_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import random
  10 import re
  11 import time
  12 import traceback
  13
  14 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  15 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  16 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  17 from ..compat import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_HTTPError,
  20     compat_kwargs,
  21     compat_parse_qs,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  23     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  24     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  25     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  26     compat_urlparse,
  27     compat_str,
  28 )
  29 from ..utils import (
  30     bool_or_none,
  31     clean_html,
  32     error_to_compat_str,
  33     extract_attributes,
  34     ExtractorError,
  35     float_or_none,
  36     get_element_by_attribute,
  37     get_element_by_id,
  38     int_or_none,
  39     mimetype2ext,
  40     orderedSet,
  41     parse_codecs,
  42     parse_duration,
  43     remove_quotes,
  44     remove_start,
  45     smuggle_url,
  46     str_or_none,
  47     str_to_int,
  48     try_get,
  49     unescapeHTML,
  50     unified_strdate,
  51     unsmuggle_url,
  52     uppercase_escape,
  53     url_or_none,
  54     urlencode_postdata,
  55 )
  56
  57
  58 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  59     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  60     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  61     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  62
  63     _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
  64     _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
  65     _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
  66
  67     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  68     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  69     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  70
  71     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}'
  72
  73     _YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS = {
  74         'x-youtube-client-name': '1',
  75         'x-youtube-client-version': '1.20200609.04.02',
  76     }
  77
  78     def _set_language(self):
  79         self._set_cookie(
  80             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  81             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  82             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  83
  84     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  85         return [
  86             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  87             for vid_id in ids]
  88
  89     def _login(self):
  90         """
  91         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  92         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  93         False is returned if login failed.
  94
  95         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  96         """
  97         username, password = self._get_login_info()
  98         # No authentication to be performed
  99         if username is None:
 100             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is None:
 101                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
 102             return True
 103
 104         login_page = self._download_webpage(
 105             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
 106             note='Downloading login page',
 107             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
 108         if login_page is False:
 109             return
 110
 111         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 112
 113         def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
 114             data = login_form.copy()
 115             data.update({
 116                 'pstMsg': 1,
 117                 'checkConnection': 'youtube',
 118                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 119                 'hl': 'en',
 120                 'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
 121                 'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
 122                 'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
 123                 'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
 124                 # TODO: reverse actual botguard identifier generation algo
 125                 'bgRequest': '["identifier",""]',
 126             })
 127             return self._download_json(
 128                 url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
 129                 transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
 130                 fatal=False,
 131                 data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
 132                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
 133                     'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
 134                 })
 135
 136         def warn(message):
 137             self._downloader.report_warning(message)
 138
 139         lookup_req = [
 140             username,
 141             None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
 142             [
 143                 None, None,
 144                 [2, 1, None, 1,
 145                  'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
 146                  None, [], 4],
 147                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 148             ],
 149             username,
 150         ]
 151
 152         lookup_results = req(
 153             self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
 154             'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
 155
 156         if lookup_results is False:
 157             return False
 158
 159         user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
 160         if not user_hash:
 161             warn('Unable to extract user hash')
 162             return False
 163
 164         challenge_req = [
 165             user_hash,
 166             None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
 167             [
 168                 None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
 169                 1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
 170             ]]
 171
 172         challenge_results = req(
 173             self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
 174             'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
 175
 176         if challenge_results is False:
 177             return
 178
 179         login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 180         if login_res:
 181             login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 182             warn(
 183                 'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
 184                 if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
 185             return False
 186
 187         res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
 188         if not res:
 189             warn('Unable to extract result entry')
 190             return False
 191
 192         login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
 193         if login_challenge:
 194             challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 195             if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
 196                 # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
 197                 # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
 198                 status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 199                 if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
 200                     warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
 201                     return False
 202
 203                 tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
 204                 if not tl:
 205                     warn('Unable to extract TL')
 206                     return False
 207
 208                 tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 209
 210                 if not tfa_code:
 211                     warn(
 212                         'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 213                         '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 214                     return False
 215
 216                 tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 217
 218                 tfa_req = [
 219                     user_hash, None, 2, None,
 220                     [
 221                         9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
 222                         [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
 223                     ]]
 224
 225                 tfa_results = req(
 226                     self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
 227                     'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
 228
 229                 if tfa_results is False:
 230                     return False
 231
 232                 tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
 233                 if tfa_res:
 234                     tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
 235                     warn(
 236                         'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
 237                         if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
 238                     return False
 239
 240                 check_cookie_url = try_get(
 241                     tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
 242             else:
 243                 CHALLENGES = {
 244                     'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 245                     'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
 246                     'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
 247                 }
 248                 challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
 249                     challenge_str,
 250                     '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
 251                 warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
 252                 return False
 253         else:
 254             check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
 255
 256         if not check_cookie_url:
 257             warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
 258             return False
 259
 260         check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
 261             check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
 262
 263         if check_cookie_results is False:
 264             return False
 265
 266         if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
 267             warn('Unable to log in')
 268             return False
 269
 270         return True
 271
 272     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
 273         query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
 274         query['disable_polymer'] = 'true'
 275         kwargs['query'] = query
 276         return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
 277             *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
 278
 279     def _real_initialize(self):
 280         if self._downloader is None:
 281             return
 282         self._set_language()
 283         if not self._login():
 284             return
 285
 286
 287 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 288     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 289     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 290         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 291         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 292             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 293                 yield entry
 294
 295             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 296             if not mobj:
 297                 break
 298
 299             count = 0
 300             retries = 3
 301             while count <= retries:
 302                 try:
 303                     # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
 304                     # that is usually worked around with a retry
 305                     more = self._download_json(
 306                         'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 307                         'Downloading page #%s%s'
 308                         % (page_num, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''),
 309                         transform_source=uppercase_escape,
 310                         headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
 311                     break
 312                 except ExtractorError as e:
 313                     if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503):
 314                         count += 1
 315                         if count <= retries:
 316                             continue
 317                     raise
 318
 319             content_html = more['content_html']
 320             if not content_html.strip():
 321                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 322                 # have more videos
 323                 break
 324             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 325
 326
 327 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 328     def _process_page(self, content):
 329         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 330             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 331
 332     def extract_videos_from_page_impl(self, video_re, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page):
 333         for mobj in re.finditer(video_re, page):
 334             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 335             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 336                 continue
 337             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 338             video_title = unescapeHTML(
 339                 mobj.group('title')) if 'title' in mobj.groupdict() else None
 340             if video_title:
 341                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 342             if video_title == '► Play all':
 343                 video_title = None
 344             try:
 345                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 346                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 347                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 348             except ValueError:
 349                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 350                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 351
 352     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 353         ids_in_page = []
 354         titles_in_page = []
 355         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
 356             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 357         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 358
 359
 360 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 361     def _process_page(self, content):
 362         for playlist_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
 363                 r'<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*><a[^>]+href="/?playlist\?list=([0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})"',
 364                 content)):
 365             yield self.url_result(
 366                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 367
 368     def _real_extract(self, url):
 369         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 370         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 371         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 372         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 373
 374
 375 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 376     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 377     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 378                      (
 379                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 380                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com/|
 381                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 382                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 383                             (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com/|
 384                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 385                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 386                             # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/omarroth/invidious/wiki/Invidious-Instances
 387                             (?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us/|
 388                             (?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh/|
 389                             (?:(?:www|fi|de)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org/|
 390                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk/|
 391                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 392                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host/|
 393                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz/|
 394                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr/|
 395                             (?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co/|
 396                             (?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx/|
 397                             (?:www\.)?yewtu\.be/|
 398                             (?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org/|
 399                             (?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi/|
 400                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de/|
 401                             (?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh/|
 402                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de/|
 403                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln/|
 404                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr/|
 405                             (?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com/|
 406                             (?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion/|
 407                             (?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion/|
 408                             (?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion/|
 409                             (?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion/|
 410                             (?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion/|
 411                             (?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion/|
 412                             (?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p/|
 413                             (?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion/|
 414                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 415                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 416                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 417                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 418                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 419                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 420                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 421                                  (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
 422                                  v=
 423                              )
 424                          ))
 425                          |(?:
 426                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 427                             vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
 428                             zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
 429                          )/
 430                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 431                          )
 432                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 433                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 434                      (?!.*?\blist=
 435                         (?:
 436                             %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 437                             WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
 438                         )
 439                      )
 440                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 441                      $""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
 442     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 443     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
 444         r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?/base\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 445         r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 446     )
 447     _formats = {
 448         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 449         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
 450         '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 451         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 452         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 453         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 454         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 455         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 456         # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
 457         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
 458         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 459         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 460         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 461         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 462         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 463         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 464         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 465         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 466
 467
 468         # 3D videos
 469         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 470         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 471         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 472         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
 473         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 474         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 475         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
 476
 477         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 478         '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 479         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 480         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 481         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 482         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 483         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 484         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 485         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
 486
 487         # DASH mp4 video
 488         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 489         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 490         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 491         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 492         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 493         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 494         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 495         '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 496         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 497         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 498         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
 499         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 500
 501         # Dash mp4 audio
 502         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 503         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 504         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 505         '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 506         '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 507         '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 508         '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 509
 510         # Dash webm
 511         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 512         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 513         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 514         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 515         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 516         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
 517         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 518         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 519         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 520         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 521         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 522         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 523         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 524         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 525         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 526         # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
 527         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 528         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 529         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 530         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 531         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 532         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
 533
 534         # Dash webm audio
 535         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
 536         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
 537
 538         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 539         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
 540         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
 541         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
 542
 543         # RTMP (unnamed)
 544         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 545
 546         # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
 547         '394': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 548         '395': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 549         '396': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 550         '397': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
 551     }
 552     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 553
 554     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 555
 556     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 557     _TESTS = [
 558         {
 559             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
 560             'info_dict': {
 561                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 562                 'ext': 'mp4',
 563                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 564                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 565                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 566                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 567                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 568                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
 569                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 570                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 571                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 572                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 573                 'duration': 10,
 574                 'view_count': int,
 575                 'like_count': int,
 576                 'dislike_count': int,
 577                 'start_time': 1,
 578                 'end_time': 9,
 579             }
 580         },
 581         {
 582             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 583             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 584             'info_dict': {
 585                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 586                 'ext': 'mp4',
 587                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 588                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 589                 'alt_title': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 590                 'description': 'md5:19a2f98d9032b9311e686ed039564f63',
 591                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 592                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 593                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 594                 'duration': 180,
 595                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 596                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 597                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IconaPop',
 598                 'creator': 'Icona Pop',
 599                 'track': 'I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)',
 600                 'artist': 'Icona Pop',
 601             }
 602         },
 603         {
 604             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 605             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 606             'info_dict': {
 607                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 608                 'ext': 'mp4',
 609                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 610                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Official Music Video) (Explicit)',
 611                 'alt_title': 'Tunnel Vision',
 612                 'description': 'md5:07dab3356cde4199048e4c7cd93471e1',
 613                 'duration': 419,
 614                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 615                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 616                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/justintimberlakeVEVO',
 617                 'creator': 'Justin Timberlake',
 618                 'track': 'Tunnel Vision',
 619                 'artist': 'Justin Timberlake',
 620                 'age_limit': 18,
 621             }
 622         },
 623         {
 624             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 625             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 626             'info_dict': {
 627                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 628                 'ext': 'mp4',
 629                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 630                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 631                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 632                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 633                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 634                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
 635                 'age_limit': 18,
 636             }
 637         },
 638         {
 639             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 640             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 641             'info_dict': {
 642                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 643                 'ext': 'mp4',
 644                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 645                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 646                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 647                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
 648                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 649                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 650                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 651                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 652                 'duration': 10,
 653                 'view_count': int,
 654                 'like_count': int,
 655                 'dislike_count': int,
 656             },
 657             'params': {
 658                 'skip_download': True,
 659             },
 660         },
 661         {
 662             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 663             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 664             'info_dict': {
 665                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 666                 'ext': 'm4a',
 667                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 668                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 669                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
 670                 'description': '',
 671                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 672                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 673             },
 674             'params': {
 675                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 676                 'format': '141',
 677             },
 678             'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
 679         },
 680         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 681         {
 682             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 683             'info_dict': {
 684                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 685                 'ext': 'm4a',
 686                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
 687                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
 688                 'duration': 244,
 689                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 690                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 691                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 692             },
 693             'params': {
 694                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 695                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 696             },
 697         },
 698         # JS player signature function name containing $
 699         {
 700             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 701             'info_dict': {
 702                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 703                 'ext': 'm4a',
 704                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 705                 'description': 'md5:307195cd21ff7fa352270fe884570ef0',
 706                 'duration': 242,
 707                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 708                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 709                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 710             },
 711             'params': {
 712                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 713                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
 714             },
 715         },
 716         # Controversy video
 717         {
 718             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 719             'info_dict': {
 720                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 721                 'ext': 'mp4',
 722                 'duration': 219,
 723                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 724                 'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
 725                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 726                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
 727                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 728                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 729             }
 730         },
 731         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 732         {
 733             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 734             'info_dict': {
 735                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 736                 'ext': 'mp4',
 737                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 738                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 739                 'duration': 142,
 740                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 741                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 742                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
 743                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 744                 'age_limit': 18,
 745             },
 746         },
 747         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 748         {
 749             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 750             'info_dict': {
 751                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 752                 'ext': 'mp4',
 753                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 754                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 755                 'duration': 246,
 756                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 757                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 758                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/LloydVEVO',
 759                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 760                 'age_limit': 18,
 761             },
 762         },
 763         # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 764         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
 765         {
 766             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 767             'info_dict': {
 768                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 769                 'ext': 'mp4',
 770                 'duration': 266,
 771                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 772                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 773                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
 774                 'creator': 'Dada Life, deadmau5',
 775                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 776                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 777                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 778                 'alt_title': 'This Machine Kills Some Chords',
 779             },
 780             'expected_warnings': [
 781                 'DASH manifest missing',
 782             ]
 783         },
 784         # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 785         {
 786             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 787             'info_dict': {
 788                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 789                 'ext': 'mp4',
 790                 'duration': 6085,
 791                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 792                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 793                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
 794                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 795                 'uploader': 'Olympic',
 796                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 797             },
 798             'params': {
 799                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 800             }
 801         },
 802         # Non-square pixels
 803         {
 804             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 805             'info_dict': {
 806                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 807                 'ext': 'mp4',
 808                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 809                 'duration': 85,
 810                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 811                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 812                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
 813                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 814                 'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
 815                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 816             },
 817         },
 818         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 819         {
 820             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 821             'info_dict': {
 822                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 823                 'ext': 'webm',
 824                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 825                 'description': '',
 826                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 827                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 828                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 829             },
 830             'params': {
 831                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 832             },
 833             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 834         },
 835         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 836         {
 837             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 838             'info_dict': {
 839                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 840                 'ext': 'webm',
 841                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 842                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 843                 'duration': 220,
 844                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 845                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 846                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
 847                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 848                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
 849             },
 850             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
 851         },
 852         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 853         {
 854             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 855             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 856             'info_dict': {
 857                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 858                 'ext': 'mp4',
 859                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 860                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 861                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 862                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 863                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 864             },
 865             'params': {
 866                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 867                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 868             },
 869             'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
 870         },
 871         {
 872             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 873             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 874             'info_dict': {
 875                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 876                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 877                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 878             },
 879             'playlist': [{
 880                 'info_dict': {
 881                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 882                     'ext': 'mp4',
 883                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 884                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 885                     'duration': 7335,
 886                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 887                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 888                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 889                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 890                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 891                 },
 892             }, {
 893                 'info_dict': {
 894                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 895                     'ext': 'mp4',
 896                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 897                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 898                     'duration': 7337,
 899                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 900                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 901                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 902                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 903                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 904                 },
 905             }, {
 906                 'info_dict': {
 907                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 908                     'ext': 'mp4',
 909                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 910                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 911                     'duration': 7337,
 912                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 913                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 914                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 915                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 916                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 917                 },
 918             }, {
 919                 'info_dict': {
 920                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 921                     'ext': 'mp4',
 922                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 923                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 924                     'duration': 7334,
 925                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 926                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 927                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 928                     'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/beergamesbeer',
 929                     'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
 930                 },
 931             }],
 932             'params': {
 933                 'skip_download': True,
 934             },
 935             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
 936         },
 937         {
 938             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
 939             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
 940             'info_dict': {
 941                 'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
 942                 'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
 943             },
 944             'playlist_count': 2,
 945             'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
 946         },
 947         {
 948             'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 949             'only_matching': True,
 950         },
 951         {
 952             'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
 953             'only_matching': True,
 954         },
 955         {
 956             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 957             # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
 958             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
 959             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
 960             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 961             'info_dict': {
 962                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 963                 'ext': 'mp4',
 964                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 965                 'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 966                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 967                 'duration': 133,
 968                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 969                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 970                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
 971                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 972                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 973                 'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
 974                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
 975                 'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
 976             },
 977             'params': {
 978                 'skip_download': True,
 979             },
 980         },
 981         {
 982             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 983             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 984             'only_matching': True,
 985         },
 986         {
 987             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 988             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 989             'info_dict': {
 990                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 991                 'ext': 'mp4',
 992                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 993                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 994                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 995                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 996                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 997             },
 998             'params': {
 999                 'skip_download': True,
1000             },
1001             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
1002         },
1003         {
1004             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
1005             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
1006             'info_dict': {
1007                 'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
1008                 'ext': 'mp4',
1009                 'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
1010                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
1011                 'duration': 721,
1012                 'upload_date': '20150127',
1013                 'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
1014                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
1015                 'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
1016                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1017             },
1018             'params': {
1019                 'skip_download': True,
1020             },
1021         },
1022         {
1023             # Channel-like uploader_url
1024             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
1025             'info_dict': {
1026                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
1027                 'ext': 'mp4',
1028                 'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
1029                 'description': 'md5:dda0d780d5a6e120758d1711d062a867',
1030                 'duration': 4060,
1031                 'upload_date': '20151119',
1032                 'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
1033                 'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1034                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
1035                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
1036             },
1037             'params': {
1038                 'skip_download': True,
1039             },
1040         },
1041         {
1042             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
1043             'only_matching': True,
1044         },
1045         {
1046             # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
1047             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
1048             'only_matching': True,
1049         },
1050         {
1051             # Rental video preview
1052             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
1053             'info_dict': {
1054                 'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
1055                 'ext': 'mp4',
1056                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
1057                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
1058                 'upload_date': '20150811',
1059                 'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
1060                 'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
1061                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
1062                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
1063             },
1064             'params': {
1065                 'skip_download': True,
1066             },
1067             'skip': 'This video is not available.',
1068         },
1069         {
1070             # YouTube Red video with episode data
1071             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
1072             'info_dict': {
1073                 'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
1074                 'ext': 'mp4',
1075                 'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
1076                 'description': 'md5:46a29be4ceffa65b92d277b93f463c0f',
1077                 'duration': 2085,
1078                 'upload_date': '20170118',
1079                 'uploader': 'Vsauce',
1080                 'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
1081                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
1082                 'series': 'Mind Field',
1083                 'season_number': 1,
1084                 'episode_number': 1,
1085             },
1086             'params': {
1087                 'skip_download': True,
1088             },
1089             'expected_warnings': [
1090                 'Skipping DASH manifest',
1091             ],
1092         },
1093         {
1094             # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
1095             # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
1096             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
1097             'info_dict': {
1098                 'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
1099                 'ext': 'mp4',
1100                 'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
1101                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
1102                 'duration': 965,
1103                 'upload_date': '20140124',
1104                 'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
1105                 'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1106                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
1107             },
1108             'params': {
1109                 'skip_download': True,
1110             },
1111         },
1112         {
1113             # itag 212
1114             'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
1115             'only_matching': True,
1116         },
1117         {
1118             # geo restricted to JP
1119             'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
1120             'only_matching': True,
1121         },
1122         {
1123             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
1124             'only_matching': True,
1125         },
1126         {
1127             'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
1128             'only_matching': True,
1129         },
1130         {
1131             # DRM protected
1132             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
1133             'only_matching': True,
1134         },
1135         {
1136             # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
1137             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1138             'info_dict': {
1139                 'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
1140                 'ext': 'mp4',
1141                 'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
1142                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
1143                 'duration': 433,
1144                 'upload_date': '20130923',
1145                 'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
1146                 'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1147                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
1148                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
1149             },
1150             'params': {
1151                 'skip_download': True,
1152                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
1153             },
1154             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
1155         },
1156         {
1157             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1158             'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
1159             'info_dict': {
1160                 'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
1161                 'ext': 'mp4',
1162                 'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
1163                 'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
1164                 'upload_date': '20190312',
1165                 'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
1166                 'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
1167                 'artist': 'Stephen',
1168                 'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
1169                 'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
1170                 'release_date': '20190313',
1171                 'release_year': 2019,
1172             },
1173             'params': {
1174                 'skip_download': True,
1175             },
1176         },
1177         {
1178             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1179             # Retrieve 'artist' field from 'Artist:' in video description
1180             # when it is present on youtube music video
1181             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0jLE7tTwjY',
1182             'info_dict': {
1183                 'id': 'k0jLE7tTwjY',
1184                 'ext': 'mp4',
1185                 'title': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1186                 'description': 'md5:3cb1e8101a7c85fcba9b4fb41b951335',
1187                 'upload_date': '20150110',
1188                 'uploader': 'Various Artists - Topic',
1189                 'uploader_id': 'UCNkEcmYdjrH4RqtNgh7BZ9w',
1190                 'artist': 'Disclosure',
1191                 'track': 'Latch Feat. Sam Smith',
1192                 'album': 'Latch Featuring Sam Smith',
1193                 'release_date': '20121008',
1194                 'release_year': 2012,
1195             },
1196             'params': {
1197                 'skip_download': True,
1198             },
1199         },
1200         {
1201             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1202             # handle multiple artists on youtube music video
1203             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74qn0eJSjpA',
1204             'info_dict': {
1205                 'id': '74qn0eJSjpA',
1206                 'ext': 'mp4',
1207                 'title': 'Eastside',
1208                 'description': 'md5:290516bb73dcbfab0dcc4efe6c3de5f2',
1209                 'upload_date': '20180710',
1210                 'uploader': 'Benny Blanco - Topic',
1211                 'uploader_id': 'UCzqz_ksRu_WkIzmivMdIS7A',
1212                 'artist': 'benny blanco, Halsey, Khalid',
1213                 'track': 'Eastside',
1214                 'album': 'Eastside',
1215                 'release_date': '20180713',
1216                 'release_year': 2018,
1217             },
1218             'params': {
1219                 'skip_download': True,
1220             },
1221         },
1222         {
1223             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
1224             # handle youtube music video with release_year and no release_date
1225             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hcAI0g-f5M',
1226             'info_dict': {
1227                 'id': '-hcAI0g-f5M',
1228                 'ext': 'mp4',
1229                 'title': 'Put It On Me',
1230                 'description': 'md5:f6422397c07c4c907c6638e1fee380a5',
1231                 'upload_date': '20180426',
1232                 'uploader': 'Matt Maeson - Topic',
1233                 'uploader_id': 'UCnEkIGqtGcQMLk73Kp-Q5LQ',
1234                 'artist': 'Matt Maeson',
1235                 'track': 'Put It On Me',
1236                 'album': 'The Hearse',
1237                 'release_date': None,
1238                 'release_year': 2018,
1239             },
1240             'params': {
1241                 'skip_download': True,
1242             },
1243         },
1244         {
1245             'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
1246             'only_matching': True,
1247         },
1248         {
1249             # invalid -> valid video id redirection
1250             'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
1251             'info_dict': {
1252                 'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
1253                 'ext': 'mp4',
1254                 'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
1255                 'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
1256                 'upload_date': '20090125',
1257                 'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
1258                 'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
1259                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
1260                 'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
1261                 'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
1262                 'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
1263             },
1264             'params': {
1265                 'skip_download': True,
1266             },
1267         }
1268     ]
1269
1270     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
1271         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
1272         self._player_cache = {}
1273
1274     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
1275         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
1276         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
1277
1278     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
1279         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
1280         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
1281
1282     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
1283         """Report extracted video URL."""
1284         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
1285
1286     def report_rtmp_download(self):
1287         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
1288         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
1289
1290     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
1291         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
1292         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
1293
1294     @classmethod
1295     def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
1296         for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
1297             id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
1298             if id_m:
1299                 break
1300         else:
1301             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
1302         return id_m.group('ext'), id_m.group('id')
1303
1304     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
1305         player_type, player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
1306
1307         # Read from filesystem cache
1308         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
1309             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
1310         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
1311
1312         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
1313         if cache_spec is not None:
1314             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
1315
1316         download_note = (
1317             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
1318             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
1319             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
1320         )
1321         if player_type == 'js':
1322             code = self._download_webpage(
1323                 player_url, video_id,
1324                 note=download_note,
1325                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1326             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
1327         elif player_type == 'swf':
1328             urlh = self._request_webpage(
1329                 player_url, video_id,
1330                 note=download_note,
1331                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
1332             code = urlh.read()
1333             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
1334         else:
1335             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
1336
1337         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1338         cache_res = res(test_string)
1339         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1340
1341         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
1342         return res
1343
1344     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
1345         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
1346             def _genslice(start, end, step):
1347                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
1348                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
1349                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
1350                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
1351
1352             step = None
1353             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
1354             start = '(Never used)'
1355             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
1356                 if step is not None:
1357                     if i - prev == step:
1358                         continue
1359                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
1360                     step = None
1361                     continue
1362                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
1363                     step = i - prev
1364                     start = prev
1365                     continue
1366                 else:
1367                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
1368             if step is None:
1369                 yield 's[%d]' % i
1370             else:
1371                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
1372
1373         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
1374         cache_res = func(test_string)
1375         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
1376         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
1377         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
1378             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
1379         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
1380                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
1381         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
1382
1383     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
1384         funcname = self._search_regex(
1385             (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1386              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1387              r'\b(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1388              r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
1389              # Obsolete patterns
1390              r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1391              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1392              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1393              r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1394              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1395              r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1396              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
1397              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
1398             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
1399
1400         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
1401         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
1402         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1403
1404     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
1405         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
1406         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
1407         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
1408         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
1409         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
1410
1411     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
1412         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
1413
1414         if player_url is None:
1415             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
1416
1417         if player_url.startswith('//'):
1418             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
1419         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
1420             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1421                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
1422         try:
1423             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
1424             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
1425                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
1426                     video_id, player_url, s
1427                 )
1428                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
1429             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
1430             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
1431                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
1432             return func(s)
1433         except Exception as e:
1434             tb = traceback.format_exc()
1435             raise ExtractorError(
1436                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
1437
1438     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1439         try:
1440             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
1441                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1442                 video_id, note=False)
1443         except ExtractorError as err:
1444             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1445             return {}
1446
1447         sub_lang_list = {}
1448         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
1449             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
1450             if lang in sub_lang_list:
1451                 continue
1452             sub_formats = []
1453             for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1454                 params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1455                     'lang': lang,
1456                     'v': video_id,
1457                     'fmt': ext,
1458                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
1459                 })
1460                 sub_formats.append({
1461                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
1462                     'ext': ext,
1463                 })
1464             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
1465         if not sub_lang_list:
1466             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1467             return {}
1468         return sub_lang_list
1469
1470     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
1471         patterns = (
1472             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
1473             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
1474             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
1475             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
1476             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
1477             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
1478             # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
1479             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
1480             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
1481         )
1482         config = self._search_regex(
1483             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
1484         if config:
1485             return self._parse_json(
1486                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
1487
1488     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
1489         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1490            argument to speed up the process."""
1491         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1492         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
1493         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1494         if not player_config:
1495             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1496             return {}
1497         try:
1498             args = player_config['args']
1499             caption_url = args.get('ttsurl')
1500             if caption_url:
1501                 timestamp = args['timestamp']
1502                 # We get the available subtitles
1503                 list_params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1504                     'type': 'list',
1505                     'tlangs': 1,
1506                     'asrs': 1,
1507                 })
1508                 list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1509                 caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1510                 original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1511                 if original_lang_node is None:
1512                     self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1513                     return {}
1514                 original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1515                 caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
1516
1517                 sub_lang_list = {}
1518                 for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1519                     sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1520                     sub_formats = []
1521                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1522                         params = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1523                             'lang': original_lang,
1524                             'tlang': sub_lang,
1525                             'fmt': ext,
1526                             'ts': timestamp,
1527                             'kind': caption_kind,
1528                         })
1529                         sub_formats.append({
1530                             'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
1531                             'ext': ext,
1532                         })
1533                     sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1534                 return sub_lang_list
1535
1536             def make_captions(sub_url, sub_langs):
1537                 parsed_sub_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(sub_url)
1538                 caption_qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_sub_url.query)
1539                 captions = {}
1540                 for sub_lang in sub_langs:
1541                     sub_formats = []
1542                     for ext in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
1543                         caption_qs.update({
1544                             'tlang': [sub_lang],
1545                             'fmt': [ext],
1546                         })
1547                         sub_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_sub_url._replace(
1548                             query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(caption_qs, True)))
1549                         sub_formats.append({
1550                             'url': sub_url,
1551                             'ext': ext,
1552                         })
1553                     captions[sub_lang] = sub_formats
1554                 return captions
1555
1556             # New captions format as of 22.06.2017
1557             player_response = args.get('player_response')
1558             if player_response and isinstance(player_response, compat_str):
1559                 player_response = self._parse_json(
1560                     player_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1561                 if player_response:
1562                     renderer = player_response['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer']
1563                     base_url = renderer['captionTracks'][0]['baseUrl']
1564                     sub_lang_list = []
1565                     for lang in renderer['translationLanguages']:
1566                         lang_code = lang.get('languageCode')
1567                         if lang_code:
1568                             sub_lang_list.append(lang_code)
1569                     return make_captions(base_url, sub_lang_list)
1570
1571             # Some videos don't provide ttsurl but rather caption_tracks and
1572             # caption_translation_languages (e.g. 20LmZk1hakA)
1573             # Does not used anymore as of 22.06.2017
1574             caption_tracks = args['caption_tracks']
1575             caption_translation_languages = args['caption_translation_languages']
1576             caption_url = compat_parse_qs(caption_tracks.split(',')[0])['u'][0]
1577             sub_lang_list = []
1578             for lang in caption_translation_languages.split(','):
1579                 lang_qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(lang))
1580                 sub_lang = lang_qs.get('lc', [None])[0]
1581                 if sub_lang:
1582                     sub_lang_list.append(sub_lang)
1583             return make_captions(caption_url, sub_lang_list)
1584         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1585         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1586         except (KeyError, IndexError, ExtractorError):
1587             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1588             return {}
1589
1590     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, video_info, player_response):
1591         playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
1592             player_response,
1593             lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']) or try_get(
1594             video_info, lambda x: x['videostats_playback_base_url'][0]))
1595         if not playback_url:
1596             return
1597         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
1598         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
1599
1600         # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
1601         # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
1602         CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
1603         cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))
1604
1605         qs.update({
1606             'ver': ['2'],
1607             'cpn': [cpn],
1608         })
1609         playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
1610             parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
1611
1612         self._download_webpage(
1613             playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
1614             'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
1615
1616     @staticmethod
1617     def _extract_urls(webpage):
1618         # Embedded YouTube player
1619         entries = [
1620             unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
1621             for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
1622             (?:
1623                 <iframe[^>]+?src=|
1624                 data-video-url=|
1625                 <embed[^>]+?src=|
1626                 embedSWF\(?:\s*|
1627                 <object[^>]+data=|
1628                 new\s+SWFObject\(
1629             )
1630             (["\'])
1631                 (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1632                 (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
1633             \1''', webpage)]
1634
1635         # lazyYT YouTube embed
1636         entries.extend(list(map(
1637             unescapeHTML,
1638             re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
1639
1640         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
1641         matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
1642             class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
1643             data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
1644         entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
1645
1646         return entries
1647
1648     @staticmethod
1649     def _extract_url(webpage):
1650         urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
1651         return urls[0] if urls else None
1652
1653     @classmethod
1654     def extract_id(cls, url):
1655         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1656         if mobj is None:
1657             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1658         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1659         return video_id
1660
1661     def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, webpage, video_id, duration):
1662         if not webpage:
1663             return
1664         player = self._parse_json(
1665             self._search_regex(
1666                 r'RELATED_PLAYER_ARGS["\']\s*:\s*({.+})\s*,?\s*\n', webpage,
1667                 'player args', default='{}'),
1668             video_id, fatal=False)
1669         if not player or not isinstance(player, dict):
1670             return
1671         watch_next_response = player.get('watch_next_response')
1672         if not isinstance(watch_next_response, compat_str):
1673             return
1674         response = self._parse_json(watch_next_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1675         if not response or not isinstance(response, dict):
1676             return
1677         chapters_list = try_get(
1678             response,
1679             lambda x: x['playerOverlays']
1680                        ['playerOverlayRenderer']
1681                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1682                        ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
1683                        ['playerBar']
1684                        ['chapteredPlayerBarRenderer']
1685                        ['chapters'],
1686             list)
1687         if not chapters_list:
1688             return
1689
1690         def chapter_time(chapter):
1691             return float_or_none(
1692                 try_get(
1693                     chapter,
1694                     lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['timeRangeStartMillis'],
1695                     int),
1696                 scale=1000)
1697         chapters = []
1698         for next_num, chapter in enumerate(chapters_list, start=1):
1699             start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
1700             if start_time is None:
1701                 continue
1702             end_time = (chapter_time(chapters_list[next_num])
1703                         if next_num < len(chapters_list) else duration)
1704             if end_time is None:
1705                 continue
1706             title = try_get(
1707                 chapter, lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['title']['simpleText'],
1708                 compat_str)
1709             chapters.append({
1710                 'start_time': start_time,
1711                 'end_time': end_time,
1712                 'title': title,
1713             })
1714         return chapters
1715
1716     @staticmethod
1717     def _extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration):
1718         if not description:
1719             return None
1720         chapter_lines = re.findall(
1721             r'(?:^|<br\s*/>)([^<]*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']yt\.www\.watch\.player\.seekTo[^>]+>(\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?::\d{1,2})?)</a>[^>]*)(?=$|<br\s*/>)',
1722             description)
1723         if not chapter_lines:
1724             return None
1725         chapters = []
1726         for next_num, (chapter_line, time_point) in enumerate(
1727                 chapter_lines, start=1):
1728             start_time = parse_duration(time_point)
1729             if start_time is None:
1730                 continue
1731             if start_time > duration:
1732                 break
1733             end_time = (duration if next_num == len(chapter_lines)
1734                         else parse_duration(chapter_lines[next_num][1]))
1735             if end_time is None:
1736                 continue
1737             if end_time > duration:
1738                 end_time = duration
1739             if start_time > end_time:
1740                 break
1741             chapter_title = re.sub(
1742                 r'<a[^>]+>[^<]+</a>', '', chapter_line).strip(' \t-')
1743             chapter_title = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', chapter_title)
1744             chapters.append({
1745                 'start_time': start_time,
1746                 'end_time': end_time,
1747                 'title': chapter_title,
1748             })
1749         return chapters
1750
1751     def _extract_chapters(self, webpage, description, video_id, duration):
1752         return (self._extract_chapters_from_json(webpage, video_id, duration)
1753                 or self._extract_chapters_from_description(description, duration))
1754
1755     def _real_extract(self, url):
1756         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1757
1758         proto = (
1759             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1760             else 'https')
1761
1762         start_time = None
1763         end_time = None
1764         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1765         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1766             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1767             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1768                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1769             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1770                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1771             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1772                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1773
1774         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1775         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1776         if mobj:
1777             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1778         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1779
1780         # Get video webpage
1781         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1782         video_webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
1783
1784         qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(urlh.geturl()).query)
1785         video_id = qs.get('v', [None])[0] or video_id
1786
1787         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1788         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1789         if mobj is not None:
1790             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1791         else:
1792             player_url = None
1793
1794         dash_mpds = []
1795
1796         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1797             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1798             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1799                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1800
1801         def add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response):
1802             dash_mpd = url_or_none(try_get(
1803                 pl_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['dashManifestUrl'],
1804                 compat_str))
1805             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd not in dash_mpds:
1806                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd)
1807
1808         is_live = None
1809         view_count = None
1810
1811         def extract_view_count(v_info):
1812             return int_or_none(try_get(v_info, lambda x: x['view_count'][0]))
1813
1814         def extract_player_response(player_response, video_id):
1815             pl_response = str_or_none(player_response)
1816             if not pl_response:
1817                 return
1818             pl_response = self._parse_json(pl_response, video_id, fatal=False)
1819             if isinstance(pl_response, dict):
1820                 add_dash_mpd_pr(pl_response)
1821                 return pl_response
1822
1823         player_response = {}
1824
1825         # Get video info
1826         video_info = {}
1827         embed_webpage = None
1828         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1829             age_gate = True
1830             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1831             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1832             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1833             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1834             data = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({
1835                 'video_id': video_id,
1836                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1837                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1838                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1839             })
1840             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1841             try:
1842                 video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1843                     video_info_url, video_id,
1844                     note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1845                     errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1846             except ExtractorError:
1847                 video_info_webpage = None
1848             if video_info_webpage:
1849                 video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1850                 pl_response = video_info.get('player_response', [None])[0]
1851                 player_response = extract_player_response(pl_response, video_id)
1852                 add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1853                 view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1854         else:
1855             age_gate = False
1856             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1857             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1858             if ytplayer_config:
1859                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1860                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map') or args.get('hlsvp'):
1861                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1862                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1863                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1864                 # Rental video is not rented but preview is available (e.g.
1865                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg,
1866                 # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10532)
1867                 if not video_info and args.get('ypc_vid'):
1868                     return self.url_result(
1869                         args['ypc_vid'], YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=args['ypc_vid'])
1870                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1871                     is_live = True
1872                 if not player_response:
1873                     player_response = extract_player_response(args.get('player_response'), video_id)
1874             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1875                 add_dash_mpd_pr(player_response)
1876
1877         def extract_unavailable_message():
1878             messages = []
1879             for tag, kind in (('h1', 'message'), ('div', 'submessage')):
1880                 msg = self._html_search_regex(
1881                     r'(?s)<{tag}[^>]+id=["\']unavailable-{kind}["\'][^>]*>(.+?)</{tag}>'.format(tag=tag, kind=kind),
1882                     video_webpage, 'unavailable %s' % kind, default=None)
1883                 if msg:
1884                     messages.append(msg)
1885             if messages:
1886                 return '\n'.join(messages)
1887
1888         if not video_info and not player_response:
1889             unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
1890             if not unavailable_message:
1891                 unavailable_message = 'Unable to extract video data'
1892             raise ExtractorError(
1893                 'YouTube said: %s' % unavailable_message, expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1894
1895         if not isinstance(video_info, dict):
1896             video_info = {}
1897
1898         video_details = try_get(
1899             player_response, lambda x: x['videoDetails'], dict) or {}
1900
1901         video_title = video_info.get('title', [None])[0] or video_details.get('title')
1902         if not video_title:
1903             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1904             video_title = '_'
1905
1906         description_original = video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1907         if video_description:
1908
1909             def replace_url(m):
1910                 redir_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, m.group(1))
1911                 parsed_redir_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(redir_url)
1912                 if re.search(r'^(?:www\.)?(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com|youtu\.be)$', parsed_redir_url.netloc) and parsed_redir_url.path == '/redirect':
1913                     qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_redir_url.query)
1914                     q = qs.get('q')
1915                     if q and q[0]:
1916                         return q[0]
1917                 return redir_url
1918
1919             description_original = video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1920                 <a\s+
1921                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1922                     (?:title|href)="([^"]+)"\s+
1923                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]*"\s+)*?
1924                     class="[^"]*"[^>]*>
1925                 [^<]+\.{3}\s*
1926                 </a>
1927             ''', replace_url, video_description)
1928             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1929         else:
1930             video_description = self._html_search_meta('description', video_webpage) or video_details.get('shortDescription')
1931
1932         if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1933             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1934                 multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
1935                     player_response,
1936                     lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
1937                     compat_str) or try_get(
1938                     video_info, lambda x: x['multifeed_metadata_list'][0], compat_str)
1939                 if multifeed_metadata_list:
1940                     entries = []
1941                     feed_ids = []
1942                     for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1943                         # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
1944                         # fields may contain comma as well (see
1945                         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
1946                         feed_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
1947
1948                         def feed_entry(name):
1949                             return try_get(feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
1950
1951                         feed_id = feed_entry('id')
1952                         if not feed_id:
1953                             continue
1954                         feed_title = feed_entry('title')
1955                         title = video_title
1956                         if feed_title:
1957                             title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
1958                         entries.append({
1959                             '_type': 'url_transparent',
1960                             'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1961                             'url': smuggle_url(
1962                                 '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1963                                 {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1964                             'title': title,
1965                         })
1966                         feed_ids.append(feed_id)
1967                     self.to_screen(
1968                         'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1969                         % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1970                     return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1971             else:
1972                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1973
1974         if view_count is None:
1975             view_count = extract_view_count(video_info)
1976         if view_count is None and video_details:
1977             view_count = int_or_none(video_details.get('viewCount'))
1978
1979         if is_live is None:
1980             is_live = bool_or_none(video_details.get('isLive'))
1981
1982         # Check for "rental" videos
1983         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1984             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported. See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/359 for more information.', expected=True)
1985
1986         def _extract_filesize(media_url):
1987             return int_or_none(self._search_regex(
1988                 r'\bclen[=/](\d+)', media_url, 'filesize', default=None))
1989
1990         streaming_formats = try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['formats'], list) or []
1991         streaming_formats.extend(try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['adaptiveFormats'], list) or [])
1992
1993         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1994             self.report_rtmp_download()
1995             formats = [{
1996                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1997                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1998                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1999                 'player_url': player_url,
2000             }]
2001         elif not is_live and (streaming_formats or len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1):
2002             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
2003             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
2004                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
2005             formats = []
2006             formats_spec = {}
2007             fmt_list = video_info.get('fmt_list', [''])[0]
2008             if fmt_list:
2009                 for fmt in fmt_list.split(','):
2010                     spec = fmt.split('/')
2011                     if len(spec) > 1:
2012                         width_height = spec[1].split('x')
2013                         if len(width_height) == 2:
2014                             formats_spec[spec[0]] = {
2015                                 'resolution': spec[1],
2016                                 'width': int_or_none(width_height[0]),
2017                                 'height': int_or_none(width_height[1]),
2018                             }
2019             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2020                 itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
2021                 if not itag:
2022                     continue
2023                 quality = fmt.get('quality')
2024                 quality_label = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality
2025                 formats_spec[itag] = {
2026                     'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
2027                     'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
2028                     'format_note': quality_label,
2029                     'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
2030                     'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
2031                     # bitrate for itag 43 is always 2147483647
2032                     'tbr': float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000) if itag != '43' else None,
2033                     'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
2034                 }
2035
2036             for fmt in streaming_formats:
2037                 if fmt.get('drmFamilies') or fmt.get('drm_families'):
2038                     continue
2039                 url = url_or_none(fmt.get('url'))
2040
2041                 if not url:
2042                     cipher = fmt.get('cipher') or fmt.get('signatureCipher')
2043                     if not cipher:
2044                         continue
2045                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(cipher)
2046                     url = url_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['url'][0], compat_str))
2047                     if not url:
2048                         continue
2049                 else:
2050                     cipher = None
2051                     url_data = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
2052
2053                 stream_type = int_or_none(try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['stream_type'][0]))
2054                 # Unsupported FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF
2055                 if stream_type == 3:
2056                     continue
2057
2058                 format_id = fmt.get('itag') or url_data['itag'][0]
2059                 if not format_id:
2060                     continue
2061                 format_id = compat_str(format_id)
2062
2063                 if cipher:
2064                     if 's' in url_data or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2065                         ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
2066                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2067                             ASSETS_RE,
2068                             embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
2069                             'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
2070                         if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
2071                             # We need the embed website after all
2072                             if embed_webpage is None:
2073                                 embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
2074                                 embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
2075                                     embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
2076                             jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
2077                                 ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
2078
2079                         player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
2080                         if player_url is None:
2081                             player_url_json = self._search_regex(
2082                                 r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
2083                                 video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
2084                             player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
2085
2086                     if 'sig' in url_data:
2087                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
2088                     elif 's' in url_data:
2089                         encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
2090
2091                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
2092                             if player_url is None:
2093                                 player_desc = 'unknown'
2094                             else:
2095                                 player_type, player_version = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
2096                                 player_desc = '%s player %s' % ('flash' if player_type == 'swf' else 'html5', player_version)
2097                             parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
2098                             self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
2099                                            (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
2100
2101                         signature = self._decrypt_signature(
2102                             encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2103                         sp = try_get(url_data, lambda x: x['sp'][0], compat_str) or 'signature'
2104                         url += '&%s=%s' % (sp, signature)
2105                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
2106                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
2107
2108                 dct = {
2109                     'format_id': format_id,
2110                     'url': url,
2111                     'player_url': player_url,
2112                 }
2113                 if format_id in self._formats:
2114                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
2115                 if format_id in formats_spec:
2116                     dct.update(formats_spec[format_id])
2117
2118                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
2119                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
2120                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
2121                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
2122                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
2123
2124                 if width is None:
2125                     width = int_or_none(fmt.get('width'))
2126                 if height is None:
2127                     height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
2128
2129                 filesize = int_or_none(url_data.get(
2130                     'clen', [None])[0]) or _extract_filesize(url)
2131
2132                 quality = url_data.get('quality', [None])[0] or fmt.get('quality')
2133                 quality_label = url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or fmt.get('qualityLabel')
2134
2135                 tbr = (float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000)
2136                        or float_or_none(fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)) if format_id != '43' else None
2137                 fps = int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]) or int_or_none(fmt.get('fps'))
2138
2139                 more_fields = {
2140                     'filesize': filesize,
2141                     'tbr': tbr,
2142                     'width': width,
2143                     'height': height,
2144                     'fps': fps,
2145                     'format_note': quality_label or quality,
2146                 }
2147                 for key, value in more_fields.items():
2148                     if value:
2149                         dct[key] = value
2150                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0] or fmt.get('mimeType')
2151                 if type_:
2152                     type_split = type_.split(';')
2153                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
2154                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
2155                         kind, _ = kind_ext
2156                         dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(type_split[0])
2157                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
2158                             codecs = None
2159                             for mobj in re.finditer(
2160                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
2161                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
2162                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
2163                                     break
2164                             if codecs:
2165                                 dct.update(parse_codecs(codecs))
2166                 if dct.get('acodec') == 'none' or dct.get('vcodec') == 'none':
2167                     dct['downloader_options'] = {
2168                         # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
2169                         'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
2170                     }
2171                 formats.append(dct)
2172         else:
2173             manifest_url = (
2174                 url_or_none(try_get(
2175                     player_response,
2176                     lambda x: x['streamingData']['hlsManifestUrl'],
2177                     compat_str))
2178                 or url_or_none(try_get(
2179                     video_info, lambda x: x['hlsvp'][0], compat_str)))
2180             if manifest_url:
2181                 formats = []
2182                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
2183                     manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
2184                 for a_format in m3u8_formats:
2185                     itag = self._search_regex(
2186                         r'/itag/(\d+)/', a_format['url'], 'itag', default=None)
2187                     if itag:
2188                         a_format['format_id'] = itag
2189                         if itag in self._formats:
2190                             dct = self._formats[itag].copy()
2191                             dct.update(a_format)
2192                             a_format = dct
2193                     a_format['player_url'] = player_url
2194                     # Accept-Encoding header causes failures in live streams on Youtube and Youtube Gaming
2195                     a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = 'True'
2196                     formats.append(a_format)
2197             else:
2198                 error_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2199                 if not error_message:
2200                     error_message = clean_html(try_get(
2201                         player_response, lambda x: x['playabilityStatus']['reason'],
2202                         compat_str))
2203                 if not error_message:
2204                     error_message = clean_html(
2205                         try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['reason'][0], compat_str))
2206                 if error_message:
2207                     raise ExtractorError(error_message, expected=True)
2208                 raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp, hlsManifestUrl or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
2209
2210         # uploader
2211         video_uploader = try_get(
2212             video_info, lambda x: x['author'][0],
2213             compat_str) or str_or_none(video_details.get('author'))
2214         if video_uploader:
2215             video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_uploader)
2216         else:
2217             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader name')
2218
2219         # uploader_id
2220         video_uploader_id = None
2221         video_uploader_url = None
2222         mobj = re.search(
2223             r'<link itemprop="url" href="(?P<uploader_url>https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>[^"]+))">',
2224             video_webpage)
2225         if mobj is not None:
2226             video_uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2227             video_uploader_url = mobj.group('uploader_url')
2228         else:
2229             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
2230
2231         channel_id = (
2232             str_or_none(video_details.get('channelId'))
2233             or self._html_search_meta(
2234                 'channelId', video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None)
2235             or self._search_regex(
2236                 r'data-channel-external-id=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
2237                 video_webpage, 'channel id', default=None, group='id'))
2238         channel_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id if channel_id else None
2239
2240         # thumbnail image
2241         # We try first to get a high quality image:
2242         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
2243                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
2244         if m_thumb is not None:
2245             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
2246         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
2247             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
2248             video_thumbnail = None
2249         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
2250             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
2251
2252         # upload date
2253         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
2254             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2255         if not upload_date:
2256             upload_date = self._search_regex(
2257                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
2258                  r'(?:id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?|["\']simpleText["\']\s*:\s*["\'])(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)[<"\']'],
2259                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
2260         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
2261
2262         video_license = self._html_search_regex(
2263             r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*License\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li',
2264             video_webpage, 'license', default=None)
2265
2266         m_music = re.search(
2267             r'''(?x)
2268                 <h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*Music\s*</h4>\s*
2269                 <ul[^>]*>\s*
2270                 <li>(?P<title>.+?)
2271                 by (?P<creator>.+?)
2272                 (?:
2273                     \(.+?\)|
2274                     <a[^>]*
2275                         (?:
2276                             \bhref=["\']/red[^>]*>|             # drop possible
2277                             >\s*Listen ad-free with YouTube Red # YouTube Red ad
2278                         )
2279                     .*?
2280                 )?</li
2281             ''',
2282             video_webpage)
2283         if m_music:
2284             video_alt_title = remove_quotes(unescapeHTML(m_music.group('title')))
2285             video_creator = clean_html(m_music.group('creator'))
2286         else:
2287             video_alt_title = video_creator = None
2288
2289         def extract_meta(field):
2290             return self._html_search_regex(
2291                 r'<h4[^>]+class="title"[^>]*>\s*%s\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>\s*<li>(.+?)</li>\s*' % field,
2292                 video_webpage, field, default=None)
2293
2294         track = extract_meta('Song')
2295         artist = extract_meta('Artist')
2296         album = extract_meta('Album')
2297
2298         # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
2299         release_date = release_year = None
2300         if video_description:
2301             mobj = re.search(r'(?s)Provided to YouTube by [^\n]+\n+(?P<track>[^·]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?', video_description)
2302             if mobj:
2303                 if not track:
2304                     track = mobj.group('track').strip()
2305                 if not artist:
2306                     artist = mobj.group('clean_artist') or ', '.join(a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·'))
2307                 if not album:
2308                     album = mobj.group('album'.strip())
2309                 release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
2310                 release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
2311                 if release_date:
2312                     release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
2313                     if not release_year:
2314                         release_year = int(release_date[:4])
2315                 if release_year:
2316                     release_year = int(release_year)
2317
2318         m_episode = re.search(
2319             r'<div[^>]+id="watch7-headline"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]*>.*?>(?P<series>[^<]+)</a></b>\s*S(?P<season>\d+)\s*•\s*E(?P<episode>\d+)</span>',
2320             video_webpage)
2321         if m_episode:
2322             series = unescapeHTML(m_episode.group('series'))
2323             season_number = int(m_episode.group('season'))
2324             episode_number = int(m_episode.group('episode'))
2325         else:
2326             series = season_number = episode_number = None
2327
2328         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
2329             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
2330             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
2331         if m_cat_container:
2332             category = self._html_search_regex(
2333                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
2334                 default=None)
2335             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
2336         else:
2337             video_categories = None
2338
2339         video_tags = [
2340             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
2341             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
2342
2343         def _extract_count(count_name):
2344             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2345                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
2346                 % re.escape(count_name),
2347                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
2348
2349         like_count = _extract_count('like')
2350         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
2351
2352         if view_count is None:
2353             view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
2354                 r'<[^>]+class=["\']watch-view-count[^>]+>\s*([\d,\s]+)', video_webpage,
2355                 'view count', default=None))
2356
2357         average_rating = (
2358             float_or_none(video_details.get('averageRating'))
2359             or try_get(video_info, lambda x: float_or_none(x['avg_rating'][0])))
2360
2361         # subtitles
2362         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
2363         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
2364
2365         video_duration = try_get(
2366             video_info, lambda x: int_or_none(x['length_seconds'][0]))
2367         if not video_duration:
2368             video_duration = int_or_none(video_details.get('lengthSeconds'))
2369         if not video_duration:
2370             video_duration = parse_duration(self._html_search_meta(
2371                 'duration', video_webpage, 'video duration'))
2372
2373         # annotations
2374         video_annotations = None
2375         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
2376             xsrf_token = self._search_regex(
2377                 r'([\'"])XSRF_TOKEN\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_token>[A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)\2',
2378                 video_webpage, 'xsrf token', group='xsrf_token', fatal=False)
2379             invideo_url = try_get(
2380                 player_response, lambda x: x['annotations'][0]['playerAnnotationsUrlsRenderer']['invideoUrl'], compat_str)
2381             if xsrf_token and invideo_url:
2382                 xsrf_field_name = self._search_regex(
2383                     r'([\'"])XSRF_FIELD_NAME\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_field_name>\w+)\2',
2384                     video_webpage, 'xsrf field name',
2385                     group='xsrf_field_name', default='session_token')
2386                 video_annotations = self._download_webpage(
2387                     self._proto_relative_url(invideo_url),
2388                     video_id, note='Downloading annotations',
2389                     errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
2390                     data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))
2391
2392         chapters = self._extract_chapters(video_webpage, description_original, video_id, video_duration)
2393
2394         # Look for the DASH manifest
2395         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
2396             dash_mpd_fatal = True
2397             for mpd_url in dash_mpds:
2398                 dash_formats = {}
2399                 try:
2400                     def decrypt_sig(mobj):
2401                         s = mobj.group(1)
2402                         dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
2403                         return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
2404
2405                     mpd_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, mpd_url)
2406
2407                     for df in self._extract_mpd_formats(
2408                             mpd_url, video_id, fatal=dash_mpd_fatal,
2409                             formats_dict=self._formats):
2410                         if not df.get('filesize'):
2411                             df['filesize'] = _extract_filesize(df['url'])
2412                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
2413                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
2414                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
2415                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
2416                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
2417                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
2418                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
2419                         # can be fixed at all.
2420                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
2421                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
2422                     self.report_warning(
2423                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
2424                 if dash_formats:
2425                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
2426                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
2427                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
2428                     # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
2429                     # example.
2430                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
2431                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
2432
2433         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
2434         stretched_m = re.search(
2435             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
2436             video_webpage)
2437         if stretched_m:
2438             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
2439             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
2440             # yt:stretch may hold invalid ratio data (e.g. for Q39EVAstoRM ratio is 17:0).
2441             # We will only process correct ratios.
2442             if w > 0 and h > 0:
2443                 ratio = w / h
2444                 for f in formats:
2445                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
2446                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
2447
2448         if not formats:
2449             if 'reason' in video_info:
2450                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
2451                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta(
2452                         'regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
2453                     countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
2454                     self.raise_geo_restricted(
2455                         msg=video_info['reason'][0], countries=countries)
2456                 reason = video_info['reason'][0]
2457                 if 'Invalid parameters' in reason:
2458                     unavailable_message = extract_unavailable_message()
2459                     if unavailable_message:
2460                         reason = unavailable_message
2461                 raise ExtractorError(
2462                     'YouTube said: %s' % reason,
2463                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
2464             if video_info.get('license_info') or try_get(player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData']['licenseInfos']):
2465                 raise ExtractorError('This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
2466
2467         self._sort_formats(formats)
2468
2469         self.mark_watched(video_id, video_info, player_response)
2470
2471         return {
2472             'id': video_id,
2473             'uploader': video_uploader,
2474             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
2475             'uploader_url': video_uploader_url,
2476             'channel_id': channel_id,
2477             'channel_url': channel_url,
2478             'upload_date': upload_date,
2479             'license': video_license,
2480             'creator': video_creator or artist,
2481             'title': video_title,
2482             'alt_title': video_alt_title or track,
2483             'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
2484             'description': video_description,
2485             'categories': video_categories,
2486             'tags': video_tags,
2487             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
2488             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
2489             'duration': video_duration,
2490             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
2491             'annotations': video_annotations,
2492             'chapters': chapters,
2493             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
2494             'view_count': view_count,
2495             'like_count': like_count,
2496             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
2497             'average_rating': average_rating,
2498             'formats': formats,
2499             'is_live': is_live,
2500             'start_time': start_time,
2501             'end_time': end_time,
2502             'series': series,
2503             'season_number': season_number,
2504             'episode_number': episode_number,
2505             'track': track,
2506             'artist': artist,
2507             'album': album,
2508             'release_date': release_date,
2509             'release_year': release_year,
2510         }
2511
2512
2513 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2514     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
2515     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
2516                         (?:https?://)?
2517                         (?:\w+\.)?
2518                         (?:
2519                             (?:
2520                                 youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
2521                                 invidio\.us
2522                             )
2523                             /
2524                             (?:
2525                                (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/(?:videoseries|[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}))
2526                                \? (?:.*?[&;])*? (?:p|a|list)=
2527                             |  p/
2528                             )|
2529                             youtu\.be/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}\?.*?\blist=
2530                         )
2531                         (
2532                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
2533                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
2534                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
2535                         )
2536                         .*
2537                      |
2538                         (%(playlist_id)s)
2539                      )""" % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
2540     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
2541     _VIDEO_RE_TPL = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=%s(?:&amp;(?:[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+))?(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?)?'
2542     _VIDEO_RE = _VIDEO_RE_TPL % r'(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})'
2543     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
2544     _TESTS = [{
2545         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2546         'info_dict': {
2547             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2548             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2549             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
2550             'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
2551         },
2552         'playlist_count': 1,
2553     }, {
2554         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2555         'info_dict': {
2556             'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
2557             'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
2558             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
2559             'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
2560         },
2561         'playlist_count': 0,
2562     }, {
2563         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
2564         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2565         'info_dict': {
2566             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
2567             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
2568             'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
2569             'uploader_id': 'ChRiStIaAn008',
2570         },
2571         'playlist_count': 96,
2572     }, {
2573         'note': 'issue #673',
2574         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2575         'info_dict': {
2576             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
2577             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
2578             'uploader': 'Wickydoo',
2579             'uploader_id': 'Wickydoo',
2580         },
2581         'playlist_mincount': 26,
2582     }, {
2583         'note': 'Large playlist',
2584         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2585         'info_dict': {
2586             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
2587             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
2588             'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
2589             'uploader_id': 'Cauchemar89',
2590         },
2591         'playlist_mincount': 799,
2592     }, {
2593         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2594         'info_dict': {
2595             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
2596             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
2597         },
2598         'playlist_count': 2,
2599         'skip': 'This playlist is private',
2600     }, {
2601         'note': 'embedded',
2602         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2603         'playlist_count': 4,
2604         'info_dict': {
2605             'title': 'JODA15',
2606             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
2607             'uploader': 'milan',
2608             'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
2609         }
2610     }, {
2611         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2612         'playlist_mincount': 485,
2613         'info_dict': {
2614             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
2615             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
2616             'uploader': 'LBK',
2617             'uploader_id': 'sdragonfang',
2618         }
2619     }, {
2620         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
2621         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
2622         'playlist_count': 4,
2623         'info_dict': {
2624             'title': 'JODA7',
2625             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
2626         },
2627         'skip': 'This playlist does not exist',
2628     }, {
2629         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
2630         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2631         'info_dict': {
2632             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
2633             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
2634             'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
2635             'uploader_id': 'InterstellarMovie1',
2636         },
2637         'playlist_mincount': 21,
2638     }, {
2639         # Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist
2640         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
2641         'info_dict': {
2642             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
2643             'ext': 'webm',
2644             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
2645             'uploader': 'STREEM',
2646             'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2647             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
2648             'upload_date': '20150526',
2649             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
2650             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
2651             'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
2652             'tags': list,
2653             'view_count': int,
2654             'like_count': int,
2655             'dislike_count': int,
2656         },
2657         'params': {
2658             'skip_download': True,
2659         },
2660         'skip': 'This video is not available.',
2661         'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
2662     }, {
2663         'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
2664         'info_dict': {
2665             'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
2666             'ext': 'mp4',
2667             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
2668             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
2669             'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
2670             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
2671             'upload_date': '20161008',
2672             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
2673             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
2674             'tags': list,
2675             'like_count': int,
2676             'dislike_count': int,
2677         },
2678         'params': {
2679             'noplaylist': True,
2680             'skip_download': True,
2681         },
2682     }, {
2683         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844
2684         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2685         'info_dict': {
2686             'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
2687             'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
2688             'uploader_id': 'Computerphile',
2689             'uploader': 'Computerphile',
2690         },
2691         'playlist_mincount': 11,
2692     }, {
2693         'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
2694         'only_matching': True,
2695     }, {
2696         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
2697         'only_matching': True,
2698     }, {
2699         # music album playlist
2700         'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
2701         'only_matching': True,
2702     }, {
2703         'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PLDIoUOhQQPlXr63I_vwF9GD8sAKh77dWU',
2704         'only_matching': True,
2705     }, {
2706         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
2707         'only_matching': True,
2708     }]
2709
2710     def _real_initialize(self):
2711         self._login()
2712
2713     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
2714         ids_in_page = []
2715         titles_in_page = []
2716
2717         for item in re.findall(
2718                 r'(<[^>]*\bdata-video-id\s*=\s*["\'][0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}[^>]+>)', page):
2719             attrs = extract_attributes(item)
2720             video_id = attrs['data-video-id']
2721             video_title = unescapeHTML(attrs.get('data-title'))
2722             if video_title:
2723                 video_title = video_title.strip()
2724             ids_in_page.append(video_id)
2725             titles_in_page.append(video_title)
2726
2727         # Fallback with old _VIDEO_RE
2728         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2729             self._VIDEO_RE, page, ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2730
2731         # Relaxed fallbacks
2732         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2733             r'href="\s*/watch\?v\s*=\s*(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2734             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2735         self.extract_videos_from_page_impl(
2736             r'data-video-ids\s*=\s*["\'](?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', page,
2737             ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2738
2739         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
2740
2741     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
2742         # The mixes are generated from a single video
2743         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
2744         ids = []
2745         last_id = playlist_id[-11:]
2746         for n in itertools.count(1):
2747             url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (last_id, playlist_id)
2748             webpage = self._download_webpage(
2749                 url, playlist_id, 'Downloading page {0} of Youtube mix'.format(n))
2750             new_ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
2751                 r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
2752                            href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
2753                 webpage))
2754             # Fetch new pages until all the videos are repeated, it seems that
2755             # there are always 51 unique videos.
2756             new_ids = [_id for _id in new_ids if _id not in ids]
2757             if not new_ids:
2758                 break
2759             ids.extend(new_ids)
2760             last_id = ids[-1]
2761
2762         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
2763
2764         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
2765         title_span = (
2766             search_title('playlist-title')
2767             or search_title('title long-title')
2768             or search_title('title'))
2769         title = clean_html(title_span)
2770
2771         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
2772
2773     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
2774         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
2775         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
2776
2777         # the yt-alert-message now has tabindex attribute (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11604)
2778         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>', page):
2779             match = match.strip()
2780             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
2781             mobj = re.match(r'[^<]*(?:The|This) playlist (?P<reason>does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match)
2782             if mobj:
2783                 reason = mobj.group('reason')
2784                 message = 'This playlist %s' % reason
2785                 if 'private' in reason:
2786                     message += ', use --username or --netrc to access it'
2787                 message += '.'
2788                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
2789             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
2790                 raise ExtractorError(
2791                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
2792                     expected=True)
2793             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
2794                 continue
2795             else:
2796                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
2797
2798         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
2799             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
2800             page, 'title', default=None)
2801
2802         _UPLOADER_BASE = r'class=["\']pl-header-details[^>]+>\s*<li>\s*<a[^>]+\bhref='
2803         uploader = self._html_search_regex(
2804             r'%s["\']/(?:user|channel)/[^>]+>([^<]+)' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2805             page, 'uploader', default=None)
2806         mobj = re.search(
2807             r'%s(["\'])(?P<path>/(?:user|channel)/(?P<uploader_id>.+?))\1' % _UPLOADER_BASE,
2808             page)
2809         if mobj:
2810             uploader_id = mobj.group('uploader_id')
2811             uploader_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('path'))
2812         else:
2813             uploader_id = uploader_url = None
2814
2815         has_videos = True
2816
2817         if not playlist_title:
2818             try:
2819                 # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (e.g.
2820                 # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4)
2821                 next(self._entries(page, playlist_id))
2822             except StopIteration:
2823                 has_videos = False
2824
2825         playlist = self.playlist_result(
2826             self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
2827         playlist.update({
2828             'uploader': uploader,
2829             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
2830             'uploader_url': uploader_url,
2831         })
2832
2833         return has_videos, playlist
2834
2835     def _check_download_just_video(self, url, playlist_id):
2836         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
2837         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
2838         video_id = query_dict.get('v', [None])[0] or self._search_regex(
2839             r'(?:(?:^|//)youtu\.be/|youtube\.com/embed/(?!videoseries))([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', url,
2840             'video id', default=None)
2841         if video_id:
2842             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
2843                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
2844                 return video_id, self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2845             else:
2846                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
2847                 return video_id, None
2848         return None, None
2849
2850     def _real_extract(self, url):
2851         # Extract playlist id
2852         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
2853         if mobj is None:
2854             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
2855         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
2856
2857         video_id, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, playlist_id)
2858         if video:
2859             return video
2860
2861         if playlist_id.startswith(('RD', 'UL', 'PU')):
2862             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
2863             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
2864
2865         has_videos, playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
2866         if has_videos or not video_id:
2867             return playlist
2868
2869         # Some playlist URLs don't actually serve a playlist (see
2870         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10537).
2871         # Fallback to plain video extraction if there is a video id
2872         # along with playlist id.
2873         return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
2874
2875
2876 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
2877     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
2878     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|(?:www\.)?invidio\.us)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
2879     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
2880     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
2881     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
2882     _TESTS = [{
2883         'note': 'paginated channel',
2884         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2885         'playlist_mincount': 91,
2886         'info_dict': {
2887             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2888             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
2889             'uploader': 'lex will',
2890             'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
2891         }
2892     }, {
2893         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
2894         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
2895         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2896         'playlist_mincount': 64,
2897         'info_dict': {
2898             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
2899             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
2900             'uploader': 'Deus Ex',
2901             'uploader_id': 'DeusExOfficial',
2902         },
2903     }, {
2904         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UC23qupoDRn9YOAVzeoxjOQA',
2905         'only_matching': True,
2906     }, {
2907         'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCyu8StPfZWapR6rfW_JgqcA',
2908         'only_matching': True,
2909     }]
2910
2911     @classmethod
2912     def suitable(cls, url):
2913         return (False if YoutubePlaylistsIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeLiveIE.suitable(url)
2914                 else super(YoutubeChannelIE, cls).suitable(url))
2915
2916     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
2917         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
2918
2919     def _real_extract(self, url):
2920         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
2921
2922         url = self._build_template_url(url, channel_id)
2923
2924         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
2925         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
2926         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
2927         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
2928             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
2929             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
2930         if channel_page is False:
2931             channel_playlist_id = False
2932         else:
2933             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
2934                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
2935             if not channel_playlist_id:
2936                 channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
2937                     ('al:ios:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad'),
2938                     channel_page, 'channel url', default=None)
2939                 if channel_url:
2940                     channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
2941                         r'vnd\.youtube://user/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)',
2942                         channel_url, 'channel id', default=None)
2943         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
2944             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
2945             return self.url_result(
2946                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
2947
2948         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
2949         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
2950                 class="[^"]*?(?:
2951                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
2952                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
2953                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
2954
2955         if autogenerated:
2956             # The videos are contained in a single page
2957             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
2958             entries = [
2959                 self.url_result(
2960                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
2961                     video_title=video_title)
2962                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
2963             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
2964
2965         try:
2966             next(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id))
2967         except StopIteration:
2968             alert_message = self._html_search_regex(
2969                 r'(?s)<div[^>]+class=(["\']).*?\byt-alert-message\b.*?\1[^>]*>(?P<alert>[^<]+)</div>',
2970                 channel_page, 'alert', default=None, group='alert')
2971             if alert_message:
2972                 raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message, expected=True)
2973
2974         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
2975
2976
2977 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
2978     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
2979     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?P<user>user|c)/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results|shared)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
2980     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/%s/%s/videos'
2981     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
2982
2983     _TESTS = [{
2984         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
2985         'playlist_mincount': 320,
2986         'info_dict': {
2987             'id': 'UUfX55Sx5hEFjoC3cNs6mCUQ',
2988             'title': 'Uploads from The Linux Foundation',
2989             'uploader': 'The Linux Foundation',
2990             'uploader_id': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
2991         }
2992     }, {
2993         # Only available via https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos
2994         # but not https://www.youtube.com/user/12minuteathlete/videos
2995         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/12minuteathlete/videos',
2996         'playlist_mincount': 249,
2997         'info_dict': {
2998             'id': 'UUVjM-zV6_opMDx7WYxnjZiQ',
2999             'title': 'Uploads from 12 Minute Athlete',
3000             'uploader': '12 Minute Athlete',
3001             'uploader_id': 'the12minuteathlete',
3002         }
3003     }, {
3004         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
3005         'only_matching': True,
3006     }, {
3007         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/gametrailers',
3008         'only_matching': True,
3009     }, {
3010         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/gametrailers',
3011         'only_matching': True,
3012     }, {
3013         # This channel is not available, geo restricted to JP
3014         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/kananishinoSMEJ/videos',
3015         'only_matching': True,
3016     }]
3017
3018     @classmethod
3019     def suitable(cls, url):
3020         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
3021         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
3022         other_yt_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.startswith('Youtube') and name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
3023         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_yt_ies):
3024             return False
3025         else:
3026             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
3027
3028     def _build_template_url(self, url, channel_id):
3029         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3030         return self._TEMPLATE_URL % (mobj.group('user') or 'user', mobj.group('id'))
3031
3032
3033 class YoutubeLiveIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3034     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com live streams'
3035     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:user|channel|c)/)?(?P<id>[^/]+))/live'
3036     IE_NAME = 'youtube:live'
3037
3038     _TESTS = [{
3039         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
3040         'info_dict': {
3041             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
3042             'ext': 'mp4',
3043             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
3044             'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
3045             'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
3046             'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
3047             'upload_date': '20150715',
3048             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
3049             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
3050             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
3051             'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
3052             'like_count': int,
3053             'dislike_count': int,
3054         },
3055         'params': {
3056             'skip_download': True,
3057         },
3058     }, {
3059         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
3060         'only_matching': True,
3061     }, {
3062         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
3063         'only_matching': True,
3064     }, {
3065         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
3066         'only_matching': True,
3067     }]
3068
3069     def _real_extract(self, url):
3070         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3071         channel_id = mobj.group('id')
3072         base_url = mobj.group('base_url')
3073         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, fatal=False)
3074         if webpage:
3075             page_type = self._og_search_property(
3076                 'type', webpage, 'page type', default='')
3077             video_id = self._html_search_meta(
3078                 'videoId', webpage, 'video id', default=None)
3079             if page_type.startswith('video') and video_id and re.match(
3080                     r'^[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}$', video_id):
3081                 return self.url_result(video_id, YoutubeIE.ie_key())
3082         return self.url_result(base_url)
3083
3084
3085 class YoutubePlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3086     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user/channel playlists'
3087     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user|channel)/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
3088     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlists'
3089
3090     _TESTS = [{
3091         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
3092         'playlist_mincount': 4,
3093         'info_dict': {
3094             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
3095             'title': 'ThirstForScience',
3096         },
3097     }, {
3098         # with "Load more" button
3099         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
3100         'playlist_mincount': 70,
3101         'info_dict': {
3102             'id': 'igorkle1',
3103             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
3104         },
3105     }, {
3106         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw/playlists',
3107         'playlist_mincount': 17,
3108         'info_dict': {
3109             'id': 'UCiU1dHvZObB2iP6xkJ__Icw',
3110             'title': 'Chem Player',
3111         },
3112         'skip': 'Blocked',
3113     }]
3114
3115
3116 class YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
3117     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})(?:[^"]*"[^>]+\btitle="(?P<title>[^"]+))?'
3118
3119
3120 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3121     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
3122     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
3123     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
3124     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
3125     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
3126     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
3127     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
3128     _TESTS = []
3129
3130     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
3131         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
3132
3133         videos = []
3134         limit = n
3135
3136         url_query = {
3137             'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
3138         }
3139         url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
3140         result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(url_query)
3141
3142         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
3143             data = self._download_json(
3144                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
3145                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
3146                 errnote='Unable to download API page',
3147                 query={'spf': 'navigate'})
3148             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
3149
3150             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
3151                 raise ExtractorError(
3152                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
3153
3154             new_videos = list(self._process_page(html_content))
3155             videos += new_videos
3156             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
3157                 break
3158             next_link = self._html_search_regex(
3159                 r'href="(/results\?[^"]*\bsp=[^"]+)"[^>]*>\s*<span[^>]+class="[^"]*\byt-uix-button-content\b[^"]*"[^>]*>Next',
3160                 html_content, 'next link', default=None)
3161             if next_link is None:
3162                 break
3163             result_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', next_link)
3164
3165         if len(videos) > n:
3166             videos = videos[:n]
3167         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
3168
3169
3170 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
3171     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
3172     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
3173     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
3174     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
3175
3176
3177 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchBaseInfoExtractor):
3178     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
3179     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
3180     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
3181     _TESTS = [{
3182         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
3183         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3184         'info_dict': {
3185             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
3186         }
3187     }, {
3188         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
3189         'only_matching': True,
3190     }]
3191
3192     def _real_extract(self, url):
3193         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
3194         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
3195         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
3196         return self.playlist_result(self._process_page(webpage), playlist_title=query)
3197
3198
3199 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
3200     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
3201     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
3202     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
3203     _TESTS = [{
3204         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
3205         'playlist_mincount': 5,
3206         'info_dict': {
3207             'id': 'airdisasters',
3208             'title': 'Air Disasters',
3209         }
3210     }]
3211
3212     def _real_extract(self, url):
3213         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
3214         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
3215             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
3216
3217
3218 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3219     """
3220     Base class for feed extractors
3221     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
3222     """
3223     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3224
3225     @property
3226     def IE_NAME(self):
3227         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
3228
3229     def _real_initialize(self):
3230         self._login()
3231
3232     def _entries(self, page):
3233         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
3234         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
3235         ids = []
3236         more_widget_html = content_html = page
3237         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
3238             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
3239
3240             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
3241             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
3242             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
3243             new_ids = list(filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches)))
3244             if not new_ids:
3245                 break
3246
3247             ids.extend(new_ids)
3248
3249             for entry in self._ids_to_results(new_ids):
3250                 yield entry
3251
3252             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
3253             if not mobj:
3254                 break
3255
3256             more = self._download_json(
3257                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
3258                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
3259                 transform_source=uppercase_escape,
3260                 headers=self._YOUTUBE_CLIENT_HEADERS)
3261             content_html = more['content_html']
3262             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
3263
3264     def _real_extract(self, url):
3265         page = self._download_webpage(
3266             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
3267             self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3268         return self.playlist_result(
3269             self._entries(page), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
3270
3271
3272 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
3273     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
3274     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
3275     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|(?:playlist|watch)\?(?:.+&)?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
3276
3277     _TESTS = [{
3278         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL',
3279         'only_matching': True,
3280     }, {
3281         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCNU9TrbiRk&index=1&list=WL',
3282         'only_matching': True,
3283     }]
3284
3285     def _real_extract(self, url):
3286         _, video = self._check_download_just_video(url, 'WL')
3287         if video:
3288             return video
3289         _, playlist = self._extract_playlist('WL')
3290         return playlist
3291
3292
3293 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
3294     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
3295     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
3296     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
3297     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
3298
3299     def _real_extract(self, url):
3300         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
3301         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
3302         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
3303
3304
3305 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3306     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
3307     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
3308     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
3309     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
3310
3311
3312 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3313     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
3314     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
3315     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
3316     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
3317
3318
3319 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
3320     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
3321     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
3322     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
3323     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
3324
3325
3326 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
3327     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
3328     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3329     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
3330         (?:https?://)?
3331         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
3332         (?:watch\?(?:
3333             feature=[a-z_]+|
3334             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
3335             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
3336             hl=[^&]*|
3337             t=[0-9]+
3338         )?
3339         |
3340             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
3341         )
3342         $
3343     '''
3344
3345     _TESTS = [{
3346         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
3347         'only_matching': True,
3348     }, {
3349         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
3350         'only_matching': True,
3351     }, {
3352         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
3353         'only_matching': True,
3354     }, {
3355         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
3356         'only_matching': True,
3357     }, {
3358         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
3359         'only_matching': True,
3360     }, {
3361         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
3362         'only_matching': True,
3363     }]
3364
3365     def _real_extract(self, url):
3366         raise ExtractorError(
3367             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
3368             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
3369             'like  youtube-dl '
3370             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
3371             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
3372             expected=True)
3373
3374
3375 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
3376     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
3377     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
3378     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
3379
3380     _TESTS = [{
3381         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
3382         'only_matching': True,
3383     }]
3384
3385     def _real_extract(self, url):
3386         video_id = self._match_id(url)
3387         raise ExtractorError(
3388             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
3389             expected=True)