def _extract_count(count_name):
2100             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2101                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
2102                 % re.escape(count_name),
2103                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
2104
2105         like_count = _extract_count('like')
2106         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
2107
2108         if view_count is None:
2109             view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2110                 r'<[^>]+class=["\']watch-view-count[^>]+>\s*([\d,\s]+)', video_webpage,
2111                 'view count', default=None))
2112
2113         # subtitles
2114         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
2115         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
2116
2117         video_duration = try_get(
2118             video_info, lambda x: int_or_none(x['length_seconds'][0]))
2119         if not video_duration:
2120             video_duration = int_or_none(video_details.get('lengthSeconds'))
2121         if not video_duration:
2122             video_duration = parse_duration(self._html_search_meta(
2123                 'duration', video_webpage, 'video duration'))
2124
2125         # annotations
2126         video_annotations = None
2127         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
2128             video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
2129
2130         chapters = self._extract_chapters(description_original, video_duration)
2131
2132         # Look for the DASH manifest
2133         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2134             dash_mpd_fatal = True
2135             for mpd_url in dash_mpds:
2136                 dash_formats = {}
2137                 try:
2138                     def decrypt_sig(mobj):
2139                         s = mobj.group(1)
2140                         dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2141                         return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
2142
2143                     mpd_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, mpd_url)
2144
2145                     for df in self._extract_mpd_formats(
2146                             mpd_url, video_id, fatal=dash_mpd_fatal,
2147                             formats_dict=self._formats):
2148                         if not df.get('filesize'):
2149                             df['filesize'] = _extract_filesize(df['url'])
2150                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
2151                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
2152                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
2153                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
2154                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
2155                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
2156                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
2157                         # can be fixed at all.
2158                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
2159                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
2160                     self.report_warning(
2161                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
2162                 if dash_formats:
2163                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
2164                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
2165                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
2166                     # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
2167                     # example.
2168                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
2169                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
2170
2171         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
2172         stretched_m = re.search(
2173             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
2174             video_webpage)
2175         if stretched_m:
2176             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
2177             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
2178             # yt:stretch may hold invalid ratio data (e.g. for Q39EVAstoRM ratio is 17:0).
2179             # We will only process correct ratios.
2180             if w > 0 and h > 0:
2181                 ratio = w / h
2182                 for f in formats:
2183                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
2184                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
2185
2186         self._sort_formats(formats)
2187
2188         self.mark_watched(video_id, video_info, player_response)
2189
2190         return {
2191             'id': video_id,
2192             'uploader': video_uploader,
2193             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
2194             'uploader_url': video_uploader_url,
2195             'channel_id': channel_id,
2196             'channel_url': channel_url,
2197             'upload_date': upload_date,
2198             'license': video_license,
2199             'creator': video_creator or artist,
2200             'title': video_title,
2201             'alt_title': video_alt_title or track,
2202             'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
2203             'description': video_description,
2204             'categories': video_categories,
2205             'tags': video_tags,
2206             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
2207             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
2208             'duration': video_duration,
2209             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
2210             'annotations': video_annotations,
2211             'chapters': chapters,
2212             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
2213             'view_count': view_count,
2214             'like_count': like_count,
2215             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
2216             'average_rating': float_or_none(video_info.get('avg_rating', [None])[0]),
2217             'formats': formats,
2218             'is_live': is_live,
2219             'start_time': start_time,
2220             'end_time': end_time,
2221             'series': series,
2222             'season_number': season_number,
2223             'episode_number': episode_number,
2224             'track': track,
2225             'artist': artist,
2226         }
2227
2228
2229 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2230     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
2231     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
2232                         (?:https?://)?
2233                         (?:\w+\.)?
2234                         (?:
2235                             (?:
2236                                 youtube\.com|
2237                                 invidio\.us
2238                             )
2239                             /
2240                             (?:
2241                                (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/(?:videoseries|[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}))
2242                                \? (?:.*?[&;])*? (?:p|a|list)=
2243                             |  p/
2244                             )|
2245                             youtu\.be/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}\?.*?\blist=
2246                         )
2247                         (
2248                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|OLAK5uy_)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
2249                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
2250                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
2251                         )
2252                         .*
2253                      |
2254                         (%(playlist_id)s)
2255                      )""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
2256     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
2257     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?'
2258     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
2259     _TESTS = [{
2260         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
2261         'info_dict': {
2262             'title': 'ytdl test PL',
2263             'id': 'PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
2264         },
2265         'playlist_count': 3,
2266     }, {
2267         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
2268         'info_dict': {
2269             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
2270             'title': 'YDL_Empty_List',
2271         },
2272         'playlist_count': 0,
2273         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2274     }, {
2275         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
2276         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2277         'info_dict': {
2278             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
2279             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2280         },
2281         'playlist_count': 95,
2282     }, {
2283         'note': 'issue #673',
2284         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2285         'info_dict': {
2286             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
2287             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2288         },
2289         'playlist_mincount': 26,
2290     }, {
2291         'note': 'Large playlist',
2292         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2293         'info_dict': {
2294             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
2295             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2296         },
2297         'playlist_mincount': 799,
2298     }, {
2299         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2300         'info_dict': {
2301             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
2302             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2303         },
2304         'playlist_count': 2,
2305         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2306     }, {
2307         'note': 'embedded',
2308         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2309         'playlist_count': 4,
2310         'info_dict': {
2311             'title': 'JODA15',
2312             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2313         }
2314     }, {
2315         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2316         'playlist_mincount': 485,
2317         'info_dict': {
2318             'title': '2017 華語最新單曲 (2/24更新)',
2319             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2320         }
2321     }, {
2322         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
2323         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
2324         'playlist_count': 4,
2325         'info_dict': {
2326             'title': 'JODA7',
2327             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
2328         }
2329     }, {
2330         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
2331         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2332         'info_dict': {
2333             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
2334             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2335         },
2336         'playlist_mincount': 21,
2337     }, {
2338         # Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist
2339         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
2340         'info_dict': {
2341             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
2342             'ext': 'webm',
2343             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
2344             'uploader': 'STREEM',
2345             'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2346             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2347             'upload_date': '20150526',
2348             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2349             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
2350             'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
2351             'tags': list,
2352             'view_count': int,
2353             'like_count': int,
2354             'dislike_count': int,
2355         },
2356         'params': {
2357             'skip_download': True,
2358         },
2359         'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
2360     }, {
2361         'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
2362         'info_dict': {
2363             'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
2364             'ext': 'mp4',
2365             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
2366             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
2367             'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
2368             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
2369             'upload_date': '20161008',
2370             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2371             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
2372             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
2373             'tags': list,
2374             'like_count': int,
2375             'dislike_count': int,
2376         },
2377         'params': {
2378             'noplaylist': True,
2379             'skip_download': True,
2380         },
2381     }, {
2382         'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
2383         'only_matching': True,
2384     }, {
2385         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
2386         'only_matching': True,
2387     }, {
2388         # music album playlist
2389         'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
2390         'only_matching': True,
2391     }, {
2392         'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PLDIoUOhQQPlXr63I_vwF9GD8sAKh77dWU',
2393         'only_matching': True,
2394     }]
2395
2396     def _real_initialize(self):
2397         self._login()
2398
2399     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
2400         # The mixes are generated from a single video
2401         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
2402         ids = []
2403         last_id = playlist_id[-11:]
2404         for n in itertools.count(1):
2405             url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (last_id, playlist_id)
2406             webpage = self._download_webpage(
2407                 url, playlist_id, 'Downloading page {0} of Youtube mix'.format(n))
2408             new_ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
2409                 r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
2410                            href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
2411                 webpage))
2412             # Fetch new pages until all the videos are repeated, it seems that
2413             # there are always 51 unique videos.
2414             new_ids = [_id for _id in new_ids if _id not in ids]
2415             if not new_ids:
2416                 break
2417             ids.extend(new_ids)
2418             last_id = ids[-1]
2419
2420         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
2421
2422         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
2423         title_span = (
2424             search_title('playlist-title') or
2425             search_title('title long-title') or
2426             search_title('title'))
2427         title = clean_html(title_span)
2428
2429         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
2430
2431     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
2432         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
2433         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
2434
2435         # the yt-alert-message now has tabindex attribute (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11604)
2436         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>', page):
2437             match = match.strip()
2438             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
2439             mobj = re.match(r'[^<]*(?:The|This) playlist (?P<reason>does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match)
2440             if mobj:
2441                 reason = mobj.group('reason')
2442                 message = 'This playlist %s' % reason
2443                 if 'private' in reason:
2444                     message += ', use --username or --netrc to access it'
2445                 message += '.'
2446                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
2447             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
2448                 raise ExtractorError(
2449                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
2450                     expected=True)
2451             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
2452                 continue
2453             else:
2454                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
2455
2456         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
2457             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
2458             page, 'title', default=None)
2459
2460         _UPLOADER_BASE = r'class=["\']pl-header-details[^>]+>\s*<li>\s*<a[^>]+\bhref='
2461         uploader = self._search_regex(
2462             r'%s["\']/(?:user|channel)/[^>]+>([^<]+)' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2463             page, 'uploader', default=None)
2464         mobj = re.search(
2465             r'%s(["\'])(?P<path>/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>.+?))\1' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2466             page)
2467         if mobj:
2468             uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2469             uploader_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('path'))
2470         else:
2471             uploader_id = uploader_url = None
2472
2473         has_videos = True
2474
2475         if not playlist_title:
2476             try:
2477                 # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (e.g.
2478                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4)
2479                 next(self._entries(page, playlist_id))
2480             except StopIteration:
2481                 has_videos = False
2482
2483         playlist = self.playlist_result(
2484             self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
2485         playlist.update({
2486             'uploader': uploader,
2487             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
2488             'uploader_url': uploader_url,
2489         })
2490
2491         return has_videos, playlist
2492
2493     def _check_download_just_video(self, url, playlist_id):
2494         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
2495         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
2496         video_id = query_dict.get('v', [None])[0] or self._search_regex(
2497             r'(?:(?:^|//)youtu\.be/|youtube\.com/embed/(?!videoseries))([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', url,
2498             'video id', default=None)
2499         if video_id:
2500             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
2501                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
2502                 return video_id, self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2503             else:
2504                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
2505                 return video_id, None
2506         return None, None
2507
2508     def _real_extract(self, url):
2509         # Extract playlist id
2510         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2511         if mobj is None:
2512             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
2513         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
2514
2515         video_id, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, playlist_id)
2516         if video:
2517             return video
2518
2519         if playlist_id.startswith(('RD', 'UL', 'PU')):
2520             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
2521             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
2522
2523         has_videos, playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
2524         if has_videos or not video_id:
2525             return playlist
2526
2527         # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (see
2528         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10537).
2529         # Fallback to plain video extraction if there is a video id
2530         # along with playlist id.
2531         return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2532
2533
2534 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2535     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
2536     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|(?:www\.)?invidio\.us)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
2537     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
2538     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
2539     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
2540     _TESTS = [{
2541         'note': 'paginated channel',
2542         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2543         'playlist_mincount': 91,
2544         'info_dict': {
2545             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2546             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
2547         }
2548     }, {
2549         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
2550         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
2551         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2552         'playlist_mincount': 64,
2553         'info_dict': {
2554             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2555             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
2556         },
2557     }, {
2558         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UC23qupoDRn9YOAVzeoxjOQA',
2559         'only_matching': True,
2560     }]
2561
2562     @classmethod
2563     def suitable(cls, url):
2564         return (False if YoutubePlaylistsIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeLiveIE.suitable(url)
2565                 else super(YoutubeChannelIE, cls).suitable(url))
2566
2567     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2568         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
2569
2570     def _real_extract(self, url):
2571         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
2572
2573         url = self._build_template_url(url, channel_id)
2574
2575         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
2576         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
2577         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
2578         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
2579             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
2580             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
2581         if channel_page is False:
2582             channel_playlist_id = False
2583         else:
2584             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
2585                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
2586             if not channel_playlist_id:
2587                 channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
2588                     ('al:ios:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad'),
2589                     channel_page, 'channel url', default=None)
2590                 if channel_url:
2591                     channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
2592                         r'vnd\.youtube://user/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)',
2593                         channel_url, 'channel id', default=None)
2594         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
2595             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
2596             return self.url_result(
2597                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
2598
2599         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
2600         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
2601                 class="[^"]*?(?:
2602                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
2603                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
2604                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
2605
2606         if autogenerated:
2607             # The videos are contained in a single page
2608             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
2609             entries = [
2610                 self.url_result(
2611                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
2612                     video_title=video_title)
2613                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
2614             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
2615
2616         try:
2617             next(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id))
2618         except StopIteration:
2619             alert_message = self._html_search_regex(
2620                 r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=(["\']).*?\byt-alert-message\b.*?\1[^>]*>(?P<alert>[^<]+)</div>',
2621                 channel_page, 'alert', default=None, group='alert')
2622             if alert_message:
2623                 raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message, expected=True)
2624
2625         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
2626
2627
2628 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
2629     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
2630     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?P<user>user|c)/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results|shared)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
2631     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/%s/%s/videos'
2632     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
2633
2634     _TESTS = [{
2635         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
2636         'playlist_mincount': 320,
2637         'info_dict': {
2638             'id': 'UUfX55Sx5hEFjoC3cNs6mCUQ',
2639             'title': 'Uploads from The Linux Foundation',
2640         }
2641     }, {
2642         # Only available via https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos
2643         # but not https://www.youtube.com/user/12minuteathlete/videos
2644         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos',
2645         'playlist_mincount': 249,
2646         'info_dict': {
2647             'id': 'UUVjM-zV6_opMDx7WYxnjZiQ',
2648             'title': 'Uploads from 12 Minute Athlete',
2649         }
2650     }, {
2651         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
2652         'only_matching': True,
2653     }, {
2654         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/gametrailers',
2655         'only_matching': True,
2656     }, {
2657         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/gametrailers',
2658         'only_matching': True,
2659     }, {
2660         # This channel is not available, geo restricted to JP
2661         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/kananishinoSMEJ/videos',
2662         'only_matching': True,
2663     }]
2664
2665     @classmethod
2666     def suitable(cls, url):
2667         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
2668         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
2669         other_yt_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.startswith('Youtube') and name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
2670         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_yt_ies):
2671             return False
2672         else:
2673             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
2674
2675     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2676         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2677         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % (mobj.group('user') or 'user', mobj.group('id'))
2678
2679
2680 class YoutubeLiveIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2681     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com live streams'
2682     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:user|channel|c)/)?(?P<id>[^/]+))/live'
2683     IE_NAME = 'youtube:live'
2684
2685     _TESTS = [{
2686         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
2687         'info_dict': {
2688             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
2689             'ext': 'mp4',
2690             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
2691             'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
2692             'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
2693             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
2694             'upload_date': '20150715',
2695             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2696             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
2697             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
2698             'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
2699             'like_count': int,
2700             'dislike_count': int,
2701         },
2702         'params': {
2703             'skip_download': True,
2704         },
2705     }, {
2706         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
2707         'only_matching': True,
2708     }, {
2709         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
2710         'only_matching': True,
2711     }, {
2712         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
2713         'only_matching': True,
2714     }]
2715
2716     def _real_extract(self, url):
2717         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2718         channel_id = mobj.group('id')
2719         base_url = mobj.group('base_url')
2720         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, fatal=False)
2721         if webpage:
2722             page_type = self._og_search_property(
2723                 'type', webpage, 'page type', default='')
2724             video_id = self._html_search_meta(
2725                 'videoId', webpage, 'video id', default=None)
2726             if page_type.startswith('video') and video_id and re.match(
2727                     r'^[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}$', video_id):
2728                 return self.url_result(video_id, YoutubeIE.ie_key())
2729         return self.url_result(base_url)
2730
2731
2732 class YoutubePlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
2733     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user/channel playlists'
2734     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
2735     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlists'
2736
2737     _TESTS = [{
2738         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
2739         'playlist_mincount': 4,
2740         'info_dict': {
2741             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
2742             'title': 'Thirst for Science',
2743         },
2744     }, {
2745         # with "Load more" button
2746         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
2747         'playlist_mincount': 70,
2748         'info_dict': {
2749             'id': 'igorkle1',
2750             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
2751         },
2752     }, {
2753         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw/playlists',
2754         'playlist_mincount': 17,
2755         'info_dict': {
2756             'id': 'UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw',
2757             'title': 'Chem Player',
2758         },
2759     }]
2760
2761
2762 class YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2763     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})(?:[^"]*"[^>]+\btitle="(?P<title>[^"]+))?'
2764
2765
2766 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
2767     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
2768     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
2769     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
2770     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
2771     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
2772     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
2773     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
2774     _TESTS = []
2775
2776     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
2777         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
2778
2779         videos = []
2780         limit = n
2781
2782         url_query = {
2783             'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
2784         }
2785         url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
2786         result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(url_query)
2787
2788         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
2789             data = self._download_json(
2790                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
2791                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
2792                 errnote='Unable to download API page',
2793                 query={'spf': 'navigate'})
2794             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
2795
2796             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
2797                 raise ExtractorError(
2798                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
2799
2800             new_videos = list(self._process_page(html_content))
2801             videos += new_videos
2802             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
2803                 break
2804             next_link = self._html_search_regex(
2805                 r'href="(/results\?[^"]*\bsp=[^"]+)"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]+class="[^"]*\byt-uix-button-content\b[^"]*"[^>]*>Next',
2806                 html_content, 'next link', default=None)
2807             if next_link is None:
2808                 break
2809             result_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', next_link)
2810
2811         if len(videos) > n:
2812             videos = videos[:n]
2813         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
2814
2815
2816 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
2817     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
2818     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
2819     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
2820     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
2821
2822
2823 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
2824     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
2825     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
2826     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
2827     _TESTS = [{
2828         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
2829         'playlist_mincount': 5,
2830         'info_dict': {
2831             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
2832         }
2833     }, {
2834         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
2835         'only_matching': True,
2836     }]
2837
2838     def _real_extract(self, url):
2839         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2840         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
2841         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
2842         return self.playlist_result(self._process_page(webpage), playlist_title=query)
2843
2844
2845 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
2846     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
2847     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
2848     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
2849     _TESTS = [{
2850         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
2851         'playlist_mincount': 5,
2852         'info_dict': {
2853             'id': 'airdisasters',
2854             'title': 'Air Disasters',
2855         }
2856     }]
2857
2858     def _real_extract(self, url):
2859         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
2860         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
2861             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
2862
2863
2864 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2865     """
2866     Base class for feed extractors
2867     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
2868     """
2869     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
2870
2871     @property
2872     def IE_NAME(self):
2873         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
2874
2875     def _real_initialize(self):
2876         self._login()
2877
2878     def _entries(self, page):
2879         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
2880         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
2881         ids = []
2882         more_widget_html = content_html = page
2883         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
2884             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
2885
2886             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
2887             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
2888             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
2889             new_ids = list(filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches)))
2890             if not new_ids:
2891                 break
2892
2893             ids.extend(new_ids)
2894
2895             for entry in self._ids_to_results(new_ids):
2896                 yield entry
2897
2898             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
2899             if not mobj:
2900                 break
2901
2902             more = self._download_json(
2903                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
2904                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
2905                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
2906             content_html = more['content_html']
2907             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
2908
2909     def _real_extract(self, url):
2910         page = self._download_webpage(
2911             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
2912             self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
2913         return self.playlist_result(
2914             self._entries(page), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
2915
2916
2917 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
2918     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
2919     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
2920     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|(?:playlist|watch)\?(?:.+&)?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
2921
2922     _TESTS = [{
2923         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL',
2924         'only_matching': True,
2925     }, {
2926         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCNU9TrbiRk&index=1&list=WL',
2927         'only_matching': True,
2928     }]
2929
2930     def _real_extract(self, url):
2931         _, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, 'WL')
2932         if video:
2933             return video
2934         _, playlist = self._extract_playlist('WL')
2935         return playlist
2936
2937
2938 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2939     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
2940     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
2941     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
2942     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
2943
2944     def _real_extract(self, url):
2945         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
2946         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
2947         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
2948
2949
2950 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2951     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
2952     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
2953     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
2954     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
2955
2956
2957 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2958     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
2959     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
2960     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
2961     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
2962
2963
2964 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2965     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
2966     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
2967     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
2968     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
2969
2970
2971 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
2972     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
2973     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
2974     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
2975         (?:https?://)?
2976         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
2977         (?:watch\?(?:
2978             feature=[a-z_]+|
2979             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
2980             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
2981             hl=[^&]*|
2982             t=[0-9]+
2983         )?
2984         |
2985             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
2986         )
2987         $
2988     '''
2989
2990     _TESTS = [{
2991         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
2992         'only_matching': True,
2993     }, {
2994         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
2995         'only_matching': True,
2996     }, {
2997         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
2998         'only_matching': True,
2999     }, {
3000         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
3001         'only_matching': True,
3002     }, {
3003         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
3004         'only_matching': True,
3005     }, {
3006         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
3007         'only_matching': True,
3008     }]
3009
3010     def _real_extract(self, url):
3011         raise ExtractorError(
3012             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
3013             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
3014             'like  youtube-dl '
3015             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
3016             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
3017             expected=True)
3018
3019
3020 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
3021     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
3022     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3023     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
3024
3025     _TESTS = [{
3026         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
3027         'only_matching': True,
3028     }]
3029
3030     def _real_extract(self, url):
3031         video_id = self._match_id(url)
3032         raise ExtractorError(
3033             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
3034             expected=True)