_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import random
  10 import re
  11 import time
  12 import traceback
  13
  14 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  15 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  16 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  17 from ..compat import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_HTTPError,
  20     compat_kwargs,
  21     compat_parse_qs,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  23     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  24     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  25     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  26     compat_urlparse,
  27     compat_str,
  28 )
  29 from ..utils import (
  30     bool_or_none,
  31     clean_html,
  32     error_to_compat_str,
  33     extract_attributes,
  34     ExtractorError,
  35     float_or_none,
  36     get_element_by_attribute,
  37     get_element_by_id,
  38     int_or_none,
  39     mimetype2ext,
  40     orderedSet,
  41     parse_codecs,
  42     parse_duration,
  43     remove_quotes,
  44     remove_start,
  45     smuggle_url,
  46     str_or_none,
  47     str_to_int,
  48     try_get,
  49     unescapeHTML,
  50     unified_strdate,
  51     unsmuggle_url,
  52     uppercase_escape,
  53     url_or_none,
  54     urlencode_postdata,
  55 )
  56
  57
  58 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  59     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  60     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  61     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  62
  63     _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
  64     _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
  65     _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
  66
  67     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  68     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  69     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  70
  71     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}'
  72
  73     _YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS = {
  74         'x-youtube-client-name': '1',
  75         'x-youtube-client-version': '1.20200609.04.02',
  76     }
  77
  78     def _set_language(self):
  79         self._set_cookie(
  80             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&f6=8&hl=en',
  81             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  82             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  83
  84     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  85         return [
  86             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  87             for vid_id in ids]
  88
  89     def _login(self):
  90         """
  91         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  92         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  93         False is returned if login failed.
  94
  95         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  96         """
  97         username, password = self._get_login_info()
  98         # No authentication to be performed
  99         if username is None:
 100             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is None:
 101                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
 102             return True
 103
 104         login_page = self._download_webpage(
 105             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
 106             note='Downloading login page',
 107             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
 108         if login_page is False:
 109             return
 110
 111         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 112
 113         def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
 114             data = login_form.copy()
 115             data.update({
 116                 'pstMsg': 1,
 117                 'checkConnection': 'youtube',
 118                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 119                 'hl': 'en',
 120                 'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
 121                 'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
 122                 'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
 123                 'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
 124                 # TODO: reverse actual botguard identifier generation algo
 125                 'bgRequest': '["identifier",""]',
 126             })
 127             return self._download_json(
 128                 url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
 129                 transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
 130                 fatal=False,
 131                 data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
 132                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
 133                     'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
 134                 })
 135
 136         def warn(message):
 137             self._downloader.report_warning(message)
 138
 139         lookup_req = [
 140             username,
 141             None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
 142             [
 143                 None, None,
 144                 [2, 1, None, 1,
 145                  'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
 146                  None, [], 4],
 147                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 148             ],
 149             username,
 150         ]
 151
 152         lookup_results = req(
 153             self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
 154             'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
 155
 156         if lookup_results is False:
 157             return False
 158
 159         user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
 160         if not user_hash:
 161             warn('Unable to extract user hash')
 162             return False
 163
 164         challenge_req = [
 165             user_hash,
 166             None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
 167             [
 168                 None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
 169                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 170             ]]
 171
 172         challenge_results = req(
 173             self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
 174             'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
 175
 176         if challenge_results is False:
 177             return
 178
 179         login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 180         if login_res:
 181             login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 182             warn(
 183                 'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
 184                 if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
 185             return False
 186
 187         res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
 188         if not res:
 189             warn('Unable to extract result entry')
 190             return False
 191
 192         login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
 193         if login_challenge:
 194             challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 195             if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
 196                 # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
 197                 # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
 198                 status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 199                 if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
 200                     warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
 201                     return False
 202
 203                 tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
 204                 if not tl:
 205                     warn('Unable to extract TL')
 206                     return False
 207
 208                 tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 209
 210                 if not tfa_code:
 211                     warn(
 212                         'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 213                         '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 214                     return False
 215
 216                 tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 217
 218                 tfa_req = [
 219                     user_hash, None, 2, None,
 220                     [
 221                         9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
 222                         [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
 223                     ]]
 224
 225                 tfa_results = req(
 226                     self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
 227                     'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
 228
 229                 if tfa_results is False:
 230                     return False
 231
 232                 tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 233                 if tfa_res:
 234                     tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 235                     warn(
 236                         'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
 237                         if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
 238                     return False
 239
 240                 check_cookie_url = try_get(
 241                     tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
 242             else:
 243                 CHALLENGES = {
 244                     'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 245                     'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
 246                     'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 247                 }
 248                 challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
 249                     challenge_str,
 250                     '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
 251                 warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
 252                 return False
 253         else:
 254             check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 255
 256         if not check_cookie_url:
 257             warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
 258             return False
 259
 260         check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
 261             check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
 262
 263         if check_cookie_results is False:
 264             return False
 265
 266         if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
 267             warn('Unable to log in')
 268             return False
 269
 270         return True
 271
 272     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
 273         query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
 274         query['disable_polymer'] = 'true'
 275         kwargs['query'] = query
 276         return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
 277             *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
 278
 279     def _real_initialize(self):
 280         if self._downloader is None:
 281             return
 282         self._set_language()
 283         if not self._login():
 284             return
 285
 286
 287 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 288     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 289     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 290         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 291         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 292             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 293                 yield entry
 294
 295             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 296             if not mobj:
 297                 break
 298
 299             count = 0
 300             retries = 3
 301             while count <= retries:
 302                 try:
 303                     # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
 304                     # that is usually worked around with a retry
 305                     more = self._download_json(
 306                         'https://www.youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 307                         'Downloading page #%s%s'
 308                         % (page_num, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''),
 309                         transform_source=uppercase_escape,
 310                         headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
 311                     break
 312                 except ExtractorError as e:
 313                     if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503):
 314                         count += 1
 315                         if count <= retries:
 316                             continue
 317                     raise
 318
 319             content_html = more['content_html']
 320             if not content_html.strip():
 321                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 322                 # have more videos
 323                 break
 324             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 325
 326
 327 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 328     def _process_page(self, content):
 329         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 330             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 331
 332     def extract_videos_from_page_impl(self, video_re, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page):
 333         for mobj in re.finditer(video_re, page):
 334             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 335             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 336                 continue
 337             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 338             video_title = unescapeHTML(
 339                 mobj.group('title')) if 'title' in mobj.groupdict() else None
 340             if video_title:
 341                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 342             if video_title == '► Play all':
 343                 video_title = None
 344             try:
 345                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 346                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 347                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 348             except ValueError:
 349                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 350                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 351
 352     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 353         ids_in_page = []
 354         titles_in_page = []
 355         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
 356             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 357         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 358
 359
 360 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 361     def _process_page(self, content):
 362         for playlist_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
 363                 r'<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*><a[^>]+href="/?playlist\?list=([0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})"',
 364                 content)):
 365             yield self.url_result(
 366                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 367
 368     def _real_extract(self, url):
 369         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 370         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 371         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 372         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 373
 374
 375 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 376     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 377     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 378                      (
 379                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 380                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com/|
 381                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 382                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 383                             (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com/|
 384                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 385                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 386                             # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/omarroth/invidious/wiki/Invidious-Instances
 387                             (?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us/|
 388                             (?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh/|
 389                             (?:(?:www|fi|de)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org/|
 390                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk/|
 391                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 392                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host/|
 393                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz/|
 394                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr/|
 395                             (?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co/|
 396                             (?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx/|
 397                             (?:www\.)?yewtu\.be/|
 398                             (?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org/|
 399                             (?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi/|
 400                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de/|
 401                             (?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh/|
 402                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 403                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln/|
 404                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr/|
 405                             (?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com/|
 406                             (?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion/|
 407                             (?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion/|
 408                             (?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion/|
 409                             (?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion/|
 410                             (?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion/|
 411                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion/|
 412                             (?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p/|
 413                             (?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion/|
 414                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 415                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 416                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 417                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 418                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 419                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 420                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 421                                  (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
 422                                  v=
 423                              )
 424                          ))
 425                          |(?:
 426                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 427                             vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
 428                             zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
 429                          )/
 430                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 431                          )
 432                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 433                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 434                      (?!.*?\blist=
 435                         (?:
 436                             %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 437                             WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
 438                         )
 439                      )
 440                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 441                      $""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
 442     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 443     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
 444         r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?/base\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 445         r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 446     )
 447     _formats = {
 448         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 449         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 450         '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 451         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 452         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 453         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 454         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 455         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 456         # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
 457         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 458         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 459         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 460         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 461         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 462         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 463         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 464         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 465         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 466
 467
 468         # 3D videos
 469         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 470         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 471         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 472         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 473         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 474         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 475         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 476
 477         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 478         '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 479         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 480         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 481         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 482         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 483         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 484         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 485         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 486
 487         # DASH mp4 video
 488         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 489         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 490         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 491         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 492         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 493         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 494         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 495         '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 496         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 497         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 498         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 499         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 500
 501         # Dash mp4 audio
 502         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 503         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 504         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 505         '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 506         '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 507         '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 508         '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 509
 510         # Dash webm
 511         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 512         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 513         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 514         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 515         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 516         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 517         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 518         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 519         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 520         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 521         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 522         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 523         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 524         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 525         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 526         # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
 527         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 528         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 529         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 530         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 531         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 532         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 533
 534         # Dash webm audio
 535         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
 536         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
 537
 538         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 539         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
 540         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
 541         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
 542
 543         # RTMP (unnamed)
 544         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 545
 546         # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
 547         '394': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 548         '395': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 549         '396': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 550         '397': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 551     }
 552     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 553
 554     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 555
 556     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 557     _TESTS = [
 558         {
 559             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
 560             'info_dict': {
 561                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 562                 'ext': 'mp4',
 563                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 564                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 565                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 566                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 567                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 568                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 569                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 570                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 571                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 572                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 573                 'duration': 10,
 574                 'view_count': int,
 575                 'like_count': int,
 576                 'dislike_count': int,
 577                 'start_time': 1,
 578                 'end_time': 9,
 579             }
 580         },
 581         {
 582             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 583             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 584             'info_dict': {
 585                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 586                 'ext': 'mp4',
 587                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 588                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 589                 'alt_title': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 590                 'description': 'md5:19a2f98d9032b9311e686ed039564f63',
 591                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 592                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 593                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 594                 'duration': 180,
 595                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 596                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 597                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IconaPop',
 598                 'creator': 'Icona Pop',
 599                 'track': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 600                 'artist': 'Icona Pop',
 601             }
 602         },
 603         {
 604             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 605             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 606             'info_dict': {
 607                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 608                 'ext': 'mp4',
 609                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 610                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Official Music Video) (Explicit)',
 611                 'alt_title': 'Tunnel Vision',
 612                 'description': 'md5:07dab3356cde4199048e4c7cd93471e1',
 613                 'duration': 419,
 614                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 615                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 616                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/justintimberlakeVEVO',
 617                 'creator': 'Justin Timberlake',
 618                 'track': 'Tunnel Vision',
 619                 'artist': 'Justin Timberlake',
 620                 'age_limit': 18,
 621             }
 622         },
 623         {
 624             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 625             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 626             'info_dict': {
 627                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 628                 'ext': 'mp4',
 629                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 630                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 631                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 632                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 633                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 634                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
 635                 'age_limit': 18,
 636             }
 637         },
 638         {
 639             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 640             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 641             'info_dict': {
 642                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 643                 'ext': 'mp4',
 644                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 645                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 646                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 647                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 648                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 649                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 650                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 651                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 652                 'duration': 10,
 653                 'view_count': int,
 654                 'like_count': int,
 655                 'dislike_count': int,
 656             },
 657             'params': {
 658                 'skip_download': True,
 659             },
 660         },
 661         {
 662             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 663             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 664             'info_dict': {
 665                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 666                 'ext': 'm4a',
 667                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 668                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 669                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
 670                 'description': '',
 671                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 672                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 673             },
 674             'params': {
 675                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 676                 'format': '141',
 677             },
 678             'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
 679         },
 680         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 681         {
 682             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 683             'info_dict': {
 684                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 685                 'ext': 'm4a',
 686                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
 687                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
 688                 'duration': 244,
 689                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 690                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 691                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 692             },
 693             'params': {
 694                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 695                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 696             },
 697         },
 698         # JS player signature function name containing $
 699         {
 700             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 701             'info_dict': {
 702                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 703                 'ext': 'm4a',
 704                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 705                 'description': 'md5:307195cd21ff7fa352270fe884570ef0',
 706                 'duration': 242,
 707                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 708                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 709                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 710             },
 711             'params': {
 712                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 713                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 714             },
 715         },
 716         # Controversy video
 717         {
 718             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 719             'info_dict': {
 720                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 721                 'ext': 'mp4',
 722                 'duration': 219,
 723                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 724                 'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
 725                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 726                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
 727                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 728                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 729             }
 730         },
 731         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 732         {
 733             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 734             'info_dict': {
 735                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 736                 'ext': 'mp4',
 737                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 738                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 739                 'duration': 142,
 740                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 741                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 742                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
 743                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 744                 'age_limit': 18,
 745             },
 746         },
 747         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 748         {
 749             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 750             'info_dict': {
 751                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 752                 'ext': 'mp4',
 753                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 754                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 755                 'duration': 246,
 756                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 757                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 758                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/LloydVEVO',
 759                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 760                 'age_limit': 18,
 761             },
 762         },
 763         # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 764         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
 765         {
 766             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 767             'info_dict': {
 768                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 769                 'ext': 'mp4',
 770                 'duration': 266,
 771                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 772                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 773                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
 774                 'creator': 'Dada Life, deadmau5',
 775                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 776                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 777                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 778                 'alt_title': 'This Machine Kills Some Chords',
 779             },
 780             'expected_warnings': [
 781                 'DASH manifest missing',
 782             ]
 783         },
 784         # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 785         {
 786             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 787             'info_dict': {
 788                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 789                 'ext': 'mp4',
 790                 'duration': 6085,
 791                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 792                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 793                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
 794                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 795                 'uploader': 'Olympic',
 796                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 797             },
 798             'params': {
 799                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 800             }
 801         },
 802         # Non-square pixels
 803         {
 804             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 805             'info_dict': {
 806                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 807                 'ext': 'mp4',
 808                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 809                 'duration': 85,
 810                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 811                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 812                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
 813                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 814                 'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
 815                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 816             },
 817         },
 818         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 819         {
 820             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 821             'info_dict': {
 822                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 823                 'ext': 'webm',
 824                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 825                 'description': '',
 826                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 827                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 828                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 829             },
 830             'params': {
 831                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 832             },
 833             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 834         },
 835         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 836         {
 837             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 838             'info_dict': {
 839                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 840                 'ext': 'webm',
 841                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 842                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 843                 'duration': 220,
 844                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 845                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 846                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
 847                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 848                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
 849             },
 850             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
 851         },
 852         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 853         {
 854             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 855             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 856             'info_dict': {
 857                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 858                 'ext': 'mp4',
 859                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 860                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 861                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 862                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 863                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 864             },
 865             'params': {
 866                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 867                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 868             },
 869             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 870         },
 871         {
 872             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 873             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 874             'info_dict': {
 875                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 876                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 877                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 878             },
 879             'playlist': [{
 880                 'info_dict': {
 881                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 882                     'ext': 'mp4',
 883                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 884                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 885                     'duration': 7335,
 886                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 887                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 888                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 889                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 890                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 891                 },
 892             }, {
 893                 'info_dict': {
 894                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 895                     'ext': 'mp4',
 896                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 897                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 898                     'duration': 7337,
 899                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 900                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 901                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 902                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 903                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 904                 },
 905             }, {
 906                 'info_dict': {
 907                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 908                     'ext': 'mp4',
 909                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 910                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 911                     'duration': 7337,
 912                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 913                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 914                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 915                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 916                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 917                 },
 918             }, {
 919                 'info_dict': {
 920                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 921                     'ext': 'mp4',
 922                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 923                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 924                     'duration': 7334,
 925                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 926                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 927                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 928                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 929                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 930                 },
 931             }],
 932             'params': {
 933                 'skip_download': True,
 934             },
 935             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 936         },
 937         {
 938             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
 939             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
 940             'info_dict': {
 941                 'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
 942                 'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
 943             },
 944             'playlist_count': 2,
 945             'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
 946         },
 947         {
 948             'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 949             'only_matching': True,
 950         },
 951         {
 952             'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
 953             'only_matching': True,
 954         },
 955         {
 956             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 957             # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
 958             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
 959             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
 960             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 961             'info_dict': {
 962                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 963                 'ext': 'mp4',
 964                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 965                 'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 966                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 967                 'duration': 133,
 968                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 969                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 970                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
 971                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 972                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 973                 'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 974                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 975                 'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
 976             },
 977             'params': {
 978                 'skip_download': True,
 979             },
 980         },
 981         {
 982             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 983             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 984             'only_matching': True,
 985         },
 986         {
 987             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 988             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 989             'info_dict': {
 990                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 991                 'ext': 'mp4',
 992                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 993                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 994                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 995                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 996                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 997             },
 998             'params': {
 999                 'skip_download': True,
1000             },
1001             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
1002         },
1003         {
1004             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
1005             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
1006             'info_dict': {
1007                 'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
1008                 'ext': 'mp4',
1009                 'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
1010                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
1011                 'duration': 721,
1012                 'upload_date': '20150127',
1013                 'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
1014                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
1015                 'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
1016                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1017             },
1018             'params': {
1019                 'skip_download': True,
1020             },
1021         },
1022         {
1023             # Channel-like uploader_url
1024             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
1025             'info_dict': {
1026                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
1027                 'ext': 'mp4',
1028                 'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
1029                 'description': 'md5:dda0d780d5a6e120758d1711d062a867',
1030                 'duration': 4060,
1031                 'upload_date': '20151119',
1032                 'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
1033                 'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1034                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1035                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1036             },
1037             'params': {
1038                 'skip_download': True,
1039             },
1040         },
1041         {
1042             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
1043             'only_matching': True,
1044         },
1045         {
1046             # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
1047             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
1048             'only_matching': True,
1049         },
1050         {
1051             # Rental video preview
1052             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
1053             'info_dict': {
1054                 'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
1055                 'ext': 'mp4',
1056                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
1057                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
1058                 'upload_date': '20150811',
1059                 'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
1060                 'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
1061                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
1062                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
1063             },
1064             'params': {
1065                 'skip_download': True,
1066             },
1067             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
1068         },
1069         {
1070             # YouTube Red video with episode data
1071             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
1072             'info_dict': {
1073                 'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
1074                 'ext': 'mp4',
1075                 'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
1076                 'description': 'md5:46a29be4ceffa65b92d277b93f463c0f',
1077                 'duration': 2085,
1078                 'upload_date': '20170118',
1079                 'uploader': 'Vsauce',
1080                 'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
1081                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
1082                 'series': 'Mind Field',
1083                 'season_number': 1,
1084                 'episode_number': 1,
1085             },
1086             'params': {
1087                 'skip_download': True,
1088             },
1089             'expected_warnings': [
1090                 'Skipping DASH manifest',
1091             ],
1092         },
1093         {
1094             # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
1095             # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
1096             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
1097             'info_dict': {
1098                 'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
1099                 'ext': 'mp4',
1100                 'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
1101                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
1102                 'duration': 965,
1103                 'upload_date': '20140124',
1104                 'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
1105                 'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1106                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1107             },
1108             'params': {
1109                 'skip_download': True,
1110             },
1111         },
1112         {
1113             # itag 212
1114             'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
1115             'only_matching': True,
1116         },
1117         {
1118             # geo restricted to JP
1119             'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
1120             'only_matching': True,
1121         },
1122         {
1123             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
1124             'only_matching': True,
1125         },
1126         {
1127             'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
1128             'only_matching': True,
1129         },
1130         {
1131             # DRM protected
1132             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
1133             'only_matching': True,
1134         },
1135         {
1136             # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
1137             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1138             'info_dict': {
1139                 'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1140                 'ext': 'mp4',
1141                 'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
1142                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
1143                 'duration': 433,
1144                 'upload_date': '20130923',
1145                 'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
1146                 'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1147                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1148                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
1149             },
1150             'params': {
1151                 'skip_download': True,
1152                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
1153             },
1154             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
1155         },
1156         {
1157             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1158             'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
1159             'info_dict': {
1160                 'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
1161                 'ext': 'mp4',
1162                 'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
1163                 'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
1164                 'upload_date': '20190312',
1165                 'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
1166                 'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
1167                 'artist': 'Stephen',
1168                 'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
1169                 'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
1170                 'release_date': '20190313',
1171                 'release_year': 2019,
1172             },
1173             'params': {
1174                 'skip_download': True,
1175             },
1176         },
1177         {
1178             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1179             # Retrieve 'artist' field from 'Artist:' in video description
1180             # when it is present on youtube music video
1181             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0jLE7tTwjY',
1182             'info_dict': {
1183                 'id': 'k0jLE7tTwjY',
1184                 'ext': 'mp4',
1185                 'title': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1186                 'description': 'md5:3cb1e8101a7c85fcba9b4fb41b951335',
1187                 'upload_date': '20150110',
1188                 'uploader': 'Various Artists - Topic',
1189                 'uploader_id': 'UCNkEcmYdjrH4RqtNgh7BZ9w',
1190                 'artist': 'Disclosure',
1191                 'track': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1192                 'album': 'Latch Featuring Sam Smith',
1193                 'release_date': '20121008',
1194                 'release_year': 2012,
1195             },
1196             'params': {
1197                 'skip_download': True,
1198             },
1199         },
1200         {
1201             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1202             # handle multiple artists on youtube music video
1203             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74qn0eJSjpA',
1204             'info_dict': {
1205                 'id': '74qn0eJSjpA',
1206                 'ext': 'mp4',
1207                 'title': 'Eastside',
1208                 'description': 'md5:290516bb73dcbfab0dcc4efe6c3de5f2',
1209                 'upload_date': '20180710',
1210                 'uploader': 'Benny Blanco - Topic',
1211                 'uploader_id': 'UCzqz_ksRu_WkIzmivMdIS7A',
1212                 'artist': 'benny blanco, Halsey, Khalid',
1213                 'track': 'Eastside',
1214                 'album': 'Eastside',
1215                 'release_date': '20180713',
1216                 'release_year': 2018,
1217             },
1218             'params': {
1219                 'skip_download': True,
1220             },
1221         },
1222         {
1223             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1224             # handle youtube music video with release_year and no release_date
1225             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hcAI0g-f5M',
1226             'info_dict': {
1227                 'id': '-hcAI0g-f5M',
1228                 'ext': 'mp4',
1229                 'title': 'Put It On Me',
1230                 'description': 'md5:f6422397c07c4c907c6638e1fee380a5',
1231                 'upload_date': '20180426',
1232                 'uploader': 'Matt Maeson - Topic',
1233                 'uploader_id': 'UCnEkIGqtGcQMLk73Kp-Q5LQ',
1234                 'artist': 'Matt Maeson',
1235                 'track': 'Put It On Me',
1236                 'album': 'The Hearse',
1237                 'release_date': None,
1238                 'release_year': 2018,
1239             },
1240             'params': {
1241                 'skip_download': True,
1242             },
1243         },
1244         {
1245             'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
1246             'only_matching': True,
1247         },
1248         {
1249             # invalid -> valid video id redirection
1250             'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
1251             'info_dict': {
1252                 'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
1253                 'ext': 'mp4',
1254                 'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
1255                 'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
1256                 'upload_date': '20090125',
1257                 'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
1258                 'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
1259                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
1260                 'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
1261                 'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
1262                 'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
1263             },
1264             'params': {
1265                 'skip_download': True,
1266             },
1267         }
1268     ]
1269
1270     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
1271         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
1272         self._player_cache = {}
1273
1274     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
1275         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
1276         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
1277
1278     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
1279         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
1280         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
1281
1282     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
1283         """Report extracted video URL."""
1284         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
1285
1286     def report_rtmp_download(self):
1287         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
1288         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
1289
1290     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
1291         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
1292         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
1293
1294     @classmethod
1295     def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
1296         for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
1297             id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
1298             if id_m:
1299                 break
1300         else:
1301             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
1302         return id_m.group('ext'), id_m.group('id')
1303
1304     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
1305         player_type, player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
1306
1307         # Read from filesystem cache
1308         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
1309             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
1310         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
1311
1312         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
1313         if cache_spec is not None:
1314             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
1315
1316         download_note = (
1317             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
1318             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
1319             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
1320         )
1321         if player_type == 'js':
1322             code = self._download_webpage(
1323                 player_url, video_id,
1324                 note=download_note,
1325                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1326             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
1327         elif player_type == 'swf':
1328             urlh = self._request_webpage(
1329                 player_url, video_id,
1330                 note=download_note,
1331                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1332             code = urlh.read()
1333             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
1334         else:
1335             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
1336
1337         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1338         cache_res = res(test_string)
1339         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1340
1341         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
1342         return res
1343
1344     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
1345         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
1346             def _genslice(start, end, step):
1347                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
1348                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
1349                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
1350                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
1351
1352             step = None
1353             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
1354             start = '(Never used)'
1355             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
1356                 if step is not None:
1357                     if i - prev == step:
1358                         continue
1359                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
1360                     step = None
1361                     continue
1362                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
1363                     step = i - prev
1364                     start = prev
1365                     continue
1366                 else:
1367                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
1368             if step is None:
1369                 yield 's[%d]' % i
1370             else:
1371                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
1372
1373         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1374         cache_res = func(test_string)
1375         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1376         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
1377         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
1378             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
1379         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
1380                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
1381         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
1382
1383     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
1384         funcname = self._search_regex(
1385             (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1386              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1387              r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1388              r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1389              # Obsolete patterns
1390              r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1391              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1392              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1393              r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1394              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1395              r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1396              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1397              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
1398             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
1399
1400         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
1401         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
1402         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1403
1404     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
1405         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
1406         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
1407         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
1408         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
1409         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1410
1411     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
1412         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
1413
1414         if player_url is None:
1415             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
1416
1417         if player_url.startswith('//'):
1418             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
1419         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
1420             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1421                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
1422         try:
1423             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
1424             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
1425                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
1426                     video_id, player_url, s
1427                 )
1428                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
1429             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
1430             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
1431                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
1432             return func(s)
1433         except Exception as e:
1434             tb = traceback.format_exc()
1435             raise ExtractorError(
1436                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
1437
1438     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1439         try:
1440             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
1441                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1442                 video_id, note=False)
1443         except ExtractorError as err:
1444             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1445             return {}
1446
1447         sub_lang_list = {}
1448         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
1449             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
1450             if lang in sub_lang_list:
1451                 continue
1452             sub_formats = []
1453             for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1454                 params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1455                     'lang': lang,
1456                     'v': video_id,
1457                     'fmt': ext,
1458                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
1459                 })
1460                 sub_formats.append({
1461                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
1462                     'ext': ext,
1463                 })
1464             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
1465         if not sub_lang_list:
1466             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1467             return {}
1468         return sub_lang_list
1469
1470     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
1471         patterns = (
1472             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
1473             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
1474             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
1475             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
1476             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
1477             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
1478             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
1479             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
1480             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
1481         )
1482         config = self._search_regex(
1483             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
1484         if config:
1485             return self._parse_json(
1486                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
1487
1488     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
1489         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1490            argument to speed up the process."""
1491         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1492         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
1493         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1494         if not player_config:
1495             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1496             return {}
1497         try:
1498             args = player_config['args']
1499             caption_url = args.get('ttsurl')
1500             if caption_url:
1501                 timestamp = args['timestamp']
1502                 # We get the available subtitles
1503                 list_params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1504                     'type': 'list',
1505                     'tlangs': 1,
1506                     'asrs': 1,
1507                 })
1508                 list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1509                 caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1510                 original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1511                 if original_lang_node is None:
1512                     self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1513                     return {}
1514                 original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1515                 caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
1516
1517                 sub_lang_list = {}
1518                 for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1519                     sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1520                     sub_formats = []
1521                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1522                         params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1523                             'lang': original_lang,
1524                             'tlang': sub_lang,
1525                             'fmt': ext,
1526                             'ts': timestamp,
1527                             'kind': caption_kind,
1528                         })
1529                         sub_formats.append({
1530                             'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
1531                             'ext': ext,
1532                         })
1533                     sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1534                 return sub_lang_list
1535
1536             def make_captions(sub_url, sub_langs):
1537                 parsed_sub_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(sub_url)
1538                 caption_qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_sub_url.query)
1539                 captions = {}
1540                 for sub_lang in sub_langs:
1541                     sub_formats = []
1542                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1543                         caption_qs.update({
1544                             'tlang': [sub_lang],
1545                             'fmt': [ext],
1546                         })
1547                         sub_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_sub_url._replace(
1548                             query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(caption_qs, True)))
1549                         sub_formats.append({
1550                             'url': sub_url,
1551                             'ext': ext,
1552                         })
1553                     captions[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1554                 return captions
1555
1556             # New captions format as of 22.06.2017
1557             player_response = args.get('player_response')
1558             if player_response and isinstance(player_response, compat_str):
1559                 player_response = self._parse_json(
1560                     player_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1561                 if player_response:
1562                     renderer = player_response['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
1563                     base_url = renderer['captionTracks'][0]['baseUrl']
1564                     sub_lang_list = []
1565                     for lang in renderer['translationLanguages']:
1566                         lang_code = lang.get('languageCode')
1567                         if lang_code:
1568                             sub_lang_list.append(lang_code)
1569                     return make_captions(base_url, sub_lang_list)
1570
1571             # Some videos don't provide ttsurl but rather caption_tracks and
1572             # caption_translation_languages (e.g. 20LmZk1hakA)
1573             # Does not used anymore as of 22.06.2017
1574             caption_tracks = args['caption_tracks']
1575             caption_translation_languages = args['caption_translation_languages']
1576             caption_url = compat_parse_qs(caption_tracks.split(',')[0])['u'][0]
1577             sub_lang_list = []
1578             for lang in caption_translation_languages.split(','):
1579                 lang_qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(lang))
1580                 sub_lang = lang_qs.get('lc', [None])[0]
1581                 if sub_lang:
1582                     sub_lang_list.append(sub_lang)
1583             return make_captions(caption_url, sub_lang_list)
1584         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1585         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1586         except (KeyError, IndexError, ExtractorError):
1587             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1588             return {}
1589
1590     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, video_info, player_response):
1591         playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
1592             player_response,
1593             lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']) or try_get(
1594             video_info, lambda x: x['videostats_playback_base_url'][0]))
1595         if not playback_url:
1596             return
1597         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
1598         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
1599
1600         # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
1601         # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
1602         CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
1603         cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))
1604
1605         qs.update({
1606             'ver': ['2'],
1607             'cpn': [cpn],
1608         })
1609         playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
1610             parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
1611
1612         self._download_webpage(
1613             playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
1614             'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
1615
1616     @staticmethod
1617     def _extract_urls(webpage):
1618         # Embedded YouTube player
1619         entries = [
1620             unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
1621             for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
1622             (?:
1623                 <iframe[^>]+?src=|
1624                 data-video-url=|
1625                 <embed[^>]+?src=|
1626                 embedSWF\(?:\s*|
1627                 <object[^>]+data=|
1628                 new\s+SWFObject\(
1629             )
1630             (["\'])
1631                 (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1632                 (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
1633             \1''', webpage)]
1634
1635         # lazyYT YouTube embed
1636         entries.extend(list(map(
1637             unescapeHTML,
1638             re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
1639
1640         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
1641         matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
1642             class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
1643             data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
1644         entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
1645
1646         return entries
1647
1648     @staticmethod
1649     def _extract_url(webpage):
1650         urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
1651         return urls[0] if urls else None
1652
1653     @classmethod
1654     def extract_id(cls, url):
1655         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1656         if mobj is None:
1657             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1658         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1659         return video_id
1660
1661     def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, webpage, video_id, duration):
1662         if not webpage:
1663             return
1664         player = self._parse_json(
1665             self._search_regex(
1666                 r'RELATED_PLAYER_ARGS["\']\s*:\s*({.+})\s*,?\s*\n', webpage,
1667                 'player args', default='{}'),
1668             video_id, fatal=False)
1669         if not player or not isinstance(player, dict):
1670             return
1671         watch_next_response = player.get('watch_next_response')
1672         if not isinstance(watch_next_response, compat_str):
1673             return
1674         response = self._parse_json(watch_next_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1675         if not response or not isinstance(response, dict):
1676             return
1677         chapters_list = try_get(
1678             response,
1679             lambda x: x['playerOverlays']
1680                        ['playerOverlayRenderer']
1681                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1682                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1683                        ['playerBar']
1684                        ['chapteredPlayerBarRenderer']
1685                        ['chapters'],
1686             list)
1687         if not chapters_list:
1688             return
1689
1690         def chapter_time(chapter):
1691             return float_or_none(
1692                 try_get(
1693                     chapter,
1694                     lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['timeRangeStartMillis'],
1695                     int),
1696                 scale=1000)
1697         chapters = []
1698         for next_num, chapter in enumerate(chapters_list, start=1):
1699             start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
1700             if start_time is None:
1701                 continue
1702             end_time = (chapter_time(chapters_list[next_num])
1703                         if next_num < len(chapters_list) else duration)
1704             if end_time is None:
1705                 continue
1706             title = try_get(
1707                 chapter, lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['title']['simpleText'],
1708                 compat_str)
1709             chapters.append({
1710                 'start_time': start_time,
1711                 'end_time': end_time,
1712                 'title': title,
1713             })
1714         return chapters
1715
1716     @staticmethod
1717     def _extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration):
1718         if not description:
1719             return None
1720         chapter_lines = re.findall(
1721             r'(?:^|<br\s*/>)([^<]*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']yt\.www\.watch\.player\.seekTo[^>]+>(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?::\d{1,2})?)</a>[^>]*)(?=$|<br\s*/>)',
1722             description)
1723         if not chapter_lines:
1724             return None
1725         chapters = []
1726         for next_num, (chapter_line, time_point) in enumerate(
1727                 chapter_lines, start=1):
1728             start_time = parse_duration(time_point)
1729             if start_time is None:
1730                 continue
1731             if start_time > duration:
1732                 break
1733             end_time = (duration if next_num == len(chapter_lines)
1734                         else parse_duration(chapter_lines[next_num][1]))
1735             if end_time is None:
1736                 continue
1737             if end_time > duration:
1738                 end_time = duration
1739             if start_time > end_time:
1740                 break
1741             chapter_title = re.sub(
1742                 r'<a[^>]+>[^<]+</a>', '', chapter_line).strip(' \t-')
1743             chapter_title = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', chapter_title)
1744             chapters.append({
1745                 'start_time': start_time,
1746                 'end_time': end_time,
1747                 'title': chapter_title,
1748             })
1749         return chapters
1750
1751     def _extract_chapters(self, webpage, description, video_id, duration):
1752         return (self._extract_chapters_from_json(webpage, video_id, duration)
1753                 or self._extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration))
1754
1755     def _real_extract(self, url):
1756         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1757
1758         proto = (
1759             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1760             else 'https')
1761
1762         start_time = None
1763         end_time = None
1764         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1765         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1766             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1767             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1768                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1769             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1770                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1771             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1772                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1773
1774         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1775         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1776         if mobj:
1777             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1778         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1779
1780         # Get video webpage
1781         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1782         video_webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
1783
1784         qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(urlh.geturl()).query)
1785         video_id = qs.get('v', [None])[0] or video_id
1786
1787         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1788         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1789         if mobj is not None:
1790             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1791         else:
1792             player_url = None
1793
1794         dash_mpds = []
1795
1796         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1797             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1798             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1799                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1800
1801         def add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response):
1802             dash_mpd = url_or_none(try_get(
1803                 pl_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['dashManifestUrl'],
1804                 compat_str))
1805             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd not in dash_mpds:
1806                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd)
1807
1808         is_live = None
1809         view_count = None
1810
1811         def extract_view_count(v_info):
1812             return int_or_none(try_get(v_info, lambda x: x['view_count'][0]))
1813
1814         def extract_player_response(player_response, video_id):
1815             pl_response = str_or_none(player_response)
1816             if not pl_response:
1817                 return
1818             pl_response = self._parse_json(pl_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1819             if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1820                 add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response)
1821                 return pl_response
1822
1823         player_response = {}
1824
1825         # Get video info
1826         video_info = {}
1827         embed_webpage = None
1828         if (self._og_search_property('restrictions:age', video_webpage, default=None) == '18+'
1829                 or re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None):
1830             age_gate = True
1831             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1832             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1833             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1834             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1835             data = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1836                 'video_id': video_id,
1837                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1838                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1839                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1840             })
1841             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1842             try:
1843                 video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1844                     video_info_url, video_id,
1845                     note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1846                     errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1847             except ExtractorError:
1848                 video_info_webpage = None
1849             if video_info_webpage:
1850                 video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1851                 pl_response = video_info.get('player_response', [None])[0]
1852                 player_response = extract_player_response(pl_response, video_id)
1853                 add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1854                 view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1855         else:
1856             age_gate = False
1857             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1858             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1859             if ytplayer_config:
1860                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1861                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map') or args.get('hlsvp'):
1862                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1863                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1864                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1865                 # Rental video is not rented but preview is available (e.g.
1866                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg,
1867                 # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10532)
1868                 if not video_info and args.get('ypc_vid'):
1869                     return self.url_result(
1870                         args['ypc_vid'], YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=args['ypc_vid'])
1871                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1872                     is_live = True
1873                 if not player_response:
1874                     player_response = extract_player_response(args.get('player_response'), video_id)
1875             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1876                 add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1877
1878         def extract_unavailable_message():
1879             messages = []
1880             for tag, kind in (('h1', 'message'), ('div', 'submessage')):
1881                 msg = self._html_search_regex(
1882                     r'(?s)<{tag}[^>]+id=["\']unavailable-{kind}["\'][^>]*>(.+?)</{tag}>'.format(tag=tag, kind=kind),
1883                     video_webpage, 'unavailable %s' % kind, default=None)
1884                 if msg:
1885                     messages.append(msg)
1886             if messages:
1887                 return '\n'.join(messages)
1888
1889         if not video_info and not player_response:
1890             unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1891             if not unavailable_message:
1892                 unavailable_message = 'Unable to extract video data'
1893             raise ExtractorError(
1894                 'YouTube said: %s' % unavailable_message, expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1895
1896         if not isinstance(video_info, dict):
1897             video_info = {}
1898
1899         video_details = try_get(
1900             player_response, lambda x: x['videoDetails'], dict) or {}
1901
1902         microformat = try_get(
1903             player_response, lambda x: x['microformat']['playerMicroformatRenderer'], dict) or {}
1904
1905         video_title = video_info.get('title', [None])[0] or video_details.get('title')
1906         if not video_title:
1907             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1908             video_title = '_'
1909
1910         description_original = video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1911         if video_description:
1912
1913             def replace_url(m):
1914                 redir_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, m.group(1))
1915                 parsed_redir_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(redir_url)
1916                 if re.search(r'^(?:www\.)?(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|youtu\.be)$', parsed_redir_url.netloc) and parsed_redir_url.path == '/redirect':
1917                     qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_redir_url.query)
1918                     q = qs.get('q')
1919                     if q and q[0]:
1920                         return q[0]
1921                 return redir_url
1922
1923             description_original = video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1924                 <a\s+
1925                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1926                     (?:title|href)="([^"]+)"\s+
1927                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1928                     class="[^"]*"[^>]*>
1929                 [^<]+\.{3}\s*
1930                 </a>
1931             ''', replace_url, video_description)
1932             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1933         else:
1934             video_description = video_details.get('shortDescription') or self._html_search_meta('description', video_webpage)
1935
1936         if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1937             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1938                 multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
1939                     player_response,
1940                     lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
1941                     compat_str) or try_get(
1942                     video_info, lambda x: x['multifeed_metadata_list'][0], compat_str)
1943                 if multifeed_metadata_list:
1944                     entries = []
1945                     feed_ids = []
1946                     for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1947                         # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
1948                         # fields may contain comma as well (see
1949                         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
1950                         feed_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
1951
1952                         def feed_entry(name):
1953                             return try_get(feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
1954
1955                         feed_id = feed_entry('id')
1956                         if not feed_id:
1957                             continue
1958                         feed_title = feed_entry('title')
1959                         title = video_title
1960                         if feed_title:
1961                             title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
1962                         entries.append({
1963                             '_type': 'url_transparent',
1964                             'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1965                             'url': smuggle_url(
1966                                 '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1967                                 {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1968                             'title': title,
1969                         })
1970                         feed_ids.append(feed_id)
1971                     self.to_screen(
1972                         'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1973                         % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1974                     return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1975             else:
1976                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1977
1978         if view_count is None:
1979             view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1980         if view_count is None and video_details:
1981             view_count = int_or_none(video_details.get('viewCount'))
1982         if view_count is None and microformat:
1983             view_count = int_or_none(microformat.get('viewCount'))
1984
1985         if is_live is None:
1986             is_live = bool_or_none(video_details.get('isLive'))
1987
1988         # Check for "rental" videos
1989         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1990             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported. See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/359 for more information.', expected=True)
1991
1992         def _extract_filesize(media_url):
1993             return int_or_none(self._search_regex(
1994                 r'\bclen[=/](\d+)', media_url, 'filesize', default=None))
1995
1996         streaming_formats = try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['formats'], list) or []
1997         streaming_formats.extend(try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['adaptiveFormats'], list) or [])
1998
1999         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
2000             self.report_rtmp_download()
2001             formats = [{
2002                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
2003                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
2004                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
2005                 'player_url': player_url,
2006             }]
2007         elif not is_live and (streaming_formats or len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1):
2008             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
2009             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
2010                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
2011             formats = []
2012             formats_spec = {}
2013             fmt_list = video_info.get('fmt_list', [''])[0]
2014             if fmt_list:
2015                 for fmt in fmt_list.split(','):
2016                     spec = fmt.split('/')
2017                     if len(spec) > 1:
2018                         width_height = spec[1].split('x')
2019                         if len(width_height) == 2:
2020                             formats_spec[spec[0]] = {
2021                                 'resolution': spec[1],
2022                                 'width': int_or_none(width_height[0]),
2023                                 'height': int_or_none(width_height[1]),
2024                             }
2025             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2026                 itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
2027                 if not itag:
2028                     continue
2029                 quality = fmt.get('quality')
2030                 quality_label = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality
2031                 formats_spec[itag] = {
2032                     'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
2033                     'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
2034                     'format_note': quality_label,
2035                     'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
2036                     'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
2037                     # bitrate for itag 43 is always 2147483647
2038                     'tbr': float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000) if itag != '43' else None,
2039                     'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
2040                 }
2041
2042             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2043                 if fmt.get('drmFamilies') or fmt.get('drm_families'):
2044                     continue
2045                 url = url_or_none(fmt.get('url'))
2046
2047                 if not url:
2048                     cipher = fmt.get('cipher') or fmt.get('signatureCipher')
2049                     if not cipher:
2050                         continue
2051                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(cipher)
2052                     url = url_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['url'][0], compat_str))
2053                     if not url:
2054                         continue
2055                 else:
2056                     cipher = None
2057                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
2058
2059                 stream_type = int_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['stream_type'][0]))
2060                 # Unsupported FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF
2061                 if stream_type == 3:
2062                     continue
2063
2064                 format_id = fmt.get('itag') or url_data['itag'][0]
2065                 if not format_id:
2066                     continue
2067                 format_id = compat_str(format_id)
2068
2069                 if cipher:
2070                     if 's' in url_data or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2071                         ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
2072                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2073                             ASSETS_RE,
2074                             embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
2075                             'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
2076                         if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
2077                             # We need the embed website after all
2078                             if embed_webpage is None:
2079                                 embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
2080                                 embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
2081                                     embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
2082                             jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2083                                 ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
2084
2085                         player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
2086                         if player_url is None:
2087                             player_url_json = self._search_regex(
2088                                 r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
2089                                 video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
2090                             player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
2091
2092                     if 'sig' in url_data:
2093                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
2094                     elif 's' in url_data:
2095                         encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
2096
2097                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
2098                             if player_url is None:
2099                                 player_desc = 'unknown'
2100                             else:
2101                                 player_type, player_version = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
2102                                 player_desc = '%s player %s' % ('flash' if player_type == 'swf' else 'html5', player_version)
2103                             parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
2104                             self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
2105                                            (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
2106
2107                         signature = self._decrypt_signature(
2108                             encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2109                         sp = try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['sp'][0], compat_str) or 'signature'
2110                         url += '&%s=%s' % (sp, signature)
2111                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
2112                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
2113
2114                 dct = {
2115                     'format_id': format_id,
2116                     'url': url,
2117                     'player_url': player_url,
2118                 }
2119                 if format_id in self._formats:
2120                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
2121                 if format_id in formats_spec:
2122                     dct.update(formats_spec[format_id])
2123
2124                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
2125                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
2126                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
2127                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
2128                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
2129
2130                 if width is None:
2131                     width = int_or_none(fmt.get('width'))
2132                 if height is None:
2133                     height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
2134
2135                 filesize = int_or_none(url_data.get(
2136                     'clen', [None])[0]) or _extract_filesize(url)
2137
2138                 quality = url_data.get('quality', [None])[0] or fmt.get('quality')
2139                 quality_label = url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or fmt.get('qualityLabel')
2140
2141                 tbr = (float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000)
2142                        or float_or_none(fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)) if format_id != '43' else None
2143                 fps = int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]) or int_or_none(fmt.get('fps'))
2144
2145                 more_fields = {
2146                     'filesize': filesize,
2147                     'tbr': tbr,
2148                     'width': width,
2149                     'height': height,
2150                     'fps': fps,
2151                     'format_note': quality_label or quality,
2152                 }
2153                 for key, value in more_fields.items():
2154                     if value:
2155                         dct[key] = value
2156                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0] or fmt.get('mimeType')
2157                 if type_:
2158                     type_split = type_.split(';')
2159                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
2160                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
2161                         kind, _ = kind_ext
2162                         dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(type_split[0])
2163                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
2164                             codecs = None
2165                             for mobj in re.finditer(
2166                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
2167                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
2168                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
2169                                     break
2170                             if codecs:
2171                                 dct.update(parse_codecs(codecs))
2172                 if dct.get('acodec') == 'none' or dct.get('vcodec') == 'none':
2173                     dct['downloader_options'] = {
2174                         # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
2175                         'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
2176                     }
2177                 formats.append(dct)
2178         else:
2179             manifest_url = (
2180                 url_or_none(try_get(
2181                     player_response,
2182                     lambda x: x['streamingData']['hlsManifestUrl'],
2183                     compat_str))
2184                 or url_or_none(try_get(
2185                     video_info, lambda x: x['hlsvp'][0], compat_str)))
2186             if manifest_url:
2187                 formats = []
2188                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
2189                     manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
2190                 for a_format in m3u8_formats:
2191                     itag = self._search_regex(
2192                         r'/itag/(\d+)/', a_format['url'], 'itag', default=None)
2193                     if itag:
2194                         a_format['format_id'] = itag
2195                         if itag in self._formats:
2196                             dct = self._formats[itag].copy()
2197                             dct.update(a_format)
2198                             a_format = dct
2199                     a_format['player_url'] = player_url
2200                     # Accept-Encoding header causes failures in live streams on Youtube and Youtube Gaming
2201                     a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = 'True'
2202                     formats.append(a_format)
2203             else:
2204                 error_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2205                 if not error_message:
2206                     error_message = clean_html(try_get(
2207                         player_response, lambda x: x['playabilityStatus']['reason'],
2208                         compat_str))
2209                 if not error_message:
2210                     error_message = clean_html(
2211                         try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['reason'][0], compat_str))
2212                 if error_message:
2213                     raise ExtractorError(error_message, expected=True)
2214                 raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp, hlsManifestUrl or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
2215
2216         # uploader
2217         video_uploader = try_get(
2218             video_info, lambda x: x['author'][0],
2219             compat_str) or str_or_none(video_details.get('author'))
2220         if video_uploader:
2221             video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_uploader)
2222         else:
2223             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader name')
2224
2225         # uploader_id
2226         video_uploader_id = None
2227         video_uploader_url = None
2228         mobj = re.search(
2229             r'<link itemprop="url" href="(?P<uploader_url>https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>[^"]+))">',
2230             video_webpage)
2231         if mobj is not None:
2232             video_uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2233             video_uploader_url = mobj.group('uploader_url')
2234         else:
2235             owner_profile_url = url_or_none(microformat.get('ownerProfileUrl'))
2236             if owner_profile_url:
2237                 video_uploader_id = self._search_regex(
2238                     r'(?:user|channel)/([^/]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id',
2239                     default=None)
2240                 video_uploader_url = owner_profile_url
2241
2242         channel_id = (
2243             str_or_none(video_details.get('channelId'))
2244             or self._html_search_meta(
2245                 'channelId', video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None)
2246             or self._search_regex(
2247                 r'data-channel-external-id=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
2248                 video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None, group='id'))
2249         channel_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id if channel_id else None
2250
2251         thumbnails = []
2252         thumbnails_list = try_get(
2253             video_details, lambda x: x['thumbnail']['thumbnails'], list) or []
2254         for t in thumbnails_list:
2255             if not isinstance(t, dict):
2256                 continue
2257             thumbnail_url = url_or_none(t.get('url'))
2258             if not thumbnail_url:
2259                 continue
2260             thumbnails.append({
2261                 'url': thumbnail_url,
2262                 'width': int_or_none(t.get('width')),
2263                 'height': int_or_none(t.get('height')),
2264             })
2265
2266         if not thumbnails:
2267             video_thumbnail = None
2268             # We try first to get a high quality image:
2269             m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
2270                                 video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
2271             if m_thumb is not None:
2272                 video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
2273             thumbnail_url = try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['thumbnail_url'][0], compat_str)
2274             if thumbnail_url:
2275                 video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(thumbnail_url)
2276             if video_thumbnail:
2277                 thumbnails.append({'url': video_thumbnail})
2278
2279         # upload date
2280         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
2281             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2282         if not upload_date:
2283             upload_date = self._search_regex(
2284                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
2285                  r'(?:id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?|["\']simpleText["\']\s*:\s*["\'])(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)[<"\']'],
2286                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2287         if not upload_date:
2288             upload_date = microformat.get('publishDate') or microformat.get('uploadDate')
2289         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
2290
2291         video_license = self._html_search_regex(
2292             r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*License\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li',
2293             video_webpage, 'license', default=None)
2294
2295         m_music = re.search(
2296             r'''(?x)
2297                 <h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*Music\s*</h4>\s*
2298                 <ul[^>]*>\s*
2299                 <li>(?P<title>.+?)
2300                 by (?P<creator>.+?)
2301                 (?:
2302                     \(.+?\)|
2303                     <a[^>]*
2304                         (?:
2305                             \bhref=["\']/red[^>]*>|             # drop possible
2306                             >\s*Listen ad-free with YouTube Red # YouTube Red ad
2307                         )
2308                     .*?
2309                 )?</li
2310             ''',
2311             video_webpage)
2312         if m_music:
2313             video_alt_title = remove_quotes(unescapeHTML(m_music.group('title')))
2314             video_creator = clean_html(m_music.group('creator'))
2315         else:
2316             video_alt_title = video_creator = None
2317
2318         def extract_meta(field):
2319             return self._html_search_regex(
2320                 r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*%s\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li>\s*' % field,
2321                 video_webpage, field, default=None)
2322
2323         track = extract_meta('Song')
2324         artist = extract_meta('Artist')
2325         album = extract_meta('Album')
2326
2327         # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
2328         release_date = release_year = None
2329         if video_description:
2330             mobj = re.search(r'(?s)Provided to YouTube by [^\n]+\n+(?P<track>[^·]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?', video_description)
2331             if mobj:
2332                 if not track:
2333                     track = mobj.group('track').strip()
2334                 if not artist:
2335                     artist = mobj.group('clean_artist') or ', '.join(a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·'))
2336                 if not album:
2337                     album = mobj.group('album'.strip())
2338                 release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
2339                 release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
2340                 if release_date:
2341                     release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
2342                     if not release_year:
2343                         release_year = int(release_date[:4])
2344                 if release_year:
2345                     release_year = int(release_year)
2346
2347         m_episode = re.search(
2348             r'<div[^>]+id="watch7-headline"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]*>.*?>(?P<series>[^<]+)</a></b>\s*S(?P<season>\d+)\s*•\s*E(?P<episode>\d+)</span>',
2349             video_webpage)
2350         if m_episode:
2351             series = unescapeHTML(m_episode.group('series'))
2352             season_number = int(m_episode.group('season'))
2353             episode_number = int(m_episode.group('episode'))
2354         else:
2355             series = season_number = episode_number = None
2356
2357         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
2358             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
2359             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
2360         category = None
2361         if m_cat_container:
2362             category = self._html_search_regex(
2363                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
2364                 default=None)
2365         if not category:
2366             category = try_get(
2367                 microformat, lambda x: x['category'], compat_str)
2368         video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
2369
2370         video_tags = [
2371             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
2372             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
2373         if not video_tags:
2374             video_tags = try_get(video_details, lambda x: x['keywords'], list)
2375
2376         def _extract_count(count_name):
2377             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2378                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
2379                 % re.escape(count_name),
2380                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
2381
2382         like_count = _extract_count('like')
2383         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
2384
2385         if view_count is None:
2386             view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2387                 r'<[^>]+class=["\']watch-view-count[^>]+>\s*([\d,\s]+)', video_webpage,
2388                 'view count', default=None))
2389
2390         average_rating = (
2391             float_or_none(video_details.get('averageRating'))
2392             or try_get(video_info, lambda x: float_or_none(x['avg_rating'][0])))
2393
2394         # subtitles
2395         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
2396         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
2397
2398         video_duration = try_get(
2399             video_info, lambda x: int_or_none(x['length_seconds'][0]))
2400         if not video_duration:
2401             video_duration = int_or_none(video_details.get('lengthSeconds'))
2402         if not video_duration:
2403             video_duration = parse_duration(self._html_search_meta(
2404                 'duration', video_webpage, 'video duration'))
2405
2406         # annotations
2407         video_annotations = None
2408         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
2409             xsrf_token = self._search_regex(
2410                 r'([\'"])XSRF_TOKEN\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_token>[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)\2',
2411                 video_webpage, 'xsrf token', group='xsrf_token', fatal=False)
2412             invideo_url = try_get(
2413                 player_response, lambda x: x['annotations'][0]['playerAnnotationsUrlsRenderer']['invideoUrl'], compat_str)
2414             if xsrf_token and invideo_url:
2415                 xsrf_field_name = self._search_regex(
2416                     r'([\'"])XSRF_FIELD_NAME\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_field_name>\w+)\2',
2417                     video_webpage, 'xsrf field name',
2418                     group='xsrf_field_name', default='session_token')
2419                 video_annotations = self._download_webpage(
2420                     self._proto_relative_url(invideo_url),
2421                     video_id, note='Downloading annotations',
2422                     errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
2423                     data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))
2424
2425         chapters = self._extract_chapters(video_webpage, description_original, video_id, video_duration)
2426
2427         # Look for the DASH manifest
2428         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2429             dash_mpd_fatal = True
2430             for mpd_url in dash_mpds:
2431                 dash_formats = {}
2432                 try:
2433                     def decrypt_sig(mobj):
2434                         s = mobj.group(1)
2435                         dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2436                         return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
2437
2438                     mpd_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, mpd_url)
2439
2440                     for df in self._extract_mpd_formats(
2441                             mpd_url, video_id, fatal=dash_mpd_fatal,
2442                             formats_dict=self._formats):
2443                         if not df.get('filesize'):
2444                             df['filesize'] = _extract_filesize(df['url'])
2445                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
2446                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
2447                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
2448                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
2449                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
2450                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
2451                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
2452                         # can be fixed at all.
2453                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
2454                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
2455                     self.report_warning(
2456                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
2457                 if dash_formats:
2458                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
2459                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
2460                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
2461                     # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
2462                     # example.
2463                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
2464                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
2465
2466         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
2467         stretched_m = re.search(
2468             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
2469             video_webpage)
2470         if stretched_m:
2471             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
2472             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
2473             # yt:stretch may hold invalid ratio data (e.g. for Q39EVAstoRM ratio is 17:0).
2474             # We will only process correct ratios.
2475             if w > 0 and h > 0:
2476                 ratio = w / h
2477                 for f in formats:
2478                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
2479                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
2480
2481         if not formats:
2482             if 'reason' in video_info:
2483                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
2484                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta(
2485                         'regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
2486                     countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
2487                     self.raise_geo_restricted(
2488                         msg=video_info['reason'][0], countries=countries)
2489                 reason = video_info['reason'][0]
2490                 if 'Invalid parameters' in reason:
2491                     unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2492                     if unavailable_message:
2493                         reason = unavailable_message
2494                 raise ExtractorError(
2495                     'YouTube said: %s' % reason,
2496                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
2497             if video_info.get('license_info') or try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['licenseInfos']):
2498                 raise ExtractorError('This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
2499
2500         self._sort_formats(formats)
2501
2502         self.mark_watched(video_id, video_info, player_response)
2503
2504         return {
2505             'id': video_id,
2506             'uploader': video_uploader,
2507             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
2508             'uploader_url': video_uploader_url,
2509             'channel_id': channel_id,
2510             'channel_url': channel_url,
2511             'upload_date': upload_date,
2512             'license': video_license,
2513             'creator': video_creator or artist,
2514             'title': video_title,
2515             'alt_title': video_alt_title or track,
2516             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
2517             'description': video_description,
2518             'categories': video_categories,
2519             'tags': video_tags,
2520             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
2521             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
2522             'duration': video_duration,
2523             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
2524             'annotations': video_annotations,
2525             'chapters': chapters,
2526             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
2527             'view_count': view_count,
2528             'like_count': like_count,
2529             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
2530             'average_rating': average_rating,
2531             'formats': formats,
2532             'is_live': is_live,
2533             'start_time': start_time,
2534             'end_time': end_time,
2535             'series': series,
2536             'season_number': season_number,
2537             'episode_number': episode_number,
2538             'track': track,
2539             'artist': artist,
2540             'album': album,
2541             'release_date': release_date,
2542             'release_year': release_year,
2543         }
2544
2545
2546 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2547     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
2548     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
2549                         (?:https?://)?
2550                         (?:\w+\.)?
2551                         (?:
2552                             (?:
2553                                 youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
2554                                 invidio\.us
2555                             )
2556                             /
2557                             (?:
2558                                (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/(?:videoseries|[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}))
2559                                \? (?:.*?[&;])*? (?:p|a|list)=
2560                             |  p/
2561                             )|
2562                             youtu\.be/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}\?.*?\blist=
2563                         )
2564                         (
2565                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
2566                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
2567                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
2568                         )
2569                         .*
2570                      |
2571                         (%(playlist_id)s)
2572                      )""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
2573     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
2574     _VIDEO_RE_TPL = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=%s(?:&amp;(?:[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+))?(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?)?'
2575     _VIDEO_RE = _VIDEO_RE_TPL % r'(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})'
2576     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
2577     _TESTS = [{
2578         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2579         'info_dict': {
2580             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2581             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2582             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2583             'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
2584         },
2585         'playlist_count': 1,
2586     }, {
2587         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2588         'info_dict': {
2589             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2590             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2591             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2592             'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
2593         },
2594         'playlist_count': 0,
2595     }, {
2596         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
2597         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2598         'info_dict': {
2599             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
2600             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2601             'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
2602             'uploader_id': 'ChRiStIaAn008',
2603         },
2604         'playlist_count': 96,
2605     }, {
2606         'note': 'issue #673',
2607         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2608         'info_dict': {
2609             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
2610             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2611             'uploader': 'Wickydoo',
2612             'uploader_id': 'Wickydoo',
2613         },
2614         'playlist_mincount': 26,
2615     }, {
2616         'note': 'Large playlist',
2617         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2618         'info_dict': {
2619             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
2620             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2621             'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
2622             'uploader_id': 'Cauchemar89',
2623         },
2624         'playlist_mincount': 799,
2625     }, {
2626         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2627         'info_dict': {
2628             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
2629             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2630         },
2631         'playlist_count': 2,
2632         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2633     }, {
2634         'note': 'embedded',
2635         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2636         'playlist_count': 4,
2637         'info_dict': {
2638             'title': 'JODA15',
2639             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2640             'uploader': 'milan',
2641             'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
2642         }
2643     }, {
2644         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2645         'playlist_mincount': 485,
2646         'info_dict': {
2647             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
2648             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2649             'uploader': 'LBK',
2650             'uploader_id': 'sdragonfang',
2651         }
2652     }, {
2653         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
2654         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
2655         'playlist_count': 4,
2656         'info_dict': {
2657             'title': 'JODA7',
2658             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
2659         },
2660         'skip': 'This playlist does not exist',
2661     }, {
2662         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
2663         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2664         'info_dict': {
2665             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
2666             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2667             'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
2668             'uploader_id': 'InterstellarMovie1',
2669         },
2670         'playlist_mincount': 21,
2671     }, {
2672         # Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist
2673         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
2674         'info_dict': {
2675             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
2676             'ext': 'webm',
2677             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
2678             'uploader': 'STREEM',
2679             'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2680             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2681             'upload_date': '20150526',
2682             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2683             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
2684             'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
2685             'tags': list,
2686             'view_count': int,
2687             'like_count': int,
2688             'dislike_count': int,
2689         },
2690         'params': {
2691             'skip_download': True,
2692         },
2693         'skip': 'This video is not available.',
2694         'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
2695     }, {
2696         'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
2697         'info_dict': {
2698             'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
2699             'ext': 'mp4',
2700             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
2701             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
2702             'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
2703             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
2704             'upload_date': '20161008',
2705             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
2706             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
2707             'tags': list,
2708             'like_count': int,
2709             'dislike_count': int,
2710         },
2711         'params': {
2712             'noplaylist': True,
2713             'skip_download': True,
2714         },
2715     }, {
2716         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844
2717         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2718         'info_dict': {
2719             'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
2720             'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2721             'uploader_id': 'Computerphile',
2722             'uploader': 'Computerphile',
2723         },
2724         'playlist_mincount': 11,
2725     }, {
2726         'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
2727         'only_matching': True,
2728     }, {
2729         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
2730         'only_matching': True,
2731     }, {
2732         # music album playlist
2733         'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
2734         'only_matching': True,
2735     }, {
2736         'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PLDIoUOhQQPlXr63I_vwF9GD8sAKh77dWU',
2737         'only_matching': True,
2738     }, {
2739         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
2740         'only_matching': True,
2741     }]
2742
2743     def _real_initialize(self):
2744         self._login()
2745
2746     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
2747         ids_in_page = []
2748         titles_in_page = []
2749
2750         for item in re.findall(
2751                 r'(<[^>]*\bdata-video-id\s*=\s*["\'][0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}[^>]+>)', page):
2752             attrs = extract_attributes(item)
2753             video_id = attrs['data-video-id']
2754             video_title = unescapeHTML(attrs.get('data-title'))
2755             if video_title:
2756                 video_title = video_title.strip()
2757             ids_in_page.append(video_id)
2758             titles_in_page.append(video_title)
2759
2760         # Fallback with old _VIDEO_RE
2761         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2762             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2763
2764         # Relaxed fallbacks
2765         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2766             r'href="\s*/watch\?v\s*=\s*(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2767             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2768         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2769             r'data-video-ids\s*=\s*["\'](?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2770             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2771
2772         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2773
2774     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
2775         # The mixes are generated from a single video
2776         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
2777         ids = []
2778         last_id = playlist_id[-11:]
2779         for n in itertools.count(1):
2780             url = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (last_id, playlist_id)
2781             webpage = self._download_webpage(
2782                 url, playlist_id, 'Downloading page {0} of Youtube mix'.format(n))
2783             new_ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
2784                 r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
2785                            href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
2786                 webpage))
2787             # Fetch new pages until all the videos are repeated, it seems that
2788             # there are always 51 unique videos.
2789             new_ids = [_id for _id in new_ids if _id not in ids]
2790             if not new_ids:
2791                 break
2792             ids.extend(new_ids)
2793             last_id = ids[-1]
2794
2795         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
2796
2797         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
2798         title_span = (
2799             search_title('playlist-title')
2800             or search_title('title long-title')
2801             or search_title('title'))
2802         title = clean_html(title_span)
2803
2804         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
2805
2806     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
2807         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
2808         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
2809
2810         # the yt-alert-message now has tabindex attribute (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11604)
2811         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>', page):
2812             match = match.strip()
2813             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
2814             mobj = re.match(r'[^<]*(?:The|This) playlist (?P<reason>does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match)
2815             if mobj:
2816                 reason = mobj.group('reason')
2817                 message = 'This playlist %s' % reason
2818                 if 'private' in reason:
2819                     message += ', use --username or --netrc to access it'
2820                 message += '.'
2821                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
2822             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
2823                 raise ExtractorError(
2824                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
2825                     expected=True)
2826             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
2827                 continue
2828             else:
2829                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
2830
2831         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
2832             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
2833             page, 'title', default=None)
2834
2835         _UPLOADER_BASE = r'class=["\']pl-header-details[^>]+>\s*<li>\s*<a[^>]+\bhref='
2836         uploader = self._html_search_regex(
2837             r'%s["\']/(?:user|channel)/[^>]+>([^<]+)' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2838             page, 'uploader', default=None)
2839         mobj = re.search(
2840             r'%s(["\'])(?P<path>/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>.+?))\1' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2841             page)
2842         if mobj:
2843             uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2844             uploader_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('path'))
2845         else:
2846             uploader_id = uploader_url = None
2847
2848         has_videos = True
2849
2850         if not playlist_title:
2851             try:
2852                 # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (e.g.
2853                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4)
2854                 next(self._entries(page, playlist_id))
2855             except StopIteration:
2856                 has_videos = False
2857
2858         playlist = self.playlist_result(
2859             self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
2860         playlist.update({
2861             'uploader': uploader,
2862             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
2863             'uploader_url': uploader_url,
2864         })
2865
2866         return has_videos, playlist
2867
2868     def _check_download_just_video(self, url, playlist_id):
2869         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
2870         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
2871         video_id = query_dict.get('v', [None])[0] or self._search_regex(
2872             r'(?:(?:^|//)youtu\.be/|youtube\.com/embed/(?!videoseries))([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', url,
2873             'video id', default=None)
2874         if video_id:
2875             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
2876                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
2877                 return video_id, self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2878             else:
2879                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
2880                 return video_id, None
2881         return None, None
2882
2883     def _real_extract(self, url):
2884         # Extract playlist id
2885         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2886         if mobj is None:
2887             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
2888         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
2889
2890         video_id, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, playlist_id)
2891         if video:
2892             return video
2893
2894         if playlist_id.startswith(('RD', 'UL', 'PU')):
2895             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
2896             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
2897
2898         has_videos, playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
2899         if has_videos or not video_id:
2900             return playlist
2901
2902         # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (see
2903         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10537).
2904         # Fallback to plain video extraction if there is a video id
2905         # along with playlist id.
2906         return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2907
2908
2909 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2910     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
2911     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|(?:www\.)?invidio\.us)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
2912     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
2913     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
2914     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
2915     _TESTS = [{
2916         'note': 'paginated channel',
2917         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2918         'playlist_mincount': 91,
2919         'info_dict': {
2920             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2921             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
2922             'uploader': 'lex will',
2923             'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2924         }
2925     }, {
2926         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
2927         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
2928         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2929         'playlist_mincount': 64,
2930         'info_dict': {
2931             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2932             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
2933             'uploader': 'Deus Ex',
2934             'uploader_id': 'DeusExOfficial',
2935         },
2936     }, {
2937         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UC23qupoDRn9YOAVzeoxjOQA',
2938         'only_matching': True,
2939     }, {
2940         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCyu8StPfZWapR6rfW_JgqcA',
2941         'only_matching': True,
2942     }]
2943
2944     @classmethod
2945     def suitable(cls, url):
2946         return (False if YoutubePlaylistsIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeLiveIE.suitable(url)
2947                 else super(YoutubeChannelIE, cls).suitable(url))
2948
2949     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2950         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
2951
2952     def _real_extract(self, url):
2953         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
2954
2955         url = self._build_template_url(url, channel_id)
2956
2957         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
2958         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
2959         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
2960         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
2961             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
2962             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
2963         if channel_page is False:
2964             channel_playlist_id = False
2965         else:
2966             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
2967                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
2968             if not channel_playlist_id:
2969                 channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
2970                     ('al:ios:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad'),
2971                     channel_page, 'channel url', default=None)
2972                 if channel_url:
2973                     channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
2974                         r'vnd\.youtube://user/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)',
2975                         channel_url, 'channel id', default=None)
2976         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
2977             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
2978             return self.url_result(
2979                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
2980
2981         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
2982         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
2983                 class="[^"]*?(?:
2984                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
2985                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
2986                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
2987
2988         if autogenerated:
2989             # The videos are contained in a single page
2990             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
2991             entries = [
2992                 self.url_result(
2993                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
2994                     video_title=video_title)
2995                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
2996             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
2997
2998         try:
2999             next(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id))
3000         except StopIteration:
3001             alert_message = self._html_search_regex(
3002                 r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=(["\']).*?\byt-alert-message\b.*?\1[^>]*>(?P<alert>[^<]+)</div>',
3003                 channel_page, 'alert', default=None, group='alert')
3004             if alert_message:
3005                 raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message, expected=True)
3006
3007         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
3008
3009
3010 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
3011     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
3012     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?P<user>user|c)/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results|shared)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9%-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_%-]+)'
3013     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/%s/%s/videos'
3014     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
3015
3016     _TESTS = [{
3017         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
3018         'playlist_mincount': 320,
3019         'info_dict': {
3020             'id': 'UUfX55Sx5hEFjoC3cNs6mCUQ',
3021             'title': 'Uploads from The Linux Foundation',
3022             'uploader': 'The Linux Foundation',
3023             'uploader_id': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
3024         }
3025     }, {
3026         # Only available via https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos
3027         # but not https://www.youtube.com/user/12minuteathlete/videos
3028         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos',
3029         'playlist_mincount': 249,
3030         'info_dict': {
3031             'id': 'UUVjM-zV6_opMDx7WYxnjZiQ',
3032             'title': 'Uploads from 12 Minute Athlete',
3033             'uploader': '12 Minute Athlete',
3034             'uploader_id': 'the12minuteathlete',
3035         }
3036     }, {
3037         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
3038         'only_matching': True,
3039     }, {
3040         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/gametrailers',
3041         'only_matching': True,
3042     }, {
3043         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/Pawe%C5%82Zadro%C5%BCniak',
3044         'only_matching': True,
3045     }, {
3046         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/gametrailers',
3047         'only_matching': True,
3048     }, {
3049         # This channel is not available, geo restricted to JP
3050         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/kananishinoSMEJ/videos',
3051         'only_matching': True,
3052     }]
3053
3054     @classmethod
3055     def suitable(cls, url):
3056         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
3057         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
3058         other_yt_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.startswith('Youtube') and name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
3059         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_yt_ies):
3060             return False
3061         else:
3062             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
3063
3064     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
3065         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3066         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % (mobj.group('user') or 'user', mobj.group('id'))
3067
3068
3069 class YoutubeLiveIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3070     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com live streams'
3071     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:user|channel|c)/)?(?P<id>[^/]+))/live'
3072     IE_NAME = 'youtube:live'
3073
3074     _TESTS = [{
3075         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
3076         'info_dict': {
3077             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
3078             'ext': 'mp4',
3079             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
3080             'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
3081             'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
3082             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
3083             'upload_date': '20150715',
3084             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
3085             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
3086             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
3087             'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
3088             'like_count': int,
3089             'dislike_count': int,
3090         },
3091         'params': {
3092             'skip_download': True,
3093         },
3094     }, {
3095         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
3096         'only_matching': True,
3097     }, {
3098         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
3099         'only_matching': True,
3100     }, {
3101         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
3102         'only_matching': True,
3103     }]
3104
3105     def _real_extract(self, url):
3106         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3107         channel_id = mobj.group('id')
3108         base_url = mobj.group('base_url')
3109         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, fatal=False)
3110         if webpage:
3111             page_type = self._og_search_property(
3112                 'type', webpage, 'page type', default='')
3113             video_id = self._html_search_meta(
3114                 'videoId', webpage, 'video id', default=None)
3115             if page_type.startswith('video') and video_id and re.match(
3116                     r'^[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}$', video_id):
3117                 return self.url_result(video_id, YoutubeIE.ie_key())
3118         return self.url_result(base_url)
3119
3120
3121 class YoutubePlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3122     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user/channel playlists'
3123     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user|channel|c)/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
3124     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlists'
3125
3126     _TESTS = [{
3127         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
3128         'playlist_mincount': 4,
3129         'info_dict': {
3130             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
3131             'title': 'ThirstForScience',
3132         },
3133     }, {
3134         # with "Load more" button
3135         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
3136         'playlist_mincount': 70,
3137         'info_dict': {
3138             'id': 'igorkle1',
3139             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
3140         },
3141     }, {
3142         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw/playlists',
3143         'playlist_mincount': 17,
3144         'info_dict': {
3145             'id': 'UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw',
3146             'title': 'Chem Player',
3147         },
3148         'skip': 'Blocked',
3149     }, {
3150         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
3151         'only_matching': True,
3152     }]
3153
3154
3155 class YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
3156     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})(?:[^"]*"[^>]+\btitle="(?P<title>[^"]+))?'
3157
3158
3159 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3160     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
3161     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
3162     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
3163     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
3164     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
3165     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
3166     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
3167     _TESTS = []
3168
3169     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
3170         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
3171
3172         videos = []
3173         limit = n
3174
3175         url_query = {
3176             'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
3177         }
3178         url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
3179         result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(url_query)
3180
3181         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
3182             data = self._download_json(
3183                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
3184                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
3185                 errnote='Unable to download API page',
3186                 query={'spf': 'navigate'})
3187             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
3188
3189             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
3190                 raise ExtractorError(
3191                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
3192
3193             new_videos = list(self._process_page(html_content))
3194             videos += new_videos
3195             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
3196                 break
3197             next_link = self._html_search_regex(
3198                 r'href="(/results\?[^"]*\bsp=[^"]+)"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]+class="[^"]*\byt-uix-button-content\b[^"]*"[^>]*>Next',
3199                 html_content, 'next link', default=None)
3200             if next_link is None:
3201                 break
3202             result_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', next_link)
3203
3204         if len(videos) > n:
3205             videos = videos[:n]
3206         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
3207
3208
3209 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
3210     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
3211     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
3212     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
3213     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
3214
3215
3216 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3217     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
3218     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
3219     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
3220     _TESTS = [{
3221         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
3222         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3223         'info_dict': {
3224             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
3225         }
3226     }, {
3227         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
3228         'only_matching': True,
3229     }]
3230
3231     def _real_extract(self, url):
3232         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3233         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
3234         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
3235         return self.playlist_result(self._process_page(webpage), playlist_title=query)
3236
3237
3238 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3239     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
3240     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
3241     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
3242     _TESTS = [{
3243         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
3244         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3245         'info_dict': {
3246             'id': 'airdisasters',
3247             'title': 'Air Disasters',
3248         }
3249     }]
3250
3251     def _real_extract(self, url):
3252         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
3253         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
3254             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
3255
3256
3257 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3258     """
3259     Base class for feed extractors
3260     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
3261     """
3262     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3263
3264     @property
3265     def IE_NAME(self):
3266         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
3267
3268     def _real_initialize(self):
3269         self._login()
3270
3271     def _entries(self, page):
3272         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
3273         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
3274         ids = []
3275         more_widget_html = content_html = page
3276         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
3277             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
3278
3279             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
3280             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
3281             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
3282             new_ids = list(filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches)))
3283             if not new_ids:
3284                 break
3285
3286             ids.extend(new_ids)
3287
3288             for entry in self._ids_to_results(new_ids):
3289                 yield entry
3290
3291             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
3292             if not mobj:
3293                 break
3294
3295             more = self._download_json(
3296                 'https://www.youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
3297                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
3298                 transform_source=uppercase_escape,
3299                 headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
3300             content_html = more['content_html']
3301             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
3302
3303     def _real_extract(self, url):
3304         page = self._download_webpage(
3305             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
3306             self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3307         return self.playlist_result(
3308             self._entries(page), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3309
3310
3311 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
3312     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
3313     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
3314     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|(?:playlist|watch)\?(?:.+&)?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
3315
3316     _TESTS = [{
3317         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL',
3318         'only_matching': True,
3319     }, {
3320         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCNU9TrbiRk&index=1&list=WL',
3321         'only_matching': True,
3322     }]
3323
3324     def _real_extract(self, url):
3325         _, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, 'WL')
3326         if video:
3327             return video
3328         _, playlist = self._extract_playlist('WL')
3329         return playlist
3330
3331
3332 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3333     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
3334     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
3335     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
3336     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3337
3338     def _real_extract(self, url):
3339         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
3340         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
3341         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
3342
3343
3344 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3345     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
3346     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
3347     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
3348     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
3349
3350
3351 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3352     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
3353     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
3354     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
3355     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
3356
3357
3358 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3359     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
3360     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
3361     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
3362     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
3363
3364
3365 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
3366     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
3367     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3368     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
3369         (?:https?://)?
3370         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
3371         (?:watch\?(?:
3372             feature=[a-z_]+|
3373             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
3374             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
3375             hl=[^&]*|
3376             t=[0-9]+
3377         )?
3378         |
3379             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
3380         )
3381         $
3382     '''
3383
3384     _TESTS = [{
3385         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
3386         'only_matching': True,
3387     }, {
3388         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
3389         'only_matching': True,
3390     }, {
3391         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
3392         'only_matching': True,
3393     }, {
3394         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
3395         'only_matching': True,
3396     }, {
3397         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
3398         'only_matching': True,
3399     }, {
3400         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
3401         'only_matching': True,
3402     }]
3403
3404     def _real_extract(self, url):
3405         raise ExtractorError(
3406             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
3407             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
3408             'like  youtube-dl '
3409             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
3410             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
3411             expected=True)
3412
3413
3414 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
3415     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
3416     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3417     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
3418
3419     _TESTS = [{
3420         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
3421         'only_matching': True,
3422     }]
3423
3424     def _real_extract(self, url):
3425         video_id = self._match_id(url)
3426         raise ExtractorError(
3427             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
3428             expected=True)