_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import random
  10 import re
  11 import time
  12 import traceback
  13
  14 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  15 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  16 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  17 from ..compat import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_kwargs,
  20     compat_parse_qs,
  21     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  23     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  24     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  25     compat_urlparse,
  26     compat_str,
  27 )
  28 from ..utils import (
  29     clean_html,
  30     error_to_compat_str,
  31     ExtractorError,
  32     float_or_none,
  33     get_element_by_attribute,
  34     get_element_by_id,
  35     int_or_none,
  36     mimetype2ext,
  37     orderedSet,
  38     parse_codecs,
  39     parse_duration,
  40     qualities,
  41     remove_quotes,
  42     remove_start,
  43     smuggle_url,
  44     str_or_none,
  45     str_to_int,
  46     try_get,
  47     unescapeHTML,
  48     unified_strdate,
  49     unsmuggle_url,
  50     uppercase_escape,
  51     url_or_none,
  52     urlencode_postdata,
  53 )
  54
  55
  56 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  57     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  58     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  59     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  60
  61     _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
  62     _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
  63     _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
  64
  65     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  66     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  67     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  68
  69     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}'
  70
  71     def _set_language(self):
  72         self._set_cookie(
  73             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  74             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  75             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  76
  77     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  78         return [
  79             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  80             for vid_id in ids]
  81
  82     def _login(self):
  83         """
  84         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  85         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  86         False is returned if login failed.
  87
  88         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  89         """
  90         username, password = self._get_login_info()
  91         # No authentication to be performed
  92         if username is None:
  93             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is None:
  94                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  95             return True
  96
  97         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  98             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  99             note='Downloading login page',
 100             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
 101         if login_page is False:
 102             return
 103
 104         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 105
 106         def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
 107             data = login_form.copy()
 108             data.update({
 109                 'pstMsg': 1,
 110                 'checkConnection': 'youtube',
 111                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 112                 'hl': 'en',
 113                 'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
 114                 'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
 115                 'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
 116                 'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
 117             })
 118             return self._download_json(
 119                 url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
 120                 transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
 121                 fatal=False,
 122                 data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
 123                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
 124                     'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
 125                 })
 126
 127         def warn(message):
 128             self._downloader.report_warning(message)
 129
 130         lookup_req = [
 131             username,
 132             None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
 133             [
 134                 None, None,
 135                 [2, 1, None, 1,
 136                  'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
 137                  None, [], 4],
 138                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 139             ],
 140             username,
 141         ]
 142
 143         lookup_results = req(
 144             self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
 145             'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
 146
 147         if lookup_results is False:
 148             return False
 149
 150         user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
 151         if not user_hash:
 152             warn('Unable to extract user hash')
 153             return False
 154
 155         challenge_req = [
 156             user_hash,
 157             None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
 158             [
 159                 None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
 160                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 161             ]]
 162
 163         challenge_results = req(
 164             self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
 165             'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
 166
 167         if challenge_results is False:
 168             return
 169
 170         login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 171         if login_res:
 172             login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 173             warn(
 174                 'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
 175                 if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
 176             return False
 177
 178         res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
 179         if not res:
 180             warn('Unable to extract result entry')
 181             return False
 182
 183         login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
 184         if login_challenge:
 185             challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 186             if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
 187                 # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
 188                 # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
 189                 status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 190                 if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
 191                     warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
 192                     return False
 193
 194                 tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
 195                 if not tl:
 196                     warn('Unable to extract TL')
 197                     return False
 198
 199                 tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 200
 201                 if not tfa_code:
 202                     warn(
 203                         'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 204                         '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 205                     return False
 206
 207                 tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 208
 209                 tfa_req = [
 210                     user_hash, None, 2, None,
 211                     [
 212                         9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
 213                         [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
 214                     ]]
 215
 216                 tfa_results = req(
 217                     self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
 218                     'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
 219
 220                 if tfa_results is False:
 221                     return False
 222
 223                 tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 224                 if tfa_res:
 225                     tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 226                     warn(
 227                         'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
 228                         if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
 229                     return False
 230
 231                 check_cookie_url = try_get(
 232                     tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
 233             else:
 234                 CHALLENGES = {
 235                     'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 236                     'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
 237                     'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 238                 }
 239                 challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
 240                     challenge_str,
 241                     '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
 242                 warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
 243                 return False
 244         else:
 245             check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 246
 247         if not check_cookie_url:
 248             warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
 249             return False
 250
 251         check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
 252             check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
 253
 254         if check_cookie_results is False:
 255             return False
 256
 257         if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
 258             warn('Unable to log in')
 259             return False
 260
 261         return True
 262
 263     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
 264         query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
 265         query['disable_polymer'] = 'true'
 266         kwargs['query'] = query
 267         return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
 268             *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
 269
 270     def _real_initialize(self):
 271         if self._downloader is None:
 272             return
 273         self._set_language()
 274         if not self._login():
 275             return
 276
 277
 278 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 279     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 280     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 281         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 282         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 283             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 284                 yield entry
 285
 286             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 287             if not mobj:
 288                 break
 289
 290             more = self._download_json(
 291                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 292                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
 293                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
 294             content_html = more['content_html']
 295             if not content_html.strip():
 296                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 297                 # have more videos
 298                 break
 299             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 300
 301
 302 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 303     def _process_page(self, content):
 304         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 305             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 306
 307     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 308         ids_in_page = []
 309         titles_in_page = []
 310         for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, page):
 311             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 312             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 313                 continue
 314             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 315             video_title = unescapeHTML(mobj.group('title'))
 316             if video_title:
 317                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 318             try:
 319                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 320                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 321                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 322             except ValueError:
 323                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 324                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 325         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 326
 327
 328 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 329     def _process_page(self, content):
 330         for playlist_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
 331                 r'<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*><a[^>]+href="/?playlist\?list=([0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})"',
 332                 content)):
 333             yield self.url_result(
 334                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 335
 336     def _real_extract(self, url):
 337         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 338         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 339         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 340         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 341
 342
 343 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 344     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 345     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 346                      (
 347                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 348                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 349                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 350                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 351                             (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com/|
 352                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 353                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 354                             (?:www\.)?invidio\.us/|
 355                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 356                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 357                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 358                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 359                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 360                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 361                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 362                                  (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
 363                                  v=
 364                              )
 365                          ))
 366                          |(?:
 367                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 368                             vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
 369                             zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
 370                          )/
 371                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 372                          )
 373                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 374                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 375                      (?!.*?\blist=
 376                         (?:
 377                             %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 378                             WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
 379                         )
 380                      )
 381                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 382                      $""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
 383     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 384     _formats = {
 385         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 386         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 387         '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 388         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 389         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 390         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 391         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 392         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 393         # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
 394         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 395         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 396         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 397         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 398         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 399         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 400         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 401         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 402         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 403
 404
 405         # 3D videos
 406         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 407         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 408         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 409         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 410         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 411         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 412         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 413
 414         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 415         '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 416         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 417         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 418         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 419         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 420         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 421         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 422         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 423
 424         # DASH mp4 video
 425         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 426         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 427         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 428         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 429         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 430         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 431         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 432         '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 433         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 434         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 435         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 436         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 437
 438         # Dash mp4 audio
 439         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 440         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 441         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 442         '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 443         '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 444         '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 445         '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 446
 447         # Dash webm
 448         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 449         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 450         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 451         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 452         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 453         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 454         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 455         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 456         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 457         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 458         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 459         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 460         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 461         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 462         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 463         # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
 464         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 465         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 466         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 467         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 468         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 469         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 470
 471         # Dash webm audio
 472         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
 473         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
 474
 475         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 476         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
 477         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
 478         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
 479
 480         # RTMP (unnamed)
 481         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 482     }
 483     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('ttml', 'vtt')
 484
 485     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 486
 487     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 488     _TESTS = [
 489         {
 490             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
 491             'info_dict': {
 492                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 493                 'ext': 'mp4',
 494                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 495                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 496                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 497                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 498                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 499                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 500                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 501                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 502                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 503                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 504                 'duration': 10,
 505                 'view_count': int,
 506                 'like_count': int,
 507                 'dislike_count': int,
 508                 'start_time': 1,
 509                 'end_time': 9,
 510             }
 511         },
 512         {
 513             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 514             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 515             'info_dict': {
 516                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 517                 'ext': 'mp4',
 518                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 519                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 520                 'alt_title': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 521                 'description': 'md5:f3ceb5ef83a08d95b9d146f973157cc8',
 522                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 523                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 524                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 525                 'duration': 180,
 526                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 527                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 528                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IconaPop',
 529                 'creator': 'Icona Pop',
 530                 'track': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 531                 'artist': 'Icona Pop',
 532             }
 533         },
 534         {
 535             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 536             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 537             'info_dict': {
 538                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 539                 'ext': 'mp4',
 540                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 541                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Official Music Video) (Explicit)',
 542                 'alt_title': 'Tunnel Vision',
 543                 'description': 'md5:07dab3356cde4199048e4c7cd93471e1',
 544                 'duration': 419,
 545                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 546                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 547                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/justintimberlakeVEVO',
 548                 'creator': 'Justin Timberlake',
 549                 'track': 'Tunnel Vision',
 550                 'artist': 'Justin Timberlake',
 551                 'age_limit': 18,
 552             }
 553         },
 554         {
 555             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 556             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 557             'info_dict': {
 558                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 559                 'ext': 'mp4',
 560                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 561                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 562                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 563                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 564                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 565                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
 566                 'age_limit': 18,
 567             }
 568         },
 569         {
 570             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 571             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 572             'info_dict': {
 573                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 574                 'ext': 'mp4',
 575                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 576                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 577                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 578                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 579                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 580                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 581                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 582                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 583                 'duration': 10,
 584                 'view_count': int,
 585                 'like_count': int,
 586                 'dislike_count': int,
 587             },
 588             'params': {
 589                 'skip_download': True,
 590             },
 591         },
 592         {
 593             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 594             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 595             'info_dict': {
 596                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 597                 'ext': 'm4a',
 598                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 599                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 600                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
 601                 'description': '',
 602                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 603                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 604             },
 605             'params': {
 606                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 607                 'format': '141',
 608             },
 609             'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
 610         },
 611         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 612         {
 613             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 614             'info_dict': {
 615                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 616                 'ext': 'm4a',
 617                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
 618                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
 619                 'duration': 244,
 620                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 621                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 622                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 623             },
 624             'params': {
 625                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 626                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 627             },
 628         },
 629         # JS player signature function name containing $
 630         {
 631             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 632             'info_dict': {
 633                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 634                 'ext': 'm4a',
 635                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 636                 'description': 'md5:bec2185232c05479482cb5a9b82719bf',
 637                 'duration': 242,
 638                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 639                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 640                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 641                 'creator': 'Taylor Swift',
 642             },
 643             'params': {
 644                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 645                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 646             },
 647         },
 648         # Controversy video
 649         {
 650             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 651             'info_dict': {
 652                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 653                 'ext': 'mp4',
 654                 'duration': 219,
 655                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 656                 'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
 657                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 658                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
 659                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 660                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 661             }
 662         },
 663         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 664         {
 665             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 666             'info_dict': {
 667                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 668                 'ext': 'mp4',
 669                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 670                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 671                 'duration': 142,
 672                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 673                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 674                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
 675                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 676                 'age_limit': 18,
 677             },
 678         },
 679         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 680         {
 681             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 682             'info_dict': {
 683                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 684                 'ext': 'mp4',
 685                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 686                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 687                 'duration': 246,
 688                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 689                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 690                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/LloydVEVO',
 691                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 692                 'age_limit': 18,
 693             },
 694         },
 695         # video_info is None (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 696         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
 697         {
 698             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 699             'info_dict': {
 700                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 701                 'ext': 'mp4',
 702                 'duration': 266,
 703                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 704                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 705                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
 706                 'creator': 'deadmau5',
 707                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 708                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 709                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 710                 'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
 711             },
 712             'expected_warnings': [
 713                 'DASH manifest missing',
 714             ]
 715         },
 716         # Olympics (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 717         {
 718             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 719             'info_dict': {
 720                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 721                 'ext': 'mp4',
 722                 'duration': 6085,
 723                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 724                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 725                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
 726                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 727                 'uploader': 'Olympic',
 728                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 729             },
 730             'params': {
 731                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 732             }
 733         },
 734         # Non-square pixels
 735         {
 736             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 737             'info_dict': {
 738                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 739                 'ext': 'mp4',
 740                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 741                 'duration': 85,
 742                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 743                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 744                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
 745                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 746                 'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
 747                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 748             },
 749         },
 750         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 751         {
 752             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 753             'info_dict': {
 754                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 755                 'ext': 'webm',
 756                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 757                 'description': '',
 758                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 759                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 760                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 761             },
 762             'params': {
 763                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 764             },
 765             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 766         },
 767         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 768         {
 769             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 770             'info_dict': {
 771                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 772                 'ext': 'webm',
 773                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 774                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 775                 'duration': 220,
 776                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 777                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 778                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
 779                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 780                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
 781             },
 782             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
 783         },
 784         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 785         {
 786             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 787             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 788             'info_dict': {
 789                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 790                 'ext': 'mp4',
 791                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 792                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 793                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 794                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 795                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 796             },
 797             'params': {
 798                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 799                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 800             },
 801             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 802         },
 803         {
 804             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 805             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 806             'info_dict': {
 807                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 808                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 809                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 810             },
 811             'playlist': [{
 812                 'info_dict': {
 813                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 814                     'ext': 'mp4',
 815                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 816                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 817                     'duration': 7335,
 818                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 819                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 820                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 821                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 822                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 823                 },
 824             }, {
 825                 'info_dict': {
 826                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 827                     'ext': 'mp4',
 828                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 829                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 830                     'duration': 7337,
 831                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 832                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 833                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 834                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 835                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 836                 },
 837             }, {
 838                 'info_dict': {
 839                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 840                     'ext': 'mp4',
 841                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 842                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 843                     'duration': 7337,
 844                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 845                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 846                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 847                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 848                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 849                 },
 850             }, {
 851                 'info_dict': {
 852                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 853                     'ext': 'mp4',
 854                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 855                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 856                     'duration': 7334,
 857                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 858                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 859                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 860                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 861                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 862                 },
 863             }],
 864             'params': {
 865                 'skip_download': True,
 866             },
 867             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 868         },
 869         {
 870             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
 871             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
 872             'info_dict': {
 873                 'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
 874                 'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
 875             },
 876             'playlist_count': 2,
 877             'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
 878         },
 879         {
 880             'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 881             'only_matching': True,
 882         },
 883         {
 884             'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
 885             'only_matching': True,
 886         },
 887         {
 888             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 889             # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
 890             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
 891             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
 892             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 893             'info_dict': {
 894                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 895                 'ext': 'mp4',
 896                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 897                 'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 898                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 899                 'duration': 133,
 900                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 901                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 902                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
 903                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 904                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 905                 'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 906                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 907             },
 908             'params': {
 909                 'skip_download': True,
 910             },
 911         },
 912         {
 913             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 914             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 915             'only_matching': True,
 916         },
 917         {
 918             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 919             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 920             'info_dict': {
 921                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 922                 'ext': 'mp4',
 923                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 924                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 925                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 926                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 927                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 928             },
 929             'params': {
 930                 'skip_download': True,
 931             },
 932             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
 933         },
 934         {
 935             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
 936             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
 937             'info_dict': {
 938                 'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
 939                 'ext': 'mp4',
 940                 'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
 941                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
 942                 'duration': 721,
 943                 'upload_date': '20150127',
 944                 'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
 945                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
 946                 'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
 947                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
 948             },
 949             'params': {
 950                 'skip_download': True,
 951             },
 952         },
 953         {
 954             # Channel-like uploader_url
 955             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
 956             'info_dict': {
 957                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
 958                 'ext': 'mp4',
 959                 'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
 960                 'description': 'md5:dda0d780d5a6e120758d1711d062a867',
 961                 'duration': 4060,
 962                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 963                 'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
 964                 'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
 965                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
 966                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
 967             },
 968             'params': {
 969                 'skip_download': True,
 970             },
 971         },
 972         {
 973             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
 974             'only_matching': True,
 975         },
 976         {
 977             # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
 978             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
 979             'only_matching': True,
 980         },
 981         {
 982             # Rental video preview
 983             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
 984             'info_dict': {
 985                 'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
 986                 'ext': 'mp4',
 987                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
 988                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
 989                 'upload_date': '20150811',
 990                 'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
 991                 'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
 992                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
 993                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 994             },
 995             'params': {
 996                 'skip_download': True,
 997             },
 998             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 999         },
1000         {
1001             # YouTube Red video with episode data
1002             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
1003             'info_dict': {
1004                 'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
1005                 'ext': 'mp4',
1006                 'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
1007                 'description': 'md5:46a29be4ceffa65b92d277b93f463c0f',
1008                 'duration': 2085,
1009                 'upload_date': '20170118',
1010                 'uploader': 'Vsauce',
1011                 'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
1012                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
1013                 'series': 'Mind Field',
1014                 'season_number': 1,
1015                 'episode_number': 1,
1016             },
1017             'params': {
1018                 'skip_download': True,
1019             },
1020             'expected_warnings': [
1021                 'Skipping DASH manifest',
1022             ],
1023         },
1024         {
1025             # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
1026             # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
1027             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
1028             'info_dict': {
1029                 'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
1030                 'ext': 'mp4',
1031                 'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
1032                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
1033                 'duration': 965,
1034                 'upload_date': '20140124',
1035                 'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
1036                 'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1037                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1038             },
1039             'params': {
1040                 'skip_download': True,
1041             },
1042         },
1043         {
1044             # itag 212
1045             'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
1046             'only_matching': True,
1047         },
1048         {
1049             # geo restricted to JP
1050             'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
1051             'only_matching': True,
1052         },
1053         {
1054             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
1055             'only_matching': True,
1056         },
1057         {
1058             'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
1059             'only_matching': True,
1060         },
1061         {
1062             # DRM protected
1063             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
1064             'only_matching': True,
1065         },
1066         {
1067             # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
1068             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1069             'info_dict': {
1070                 'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1071                 'ext': 'mp4',
1072                 'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
1073                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
1074                 'duration': 433,
1075                 'upload_date': '20130923',
1076                 'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
1077                 'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1078                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1079                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
1080             },
1081             'params': {
1082                 'skip_download': True,
1083                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
1084             },
1085         }
1086     ]
1087
1088     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
1089         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
1090         self._player_cache = {}
1091
1092     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
1093         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
1094         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
1095
1096     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
1097         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
1098         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
1099
1100     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
1101         """Report extracted video URL."""
1102         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
1103
1104     def report_rtmp_download(self):
1105         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
1106         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
1107
1108     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
1109         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
1110         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
1111
1112     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
1113         id_m = re.match(
1114             r'.*?-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player(?:-new)?|(?:/[a-z]{2,3}_[A-Z]{2})?/base)?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
1115             player_url)
1116         if not id_m:
1117             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
1118         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
1119         player_id = id_m.group('id')
1120
1121         # Read from filesystem cache
1122         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
1123             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
1124         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
1125
1126         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
1127         if cache_spec is not None:
1128             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
1129
1130         download_note = (
1131             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
1132             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
1133             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
1134         )
1135         if player_type == 'js':
1136             code = self._download_webpage(
1137                 player_url, video_id,
1138                 note=download_note,
1139                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1140             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
1141         elif player_type == 'swf':
1142             urlh = self._request_webpage(
1143                 player_url, video_id,
1144                 note=download_note,
1145                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1146             code = urlh.read()
1147             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
1148         else:
1149             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
1150
1151         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1152         cache_res = res(test_string)
1153         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1154
1155         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
1156         return res
1157
1158     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
1159         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
1160             def _genslice(start, end, step):
1161                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
1162                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
1163                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
1164                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
1165
1166             step = None
1167             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
1168             start = '(Never used)'
1169             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
1170                 if step is not None:
1171                     if i - prev == step:
1172                         continue
1173                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
1174                     step = None
1175                     continue
1176                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
1177                     step = i - prev
1178                     start = prev
1179                     continue
1180                 else:
1181                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
1182             if step is None:
1183                 yield 's[%d]' % i
1184             else:
1185                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
1186
1187         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1188         cache_res = func(test_string)
1189         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1190         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
1191         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
1192             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
1193         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
1194                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
1195         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
1196
1197     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
1198         funcname = self._search_regex(
1199             (r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1200              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1201              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*c\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1202              r'\bc\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1203              r'\bc\s*&&\s*d\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
1204             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
1205
1206         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
1207         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
1208         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1209
1210     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
1211         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
1212         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
1213         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
1214         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
1215         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1216
1217     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
1218         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
1219
1220         if player_url is None:
1221             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
1222
1223         if player_url.startswith('//'):
1224             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
1225         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
1226             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1227                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
1228         try:
1229             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
1230             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
1231                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
1232                     video_id, player_url, s
1233                 )
1234                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
1235             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
1236             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
1237                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
1238             return func(s)
1239         except Exception as e:
1240             tb = traceback.format_exc()
1241             raise ExtractorError(
1242                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
1243
1244     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1245         try:
1246             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
1247                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1248                 video_id, note=False)
1249         except ExtractorError as err:
1250             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1251             return {}
1252
1253         sub_lang_list = {}
1254         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
1255             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
1256             if lang in sub_lang_list:
1257                 continue
1258             sub_formats = []
1259             for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1260                 params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1261                     'lang': lang,
1262                     'v': video_id,
1263                     'fmt': ext,
1264                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
1265                 })
1266                 sub_formats.append({
1267                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
1268                     'ext': ext,
1269                 })
1270             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
1271         if not sub_lang_list:
1272             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1273             return {}
1274         return sub_lang_list
1275
1276     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
1277         patterns = (
1278             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
1279             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
1280             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
1281             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
1282             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
1283             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
1284             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
1285             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
1286             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
1287         )
1288         config = self._search_regex(
1289             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
1290         if config:
1291             return self._parse_json(
1292                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
1293
1294     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
1295         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1296            argument to speed up the process."""
1297         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1298         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
1299         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1300         if not player_config:
1301             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1302             return {}
1303         try:
1304             args = player_config['args']
1305             caption_url = args.get('ttsurl')
1306             if caption_url:
1307                 timestamp = args['timestamp']
1308                 # We get the available subtitles
1309                 list_params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1310                     'type': 'list',
1311                     'tlangs': 1,
1312                     'asrs': 1,
1313                 })
1314                 list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1315                 caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1316                 original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1317                 if original_lang_node is None:
1318                     self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1319                     return {}
1320                 original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1321                 caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
1322
1323                 sub_lang_list = {}
1324                 for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1325                     sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1326                     sub_formats = []
1327                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1328                         params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1329                             'lang': original_lang,
1330                             'tlang': sub_lang,
1331                             'fmt': ext,
1332                             'ts': timestamp,
1333                             'kind': caption_kind,
1334                         })
1335                         sub_formats.append({
1336                             'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
1337                             'ext': ext,
1338                         })
1339                     sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1340                 return sub_lang_list
1341
1342             def make_captions(sub_url, sub_langs):
1343                 parsed_sub_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(sub_url)
1344                 caption_qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_sub_url.query)
1345                 captions = {}
1346                 for sub_lang in sub_langs:
1347                     sub_formats = []
1348                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1349                         caption_qs.update({
1350                             'tlang': [sub_lang],
1351                             'fmt': [ext],
1352                         })
1353                         sub_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_sub_url._replace(
1354                             query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(caption_qs, True)))
1355                         sub_formats.append({
1356                             'url': sub_url,
1357                             'ext': ext,
1358                         })
1359                     captions[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1360                 return captions
1361
1362             # New captions format as of 22.06.2017
1363             player_response = args.get('player_response')
1364             if player_response and isinstance(player_response, compat_str):
1365                 player_response = self._parse_json(
1366                     player_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1367                 if player_response:
1368                     renderer = player_response['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
1369                     base_url = renderer['captionTracks'][0]['baseUrl']
1370                     sub_lang_list = []
1371                     for lang in renderer['translationLanguages']:
1372                         lang_code = lang.get('languageCode')
1373                         if lang_code:
1374                             sub_lang_list.append(lang_code)
1375                     return make_captions(base_url, sub_lang_list)
1376
1377             # Some videos don't provide ttsurl but rather caption_tracks and
1378             # caption_translation_languages (e.g. 20LmZk1hakA)
1379             # Does not used anymore as of 22.06.2017
1380             caption_tracks = args['caption_tracks']
1381             caption_translation_languages = args['caption_translation_languages']
1382             caption_url = compat_parse_qs(caption_tracks.split(',')[0])['u'][0]
1383             sub_lang_list = []
1384             for lang in caption_translation_languages.split(','):
1385                 lang_qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(lang))
1386                 sub_lang = lang_qs.get('lc', [None])[0]
1387                 if sub_lang:
1388                     sub_lang_list.append(sub_lang)
1389             return make_captions(caption_url, sub_lang_list)
1390         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1391         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1392         except (KeyError, IndexError, ExtractorError):
1393             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1394             return {}
1395
1396     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, video_info, player_response):
1397         playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
1398             player_response,
1399             lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']) or try_get(
1400             video_info, lambda x: x['videostats_playback_base_url'][0]))
1401         if not playback_url:
1402             return
1403         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
1404         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
1405
1406         # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
1407         # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
1408         CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
1409         cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))
1410
1411         qs.update({
1412             'ver': ['2'],
1413             'cpn': [cpn],
1414         })
1415         playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
1416             parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
1417
1418         self._download_webpage(
1419             playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
1420             'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
1421
1422     @staticmethod
1423     def _extract_urls(webpage):
1424         # Embedded YouTube player
1425         entries = [
1426             unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
1427             for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
1428             (?:
1429                 <iframe[^>]+?src=|
1430                 data-video-url=|
1431                 <embed[^>]+?src=|
1432                 embedSWF\(?:\s*|
1433                 <object[^>]+data=|
1434                 new\s+SWFObject\(
1435             )
1436             (["\'])
1437                 (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1438                 (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
1439             \1''', webpage)]
1440
1441         # lazyYT YouTube embed
1442         entries.extend(list(map(
1443             unescapeHTML,
1444             re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
1445
1446         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
1447         matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
1448             class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
1449             data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
1450         entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
1451
1452         return entries
1453
1454     @staticmethod
1455     def _extract_url(webpage):
1456         urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
1457         return urls[0] if urls else None
1458
1459     @classmethod
1460     def extract_id(cls, url):
1461         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1462         if mobj is None:
1463             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1464         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1465         return video_id
1466
1467     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
1468         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
1469         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Searching for annotations.', errnote='Unable to download video annotations.')
1470
1471     @staticmethod
1472     def _extract_chapters(description, duration):
1473         if not description:
1474             return None
1475         chapter_lines = re.findall(
1476             r'(?:^|<br\s*/>)([^<]*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']yt\.www\.watch\.player\.seekTo[^>]+>(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?::\d{1,2})?)</a>[^>]*)(?=$|<br\s*/>)',
1477             description)
1478         if not chapter_lines:
1479             return None
1480         chapters = []
1481         for next_num, (chapter_line, time_point) in enumerate(
1482                 chapter_lines, start=1):
1483             start_time = parse_duration(time_point)
1484             if start_time is None:
1485                 continue
1486             if start_time > duration:
1487                 break
1488             end_time = (duration if next_num == len(chapter_lines)
1489                         else parse_duration(chapter_lines[next_num][1]))
1490             if end_time is None:
1491                 continue
1492             if end_time > duration:
1493                 end_time = duration
1494             if start_time > end_time:
1495                 break
1496             chapter_title = re.sub(
1497                 r'<a[^>]+>[^<]+</a>', '', chapter_line).strip(' \t-')
1498             chapter_title = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', chapter_title)
1499             chapters.append({
1500                 'start_time': start_time,
1501                 'end_time': end_time,
1502                 'title': chapter_title,
1503             })
1504         return chapters
1505
1506     def _real_extract(self, url):
1507         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1508
1509         proto = (
1510             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1511             else 'https')
1512
1513         start_time = None
1514         end_time = None
1515         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1516         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1517             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1518             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1519                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1520             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1521                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1522             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1523                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1524
1525         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1526         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1527         if mobj:
1528             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1529         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1530
1531         # Get video webpage
1532         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1533         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
1534
1535         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1536         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1537         if mobj is not None:
1538             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1539         else:
1540             player_url = None
1541
1542         dash_mpds = []
1543
1544         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1545             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1546             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1547                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1548
1549         def add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response):
1550             dash_mpd = url_or_none(try_get(
1551                 pl_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['dashManifestUrl'],
1552                 compat_str))
1553             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd not in dash_mpds:
1554                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd)
1555
1556         is_live = None
1557         view_count = None
1558
1559         def extract_view_count(v_info):
1560             return int_or_none(try_get(v_info, lambda x: x['view_count'][0]))
1561
1562         player_response = {}
1563
1564         # Get video info
1565         embed_webpage = None
1566         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1567             age_gate = True
1568             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1569             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1570             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1571             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1572             data = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1573                 'video_id': video_id,
1574                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1575                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1576                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1577             })
1578             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1579             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1580                 video_info_url, video_id,
1581                 note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1582                 errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1583             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1584             add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1585         else:
1586             age_gate = False
1587             video_info = None
1588             sts = None
1589             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1590             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1591             if ytplayer_config:
1592                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1593                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map') or args.get('hlsvp'):
1594                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1595                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1596                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1597                 # Rental video is not rented but preview is available (e.g.
1598                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg,
1599                 # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10532)
1600                 if not video_info and args.get('ypc_vid'):
1601                     return self.url_result(
1602                         args['ypc_vid'], YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=args['ypc_vid'])
1603                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1604                     is_live = True
1605                 sts = ytplayer_config.get('sts')
1606                 if not player_response:
1607                     pl_response = str_or_none(args.get('player_response'))
1608                     if pl_response:
1609                         pl_response = self._parse_json(pl_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1610                         if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1611                             player_response = pl_response
1612             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1613                 add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1614                 # We also try looking in get_video_info since it may contain different dashmpd
1615                 # URL that points to a DASH manifest with possibly different itag set (some itags
1616                 # are missing from DASH manifest pointed by webpage's dashmpd, some - from DASH
1617                 # manifest pointed by get_video_info's dashmpd).
1618                 # The general idea is to take a union of itags of both DASH manifests (for example
1619                 # video with such 'manifest behavior' see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6093)
1620                 self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
1621                 for el in ('info', 'embedded', 'detailpage', 'vevo', ''):
1622                     query = {
1623                         'video_id': video_id,
1624                         'ps': 'default',
1625                         'eurl': '',
1626                         'gl': 'US',
1627                         'hl': 'en',
1628                     }
1629                     if el:
1630                         query['el'] = el
1631                     if sts:
1632                         query['sts'] = sts
1633                     video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1634                         '%s://www.youtube.com/get_video_info' % proto,
1635                         video_id, note=False,
1636                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage',
1637                         fatal=False, query=query)
1638                     if not video_info_webpage:
1639                         continue
1640                     get_video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1641                     if not player_response:
1642                         pl_response = get_video_info.get('player_response', [None])[0]
1643                         if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1644                             player_response = pl_response
1645                             add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1646                     add_dash_mpd(get_video_info)
1647                     if view_count is None:
1648                         view_count = extract_view_count(get_video_info)
1649                     if not video_info:
1650                         video_info = get_video_info
1651                     if 'token' in get_video_info:
1652                         # Different get_video_info requests may report different results, e.g.
1653                         # some may report video unavailability, but some may serve it without
1654                         # any complaint (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7362,
1655                         # the original webpage as well as el=info and el=embedded get_video_info
1656                         # requests report video unavailability due to geo restriction while
1657                         # el=detailpage succeeds and returns valid data). This is probably
1658                         # due to YouTube measures against IP ranges of hosting providers.
1659                         # Working around by preferring the first succeeded video_info containing
1660                         # the token if no such video_info yet was found.
1661                         if 'token' not in video_info:
1662                             video_info = get_video_info
1663                         break
1664
1665         def extract_unavailable_message():
1666             return self._html_search_regex(
1667                 r'(?s)<h1[^>]+id="unavailable-message"[^>]*>(.+?)</h1>',
1668                 video_webpage, 'unavailable message', default=None)
1669
1670         if 'token' not in video_info:
1671             if 'reason' in video_info:
1672                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
1673                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta(
1674                         'regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
1675                     countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
1676                     self.raise_geo_restricted(
1677                         msg=video_info['reason'][0], countries=countries)
1678                 reason = video_info['reason'][0]
1679                 if 'Invalid parameters' in reason:
1680                     unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1681                     if unavailable_message:
1682                         reason = unavailable_message
1683                 raise ExtractorError(
1684                     'YouTube said: %s' % reason,
1685                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1686             else:
1687                 raise ExtractorError(
1688                     '"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason',
1689                     video_id=video_id)
1690
1691         if video_info.get('license_info'):
1692             raise ExtractorError('This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
1693
1694         video_details = try_get(
1695             player_response, lambda x: x['videoDetails'], dict) or {}
1696
1697         # title
1698         if 'title' in video_info:
1699             video_title = video_info['title'][0]
1700         elif 'title' in player_response:
1701             video_title = video_details['title']
1702         else:
1703             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1704             video_title = '_'
1705
1706         # description
1707         description_original = video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1708         if video_description:
1709
1710             def replace_url(m):
1711                 redir_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, m.group(1))
1712                 parsed_redir_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(redir_url)
1713                 if re.search(r'^(?:www\.)?(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|youtu\.be)$', parsed_redir_url.netloc) and parsed_redir_url.path == '/redirect':
1714                     qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_redir_url.query)
1715                     q = qs.get('q')
1716                     if q and q[0]:
1717                         return q[0]
1718                 return redir_url
1719
1720             description_original = video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1721                 <a\s+
1722                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1723                     (?:title|href)="([^"]+)"\s+
1724                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1725                     class="[^"]*"[^>]*>
1726                 [^<]+\.{3}\s*
1727                 </a>
1728             ''', replace_url, video_description)
1729             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1730         else:
1731             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1732             if fd_mobj:
1733                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1734             else:
1735                 video_description = ''
1736
1737         if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1738             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1739                 multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
1740                     player_response,
1741                     lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
1742                     compat_str) or try_get(
1743                     video_info, lambda x: x['multifeed_metadata_list'][0], compat_str)
1744                 if multifeed_metadata_list:
1745                     entries = []
1746                     feed_ids = []
1747                     for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1748                         # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
1749                         # fields may contain comma as well (see
1750                         # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
1751                         feed_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
1752                         entries.append({
1753                             '_type': 'url_transparent',
1754                             'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1755                             'url': smuggle_url(
1756                                 '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1757                                 {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1758                             'title': '%s (%s)' % (video_title, feed_data['title'][0]),
1759                         })
1760                         feed_ids.append(feed_data['id'][0])
1761                     self.to_screen(
1762                         'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1763                         % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1764                     return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1765             else:
1766                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1767
1768         if view_count is None:
1769             view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1770         if view_count is None and video_details:
1771             view_count = int_or_none(video_details.get('viewCount'))
1772
1773         # Check for "rental" videos
1774         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1775             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported. See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/359 for more information.', expected=True)
1776
1777         def _extract_filesize(media_url):
1778             return int_or_none(self._search_regex(
1779                 r'\bclen[=/](\d+)', media_url, 'filesize', default=None))
1780
1781         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1782             self.report_rtmp_download()
1783             formats = [{
1784                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1785                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1786                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1787                 'player_url': player_url,
1788             }]
1789         elif not is_live and (len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1):
1790             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
1791             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1792                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1793             formats_spec = {}
1794             fmt_list = video_info.get('fmt_list', [''])[0]
1795             if fmt_list:
1796                 for fmt in fmt_list.split(','):
1797                     spec = fmt.split('/')
1798                     if len(spec) > 1:
1799                         width_height = spec[1].split('x')
1800                         if len(width_height) == 2:
1801                             formats_spec[spec[0]] = {
1802                                 'resolution': spec[1],
1803                                 'width': int_or_none(width_height[0]),
1804                                 'height': int_or_none(width_height[1]),
1805                             }
1806             q = qualities(['small', 'medium', 'hd720'])
1807             streaming_formats = try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['formats'], list)
1808             if streaming_formats:
1809                 for fmt in streaming_formats:
1810                     itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
1811                     if not itag:
1812                         continue
1813                     quality = fmt.get('quality')
1814                     quality_label = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality
1815                     formats_spec[itag] = {
1816                         'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
1817                         'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
1818                         'format_note': quality_label,
1819                         'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
1820                         'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
1821                         'quality': q(quality),
1822                         # bitrate for itag 43 is always 2147483647
1823                         'tbr': float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000) if itag != '43' else None,
1824                         'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
1825                     }
1826             formats = []
1827             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1828                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1829                 if 'itag' not in url_data or 'url' not in url_data:
1830                     continue
1831                 stream_type = int_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['stream_type'][0]))
1832                 # Unsupported FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF
1833                 if stream_type == 3:
1834                     continue
1835                 format_id = url_data['itag'][0]
1836                 url = url_data['url'][0]
1837
1838                 if 's' in url_data or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1839                     ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
1840                     jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1841                         ASSETS_RE,
1842                         embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
1843                         'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
1844                     if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
1845                         # We need the embed website after all
1846                         if embed_webpage is None:
1847                             embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1848                             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1849                                 embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1850                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1851                             ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
1852
1853                     player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1854                     if player_url is None:
1855                         player_url_json = self._search_regex(
1856                             r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
1857                             video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
1858                         player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
1859
1860                 if 'sig' in url_data:
1861                     url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1862                 elif 's' in url_data:
1863                     encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1864
1865                     if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1866                         if player_url is None:
1867                             player_version = 'unknown'
1868                             player_desc = 'unknown'
1869                         else:
1870                             if player_url.endswith('swf'):
1871                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1872                                     r'-(.+?)(?:/watch_as3)?\.swf$', player_url,
1873                                     'flash player', fatal=False)
1874                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1875                             else:
1876                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1877                                     [r'html5player-([^/]+?)(?:/html5player(?:-new)?)?\.js',
1878                                      r'(?:www|player(?:_ias)?)-([^/]+)(?:/[a-z]{2,3}_[A-Z]{2})?/base\.js'],
1879                                     player_url,
1880                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1881                                 player_desc = 'html5 player %s' % player_version
1882
1883                         parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
1884                         self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
1885                                        (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
1886
1887                     signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1888                         encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1889                     url += '&signature=' + signature
1890                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1891                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1892
1893                 dct = {
1894                     'format_id': format_id,
1895                     'url': url,
1896                     'player_url': player_url,
1897                 }
1898                 if format_id in self._formats:
1899                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
1900                 if format_id in formats_spec:
1901                     dct.update(formats_spec[format_id])
1902
1903                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
1904                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
1905                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
1906                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
1907                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
1908
1909                 filesize = int_or_none(url_data.get(
1910                     'clen', [None])[0]) or _extract_filesize(url)
1911
1912                 quality = url_data.get('quality', [None])[0]
1913
1914                 more_fields = {
1915                     'filesize': filesize,
1916                     'tbr': float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000),
1917                     'width': width,
1918                     'height': height,
1919                     'fps': int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]),
1920                     'format_note': url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or quality,
1921                     'quality': q(quality),
1922                 }
1923                 for key, value in more_fields.items():
1924                     if value:
1925                         dct[key] = value
1926                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0]
1927                 if type_:
1928                     type_split = type_.split(';')
1929                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
1930                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
1931                         kind, _ = kind_ext
1932                         dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(type_split[0])
1933                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
1934                             codecs = None
1935                             for mobj in re.finditer(
1936                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
1937                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
1938                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
1939                                     break
1940                             if codecs:
1941                                 dct.update(parse_codecs(codecs))
1942                 if dct.get('acodec') == 'none' or dct.get('vcodec') == 'none':
1943                     dct['downloader_options'] = {
1944                         # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
1945                         'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
1946                     }
1947                 formats.append(dct)
1948         else:
1949             manifest_url = (
1950                 url_or_none(try_get(
1951                     player_response,
1952                     lambda x: x['streamingData']['hlsManifestUrl'],
1953                     compat_str)) or
1954                 url_or_none(try_get(
1955                     video_info, lambda x: x['hlsvp'][0], compat_str)))
1956             if manifest_url:
1957                 formats = []
1958                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
1959                     manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
1960                 for a_format in m3u8_formats:
1961                     itag = self._search_regex(
1962                         r'/itag/(\d+)/', a_format['url'], 'itag', default=None)
1963                     if itag:
1964                         a_format['format_id'] = itag
1965                         if itag in self._formats:
1966                             dct = self._formats[itag].copy()
1967                             dct.update(a_format)
1968                             a_format = dct
1969                     a_format['player_url'] = player_url
1970                     # Accept-Encoding header causes failures in live streams on Youtube and Youtube Gaming
1971                     a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = 'True'
1972                     formats.append(a_format)
1973             else:
1974                 error_message = clean_html(video_info.get('reason', [None])[0])
1975                 if not error_message:
1976                     error_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1977                 if error_message:
1978                     raise ExtractorError(error_message, expected=True)
1979                 raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp, hlsManifestUrl or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1980
1981         # uploader
1982         video_uploader = try_get(
1983             video_info, lambda x: x['author'][0],
1984             compat_str) or str_or_none(video_details.get('author'))
1985         if video_uploader:
1986             video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_uploader)
1987         else:
1988             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader name')
1989
1990         # uploader_id
1991         video_uploader_id = None
1992         video_uploader_url = None
1993         mobj = re.search(
1994             r'<link itemprop="url" href="(?P<uploader_url>https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>[^"]+))">',
1995             video_webpage)
1996         if mobj is not None:
1997             video_uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
1998             video_uploader_url = mobj.group('uploader_url')
1999         else:
2000             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
2001
2002         channel_id = self._html_search_meta(
2003             'channelId', video_webpage, 'channel id')
2004         channel_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id if channel_id else None
2005
2006         # thumbnail image
2007         # We try first to get a high quality image:
2008         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
2009                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
2010         if m_thumb is not None:
2011             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
2012         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
2013             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
2014             video_thumbnail = None
2015         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
2016             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
2017
2018         # upload date
2019         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
2020             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2021         if not upload_date:
2022             upload_date = self._search_regex(
2023                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
2024                  r'(?:id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?|["\']simpleText["\']\s*:\s*["\'])(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)[<"\']'],
2025                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2026         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
2027
2028         video_license = self._html_search_regex(
2029             r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*License\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li',
2030             video_webpage, 'license', default=None)
2031
2032         m_music = re.search(
2033             r'''(?x)
2034                 <h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*Music\s*</h4>\s*
2035                 <ul[^>]*>\s*
2036                 <li>(?P<title>.+?)
2037                 by (?P<creator>.+?)
2038                 (?:
2039                     \(.+?\)|
2040                     <a[^>]*
2041                         (?:
2042                             \bhref=["\']/red[^>]*>|             # drop possible
2043                             >\s*Listen ad-free with YouTube Red # YouTube Red ad
2044                         )
2045                     .*?
2046                 )?</li
2047             ''',
2048             video_webpage)
2049         if m_music:
2050             video_alt_title = remove_quotes(unescapeHTML(m_music.group('title')))
2051             video_creator = clean_html(m_music.group('creator'))
2052         else:
2053             video_alt_title = video_creator = None
2054
2055         def extract_meta(field):
2056             return self._html_search_regex(
2057                 r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*%s\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li>\s*' % field,
2058                 video_webpage, field, default=None)
2059
2060         track = extract_meta('Song')
2061         artist = extract_meta('Artist')
2062
2063         m_episode = re.search(
2064             r'<div[^>]+id="watch7-headline"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]*>.*?>(?P<series>[^<]+)</a></b>\s*S(?P<season>\d+)\s*•\s*E(?P<episode>\d+)</span>',
2065             video_webpage)
2066         if m_episode:
2067             series = unescapeHTML(m_episode.group('series'))
2068             season_number = int(m_episode.group('season'))
2069             episode_number = int(m_episode.group('episode'))
2070         else:
2071             series = season_number = episode_number = None
2072
2073         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
2074             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
2075             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
2076         if m_cat_container:
2077             category = self._html_search_regex(
2078                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
2079                 default=None)
2080             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
2081         else:
2082             video_categories = None
2083
2084         video_tags = [
2085             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
2086             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
2087
2088         def _extract_count(count_name):
2089             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2090                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
2091                 % re.escape(count_name),
2092                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
2093
2094         like_count = _extract_count('like')
2095         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
2096
2097         if view_count is None:
2098             view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2099                 r'<[^>]+class=["\']watch-view-count[^>]+>\s*([\d,\s]+)', video_webpage,
2100                 'view count', default=None))
2101
2102         # subtitles
2103         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
2104         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
2105
2106         video_duration = try_get(
2107             video_info, lambda x: int_or_none(x['length_seconds'][0]))
2108         if not video_duration:
2109             video_duration = int_or_none(video_details.get('lengthSeconds'))
2110         if not video_duration:
2111             video_duration = parse_duration(self._html_search_meta(
2112                 'duration', video_webpage, 'video duration'))
2113
2114         # annotations
2115         video_annotations = None
2116         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
2117             video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
2118
2119         chapters = self._extract_chapters(description_original, video_duration)
2120
2121         # Look for the DASH manifest
2122         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2123             dash_mpd_fatal = True
2124             for mpd_url in dash_mpds:
2125                 dash_formats = {}
2126                 try:
2127                     def decrypt_sig(mobj):
2128                         s = mobj.group(1)
2129                         dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2130                         return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
2131
2132                     mpd_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, mpd_url)
2133
2134                     for df in self._extract_mpd_formats(
2135                             mpd_url, video_id, fatal=dash_mpd_fatal,
2136                             formats_dict=self._formats):
2137                         if not df.get('filesize'):
2138                             df['filesize'] = _extract_filesize(df['url'])
2139                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
2140                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
2141                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
2142                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
2143                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
2144                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
2145                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
2146                         # can be fixed at all.
2147                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
2148                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
2149                     self.report_warning(
2150                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
2151                 if dash_formats:
2152                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
2153                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
2154                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
2155                     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
2156                     # example.
2157                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
2158                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
2159
2160         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
2161         stretched_m = re.search(
2162             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
2163             video_webpage)
2164         if stretched_m:
2165             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
2166             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
2167             # yt:stretch may hold invalid ratio data (e.g. for Q39EVAstoRM ratio is 17:0).
2168             # We will only process correct ratios.
2169             if w > 0 and h > 0:
2170                 ratio = w / h
2171                 for f in formats:
2172                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
2173                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
2174
2175         self._sort_formats(formats)
2176
2177         self.mark_watched(video_id, video_info, player_response)
2178
2179         return {
2180             'id': video_id,
2181             'uploader': video_uploader,
2182             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
2183             'uploader_url': video_uploader_url,
2184             'channel_id': channel_id,
2185             'channel_url': channel_url,
2186             'upload_date': upload_date,
2187             'license': video_license,
2188             'creator': video_creator or artist,
2189             'title': video_title,
2190             'alt_title': video_alt_title or track,
2191             'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
2192             'description': video_description,
2193             'categories': video_categories,
2194             'tags': video_tags,
2195             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
2196             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
2197             'duration': video_duration,
2198             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
2199             'annotations': video_annotations,
2200             'chapters': chapters,
2201             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
2202             'view_count': view_count,
2203             'like_count': like_count,
2204             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
2205             'average_rating': float_or_none(video_info.get('avg_rating', [None])[0]),
2206             'formats': formats,
2207             'is_live': is_live,
2208             'start_time': start_time,
2209             'end_time': end_time,
2210             'series': series,
2211             'season_number': season_number,
2212             'episode_number': episode_number,
2213             'track': track,
2214             'artist': artist,
2215         }
2216
2217
2218 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2219     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
2220     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
2221                         (?:https?://)?
2222                         (?:\w+\.)?
2223                         (?:
2224                             (?:
2225                                 youtube\.com|
2226                                 invidio\.us
2227                             )
2228                             /
2229                             (?:
2230                                (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/(?:videoseries|[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}))
2231                                \? (?:.*?[&;])*? (?:p|a|list)=
2232                             |  p/
2233                             )|
2234                             youtu\.be/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}\?.*?\blist=
2235                         )
2236                         (
2237                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|OLAK5uy_)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
2238                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
2239                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
2240                         )
2241                         .*
2242                      |
2243                         (%(playlist_id)s)
2244                      )""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
2245     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
2246     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?'
2247     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
2248     _TESTS = [{
2249         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
2250         'info_dict': {
2251             'title': 'ytdl test PL',
2252             'id': 'PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
2253         },
2254         'playlist_count': 3,
2255     }, {
2256         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
2257         'info_dict': {
2258             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
2259             'title': 'YDL_Empty_List',
2260         },
2261         'playlist_count': 0,
2262         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2263     }, {
2264         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
2265         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2266         'info_dict': {
2267             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
2268             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2269         },
2270         'playlist_count': 95,
2271     }, {
2272         'note': 'issue #673',
2273         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2274         'info_dict': {
2275             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
2276             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2277         },
2278         'playlist_mincount': 26,
2279     }, {
2280         'note': 'Large playlist',
2281         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2282         'info_dict': {
2283             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
2284             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2285         },
2286         'playlist_mincount': 799,
2287     }, {
2288         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2289         'info_dict': {
2290             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
2291             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2292         },
2293         'playlist_count': 2,
2294         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2295     }, {
2296         'note': 'embedded',
2297         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2298         'playlist_count': 4,
2299         'info_dict': {
2300             'title': 'JODA15',
2301             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2302         }
2303     }, {
2304         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2305         'playlist_mincount': 485,
2306         'info_dict': {
2307             'title': '2017 華語最新單曲 (2/24更新)',
2308             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2309         }
2310     }, {
2311         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
2312         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
2313         'playlist_count': 4,
2314         'info_dict': {
2315             'title': 'JODA7',
2316             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
2317         }
2318     }, {
2319         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
2320         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2321         'info_dict': {
2322             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
2323             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2324         },
2325         'playlist_mincount': 21,
2326     }, {
2327         # Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist
2328         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
2329         'info_dict': {
2330             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
2331             'ext': 'webm',
2332             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
2333             'uploader': 'STREEM',
2334             'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2335             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2336             'upload_date': '20150526',
2337             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2338             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
2339             'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
2340             'tags': list,
2341             'view_count': int,
2342             'like_count': int,
2343             'dislike_count': int,
2344         },
2345         'params': {
2346             'skip_download': True,
2347         },
2348         'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
2349     }, {
2350         'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
2351         'info_dict': {
2352             'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
2353             'ext': 'mp4',
2354             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
2355             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
2356             'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
2357             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
2358             'upload_date': '20161008',
2359             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2360             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
2361             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
2362             'tags': list,
2363             'like_count': int,
2364             'dislike_count': int,
2365         },
2366         'params': {
2367             'noplaylist': True,
2368             'skip_download': True,
2369         },
2370     }, {
2371         'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
2372         'only_matching': True,
2373     }, {
2374         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
2375         'only_matching': True,
2376     }, {
2377         # music album playlist
2378         'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
2379         'only_matching': True,
2380     }, {
2381         'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PLDIoUOhQQPlXr63I_vwF9GD8sAKh77dWU',
2382         'only_matching': True,
2383     }]
2384
2385     def _real_initialize(self):
2386         self._login()
2387
2388     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
2389         # The mixes are generated from a single video
2390         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
2391         ids = []
2392         last_id = playlist_id[-11:]
2393         for n in itertools.count(1):
2394             url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (last_id, playlist_id)
2395             webpage = self._download_webpage(
2396                 url, playlist_id, 'Downloading page {0} of Youtube mix'.format(n))
2397             new_ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
2398                 r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
2399                            href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
2400                 webpage))
2401             # Fetch new pages until all the videos are repeated, it seems that
2402             # there are always 51 unique videos.
2403             new_ids = [_id for _id in new_ids if _id not in ids]
2404             if not new_ids:
2405                 break
2406             ids.extend(new_ids)
2407             last_id = ids[-1]
2408
2409         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
2410
2411         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
2412         title_span = (
2413             search_title('playlist-title') or
2414             search_title('title long-title') or
2415             search_title('title'))
2416         title = clean_html(title_span)
2417
2418         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
2419
2420     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
2421         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
2422         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
2423
2424         # the yt-alert-message now has tabindex attribute (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/11604)
2425         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>', page):
2426             match = match.strip()
2427             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
2428             mobj = re.match(r'[^<]*(?:The|This) playlist (?P<reason>does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match)
2429             if mobj:
2430                 reason = mobj.group('reason')
2431                 message = 'This playlist %s' % reason
2432                 if 'private' in reason:
2433                     message += ', use --username or --netrc to access it'
2434                 message += '.'
2435                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
2436             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
2437                 raise ExtractorError(
2438                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
2439                     expected=True)
2440             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
2441                 continue
2442             else:
2443                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
2444
2445         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
2446             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
2447             page, 'title', default=None)
2448
2449         _UPLOADER_BASE = r'class=["\']pl-header-details[^>]+>\s*<li>\s*<a[^>]+\bhref='
2450         uploader = self._search_regex(
2451             r'%s["\']/(?:user|channel)/[^>]+>([^<]+)' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2452             page, 'uploader', default=None)
2453         mobj = re.search(
2454             r'%s(["\'])(?P<path>/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>.+?))\1' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2455             page)
2456         if mobj:
2457             uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2458             uploader_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('path'))
2459         else:
2460             uploader_id = uploader_url = None
2461
2462         has_videos = True
2463
2464         if not playlist_title:
2465             try:
2466                 # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (e.g.
2467                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4)
2468                 next(self._entries(page, playlist_id))
2469             except StopIteration:
2470                 has_videos = False
2471
2472         playlist = self.playlist_result(
2473             self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
2474         playlist.update({
2475             'uploader': uploader,
2476             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
2477             'uploader_url': uploader_url,
2478         })
2479
2480         return has_videos, playlist
2481
2482     def _check_download_just_video(self, url, playlist_id):
2483         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
2484         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
2485         video_id = query_dict.get('v', [None])[0] or self._search_regex(
2486             r'(?:(?:^|//)youtu\.be/|youtube\.com/embed/(?!videoseries))([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', url,
2487             'video id', default=None)
2488         if video_id:
2489             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
2490                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
2491                 return video_id, self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2492             else:
2493                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
2494                 return video_id, None
2495         return None, None
2496
2497     def _real_extract(self, url):
2498         # Extract playlist id
2499         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2500         if mobj is None:
2501             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
2502         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
2503
2504         video_id, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, playlist_id)
2505         if video:
2506             return video
2507
2508         if playlist_id.startswith(('RD', 'UL', 'PU')):
2509             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
2510             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
2511
2512         has_videos, playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
2513         if has_videos or not video_id:
2514             return playlist
2515
2516         # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (see
2517         # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10537).
2518         # Fallback to plain video extraction if there is a video id
2519         # along with playlist id.
2520         return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2521
2522
2523 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2524     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
2525     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|(?:www\.)?invidio\.us)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
2526     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
2527     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
2528     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
2529     _TESTS = [{
2530         'note': 'paginated channel',
2531         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2532         'playlist_mincount': 91,
2533         'info_dict': {
2534             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2535             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
2536         }
2537     }, {
2538         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
2539         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
2540         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2541         'playlist_mincount': 64,
2542         'info_dict': {
2543             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2544             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
2545         },
2546     }, {
2547         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UC23qupoDRn9YOAVzeoxjOQA',
2548         'only_matching': True,
2549     }]
2550
2551     @classmethod
2552     def suitable(cls, url):
2553         return (False if YoutubePlaylistsIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeLiveIE.suitable(url)
2554                 else super(YoutubeChannelIE, cls).suitable(url))
2555
2556     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2557         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
2558
2559     def _real_extract(self, url):
2560         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
2561
2562         url = self._build_template_url(url, channel_id)
2563
2564         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
2565         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
2566         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
2567         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
2568             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
2569             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
2570         if channel_page is False:
2571             channel_playlist_id = False
2572         else:
2573             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
2574                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
2575             if not channel_playlist_id:
2576                 channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
2577                     ('al:ios:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad'),
2578                     channel_page, 'channel url', default=None)
2579                 if channel_url:
2580                     channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
2581                         r'vnd\.youtube://user/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)',
2582                         channel_url, 'channel id', default=None)
2583         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
2584             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
2585             return self.url_result(
2586                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
2587
2588         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
2589         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
2590                 class="[^"]*?(?:
2591                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
2592                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
2593                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
2594
2595         if autogenerated:
2596             # The videos are contained in a single page
2597             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
2598             entries = [
2599                 self.url_result(
2600                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
2601                     video_title=video_title)
2602                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
2603             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
2604
2605         try:
2606             next(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id))
2607         except StopIteration:
2608             alert_message = self._html_search_regex(
2609                 r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=(["\']).*?\byt-alert-message\b.*?\1[^>]*>(?P<alert>[^<]+)</div>',
2610                 channel_page, 'alert', default=None, group='alert')
2611             if alert_message:
2612                 raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message, expected=True)
2613
2614         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
2615
2616
2617 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
2618     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
2619     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?P<user>user|c)/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results|shared)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
2620     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/%s/%s/videos'
2621     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
2622
2623     _TESTS = [{
2624         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
2625         'playlist_mincount': 320,
2626         'info_dict': {
2627             'id': 'UUfX55Sx5hEFjoC3cNs6mCUQ',
2628             'title': 'Uploads from The Linux Foundation',
2629         }
2630     }, {
2631         # Only available via https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos
2632         # but not https://www.youtube.com/user/12minuteathlete/videos
2633         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos',
2634         'playlist_mincount': 249,
2635         'info_dict': {
2636             'id': 'UUVjM-zV6_opMDx7WYxnjZiQ',
2637             'title': 'Uploads from 12 Minute Athlete',
2638         }
2639     }, {
2640         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
2641         'only_matching': True,
2642     }, {
2643         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/gametrailers',
2644         'only_matching': True,
2645     }, {
2646         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/gametrailers',
2647         'only_matching': True,
2648     }, {
2649         # This channel is not available, geo restricted to JP
2650         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/kananishinoSMEJ/videos',
2651         'only_matching': True,
2652     }]
2653
2654     @classmethod
2655     def suitable(cls, url):
2656         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
2657         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
2658         other_yt_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.startswith('Youtube') and name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
2659         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_yt_ies):
2660             return False
2661         else:
2662             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
2663
2664     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2665         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2666         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % (mobj.group('user') or 'user', mobj.group('id'))
2667
2668
2669 class YoutubeLiveIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2670     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com live streams'
2671     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:user|channel|c)/)?(?P<id>[^/]+))/live'
2672     IE_NAME = 'youtube:live'
2673
2674     _TESTS = [{
2675         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
2676         'info_dict': {
2677             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
2678             'ext': 'mp4',
2679             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
2680             'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
2681             'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
2682             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
2683             'upload_date': '20150715',
2684             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2685             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
2686             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
2687             'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
2688             'like_count': int,
2689             'dislike_count': int,
2690         },
2691         'params': {
2692             'skip_download': True,
2693         },
2694     }, {
2695         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
2696         'only_matching': True,
2697     }, {
2698         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
2699         'only_matching': True,
2700     }, {
2701         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
2702         'only_matching': True,
2703     }]
2704
2705     def _real_extract(self, url):
2706         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2707         channel_id = mobj.group('id')
2708         base_url = mobj.group('base_url')
2709         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, fatal=False)
2710         if webpage:
2711             page_type = self._og_search_property(
2712                 'type', webpage, 'page type', default='')
2713             video_id = self._html_search_meta(
2714                 'videoId', webpage, 'video id', default=None)
2715             if page_type.startswith('video') and video_id and re.match(
2716                     r'^[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}$', video_id):
2717                 return self.url_result(video_id, YoutubeIE.ie_key())
2718         return self.url_result(base_url)
2719
2720
2721 class YoutubePlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
2722     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user/channel playlists'
2723     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
2724     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlists'
2725
2726     _TESTS = [{
2727         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
2728         'playlist_mincount': 4,
2729         'info_dict': {
2730             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
2731             'title': 'Thirst for Science',
2732         },
2733     }, {
2734         # with "Load more" button
2735         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
2736         'playlist_mincount': 70,
2737         'info_dict': {
2738             'id': 'igorkle1',
2739             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
2740         },
2741     }, {
2742         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw/playlists',
2743         'playlist_mincount': 17,
2744         'info_dict': {
2745             'id': 'UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw',
2746             'title': 'Chem Player',
2747         },
2748     }]
2749
2750
2751 class YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2752     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})(?:[^"]*"[^>]+\btitle="(?P<title>[^"]+))?'
2753
2754
2755 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
2756     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
2757     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
2758     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
2759     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
2760     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
2761     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
2762     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
2763     _TESTS = []
2764
2765     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
2766         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
2767
2768         videos = []
2769         limit = n
2770
2771         url_query = {
2772             'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
2773         }
2774         url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
2775         result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(url_query)
2776
2777         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
2778             data = self._download_json(
2779                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
2780                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
2781                 errnote='Unable to download API page',
2782                 query={'spf': 'navigate'})
2783             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
2784
2785             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
2786                 raise ExtractorError(
2787                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
2788
2789             new_videos = list(self._process_page(html_content))
2790             videos += new_videos
2791             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
2792                 break
2793             next_link = self._html_search_regex(
2794                 r'href="(/results\?[^"]*\bsp=[^"]+)"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]+class="[^"]*\byt-uix-button-content\b[^"]*"[^>]*>Next',
2795                 html_content, 'next link', default=None)
2796             if next_link is None:
2797                 break
2798             result_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', next_link)
2799
2800         if len(videos) > n:
2801             videos = videos[:n]
2802         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
2803
2804
2805 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
2806     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
2807     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
2808     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
2809     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
2810
2811
2812 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
2813     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
2814     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
2815     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
2816     _TESTS = [{
2817         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
2818         'playlist_mincount': 5,
2819         'info_dict': {
2820             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
2821         }
2822     }, {
2823         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
2824         'only_matching': True,
2825     }]
2826
2827     def _real_extract(self, url):
2828         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2829         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
2830         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
2831         return self.playlist_result(self._process_page(webpage), playlist_title=query)
2832
2833
2834 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
2835     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
2836     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
2837     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
2838     _TESTS = [{
2839         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
2840         'playlist_mincount': 5,
2841         'info_dict': {
2842             'id': 'airdisasters',
2843             'title': 'Air Disasters',
2844         }
2845     }]
2846
2847     def _real_extract(self, url):
2848         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
2849         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
2850             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
2851
2852
2853 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2854     """
2855     Base class for feed extractors
2856     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
2857     """
2858     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
2859
2860     @property
2861     def IE_NAME(self):
2862         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
2863
2864     def _real_initialize(self):
2865         self._login()
2866
2867     def _entries(self, page):
2868         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
2869         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
2870         ids = []
2871         more_widget_html = content_html = page
2872         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
2873             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
2874
2875             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
2876             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
2877             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
2878             new_ids = list(filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches)))
2879             if not new_ids:
2880                 break
2881
2882             ids.extend(new_ids)
2883
2884             for entry in self._ids_to_results(new_ids):
2885                 yield entry
2886
2887             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
2888             if not mobj:
2889                 break
2890
2891             more = self._download_json(
2892                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
2893                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
2894                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
2895             content_html = more['content_html']
2896             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
2897
2898     def _real_extract(self, url):
2899         page = self._download_webpage(
2900             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
2901             self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
2902         return self.playlist_result(
2903             self._entries(page), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
2904
2905
2906 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
2907     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
2908     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
2909     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|(?:playlist|watch)\?(?:.+&)?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
2910
2911     _TESTS = [{
2912         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL',
2913         'only_matching': True,
2914     }, {
2915         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCNU9TrbiRk&index=1&list=WL',
2916         'only_matching': True,
2917     }]
2918
2919     def _real_extract(self, url):
2920         _, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, 'WL')
2921         if video:
2922             return video
2923         _, playlist = self._extract_playlist('WL')
2924         return playlist
2925
2926
2927 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2928     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
2929     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
2930     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
2931     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
2932
2933     def _real_extract(self, url):
2934         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
2935         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
2936         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
2937
2938
2939 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2940     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
2941     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
2942     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
2943     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
2944
2945
2946 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2947     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
2948     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
2949     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
2950     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
2951
2952
2953 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2954     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
2955     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
2956     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
2957     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
2958
2959
2960 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
2961     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
2962     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
2963     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
2964         (?:https?://)?
2965         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
2966         (?:watch\?(?:
2967             feature=[a-z_]+|
2968             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
2969             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
2970             hl=[^&]*|
2971             t=[0-9]+
2972         )?
2973         |
2974             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
2975         )
2976         $
2977     '''
2978
2979     _TESTS = [{
2980         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
2981         'only_matching': True,
2982     }, {
2983         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
2984         'only_matching': True,
2985     }, {
2986         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
2987         'only_matching': True,
2988     }, {
2989         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
2990         'only_matching': True,
2991     }, {
2992         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
2993         'only_matching': True,
2994     }, {
2995         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
2996         'only_matching': True,
2997     }]
2998
2999     def _real_extract(self, url):
3000         raise ExtractorError(
3001             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
3002             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
3003             'like  youtube-dl '
3004             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
3005             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
3006             expected=True)
3007
3008
3009 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
3010     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
3011     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3012     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
3013
3014     _TESTS = [{
3015         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
3016         'only_matching': True,
3017     }]
3018
3019     def _real_extract(self, url):
3020         video_id = self._match_id(url)
3021         raise ExtractorError(
3022             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
3023             expected=True)