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[youtube-dl] / youtube_dl / YoutubeDL.py
index 6afc1b73070cd410992733a59c0cd8bc9b9bff0e..99825e343e1f731c0d3534c7a65fe6dfd6964b8c 100755 (executable)
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# coding: utf-8
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
 
 import collections
 import contextlib
+import copy
 import datetime
 import errno
 import fileinput
@@ -24,9 +25,6 @@ import time
 import tokenize
 import traceback
 
-if os.name == 'nt':
-    import ctypes
-
 from .compat import (
     compat_basestring,
     compat_cookiejar,
@@ -34,6 +32,7 @@ from .compat import (
     compat_get_terminal_size,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_kwargs,
+    compat_os_name,
     compat_str,
     compat_tokenize_tokenize,
     compat_urllib_error,
@@ -41,11 +40,14 @@ from .compat import (
     compat_urllib_request_DataHandler,
 )
 from .utils import (
+    age_restricted,
+    args_to_str,
     ContentTooShortError,
     date_from_str,
     DateRange,
     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
     determine_ext,
+    determine_protocol,
     DownloadError,
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
@@ -59,13 +61,17 @@ from .utils import (
     PagedList,
     parse_filesize,
     PerRequestProxyHandler,
-    PostProcessingError,
     platform_name,
+    PostProcessingError,
     preferredencoding,
+    prepend_extension,
+    register_socks_protocols,
     render_table,
+    replace_extension,
     SameFileError,
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_path,
+    sanitize_url,
     sanitized_Request,
     std_headers,
     subtitles_filename,
@@ -76,16 +82,13 @@ from .utils import (
     write_string,
     YoutubeDLCookieProcessor,
     YoutubeDLHandler,
-    prepend_extension,
-    replace_extension,
-    args_to_str,
-    age_restricted,
 )
 from .cache import Cache
-from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractors
+from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractor_classes, _LAZY_LOADER
 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .postprocessor import (
+    FFmpegFixupM3u8PP,
     FFmpegFixupM4aPP,
     FFmpegFixupStretchedPP,
     FFmpegMergerPP,
@@ -94,6 +97,9 @@ from .postprocessor import (
 )
 from .version import __version__
 
+if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    import ctypes
+
 
 class YoutubeDL(object):
     """YoutubeDL class.
@@ -125,6 +131,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
     videopassword:     Password for accessing a video.
+    ap_mso:            Adobe Pass multiple-system operator identifier.
+    ap_username:       Multiple-system operator account username.
+    ap_password:       Multiple-system operator account password.
     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
@@ -191,8 +200,8 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     prefer_insecure:   Use HTTP instead of HTTPS to retrieve information.
                        At the moment, this is only supported by YouTube.
     proxy:             URL of the proxy server to use
-    cn_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
-                       on Chinese sites. (Experimental)
+    geo_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
+                       on geo-restricted sites. (Experimental)
     socket_timeout:    Time to wait for unresponsive hosts, in seconds
     bidi_workaround:   Work around buggy terminals without bidirectional text
                        support, using fridibi
@@ -241,9 +250,18 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                        - "detect_or_warn": check whether we can do anything
                                            about it, warn otherwise (default)
     source_address:    (Experimental) Client-side IP address to bind to.
-    call_home:         Boolean, true if we are allowed to contact the
+    call_home:         Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
                        youtube-dl servers for debugging.
-    sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download.
+    sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download when
+                       used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized
+                       sleep before each download (minimum possible number
+                       of seconds to sleep) when used along with
+                       max_sleep_interval.
+    max_sleep_interval:Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each
+                       download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep).
+                       Must only be used along with sleep_interval.
+                       Actual sleep time will be a random float from range
+                       [sleep_interval; max_sleep_interval].
     listformats:       Print an overview of available video formats and exit.
     list_thumbnails:   Print a table of all thumbnails and exit.
     match_filter:      A function that gets called with the info_dict of
@@ -256,13 +274,15 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
                        None or unset for standard (built-in) downloader.
-    hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv.
+    hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv
+                       if True, otherwise use ffmpeg/avconv if False, otherwise
+                       use downloader suggested by extractor if None.
 
     The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
-    xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args.
+    xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args, hls_use_mpegts.
 
     The following options are used by the post processors:
     prefer_ffmpeg:     If True, use ffmpeg instead of avconv if both are available,
@@ -297,6 +317,11 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         self.params.update(params)
         self.cache = Cache(self)
 
+        if self.params.get('cn_verification_proxy') is not None:
+            self.report_warning('--cn-verification-proxy is deprecated. Use --geo-verification-proxy instead.')
+            if self.params.get('geo_verification_proxy') is None:
+                self.params['geo_verification_proxy'] = self.params['cn_verification_proxy']
+
         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
             try:
                 import pty
@@ -319,7 +344,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         ['fribidi', '-c', 'UTF-8'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs)
                 self._output_channel = os.fdopen(master, 'rb')
             except OSError as ose:
-                if ose.errno == 2:
+                if ose.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                     self.report_warning('Could not find fribidi executable, ignoring --bidi-workaround . Make sure that  fribidi  is an executable file in one of the directories in your $PATH.')
                 else:
                     raise
@@ -355,6 +380,8 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         for ph in self.params.get('progress_hooks', []):
             self.add_progress_hook(ph)
 
+        register_socks_protocols()
+
     def warn_if_short_id(self, argv):
         # short YouTube ID starting with dash?
         idxs = [
@@ -374,8 +401,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
         """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
         self._ies.append(ie)
-        self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
-        ie.set_downloader(self)
+        if not isinstance(ie, type):
+            self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
+            ie.set_downloader(self)
 
     def get_info_extractor(self, ie_key):
         """
@@ -393,7 +421,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         """
         Add the InfoExtractors returned by gen_extractors to the end of the list
         """
-        for ie in gen_extractors():
+        for ie in gen_extractor_classes():
             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
 
     def add_post_processor(self, pp):
@@ -449,7 +477,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     def to_console_title(self, message):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
-        if os.name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
+        if compat_os_name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
             # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
             # already of type unicode()
             ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
@@ -520,7 +548,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         else:
             if self.params.get('no_warnings'):
                 return
-            if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
+            if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
                 _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
             else:
                 _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
@@ -532,7 +560,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
         in red if stderr is a tty file.
         '''
-        if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
+        if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
             _msg_header = '\033[0;31mERROR:\033[0m'
         else:
             _msg_header = 'ERROR:'
@@ -565,7 +593,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 elif template_dict.get('height'):
                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%sp' % template_dict['height']
                 elif template_dict.get('width'):
-                    template_dict['resolution'] = '?x%d' % template_dict['width']
+                    template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx?' % template_dict['width']
 
             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
                 compat_str(v),
@@ -573,7 +601,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 is_id=(k == 'id'))
             template_dict = dict((k, sanitize(k, v))
                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
-                                 if v is not None)
+                                 if v is not None and not isinstance(v, (list, tuple, dict)))
             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
 
             outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
@@ -590,7 +618,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             return None
 
     def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete):
-        """ Returns None if the file should be downloaded """
+        """ Returns None iff the file should be downloaded """
 
         video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
         if 'title' in info_dict:
@@ -604,12 +632,12 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             if rejecttitle:
                 if re.search(rejecttitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
                     return '"' + title + '" title matched reject pattern "' + rejecttitle + '"'
-        date = info_dict.get('upload_date', None)
+        date = info_dict.get('upload_date')
         if date is not None:
             dateRange = self.params.get('daterange', DateRange())
             if date not in dateRange:
                 return '%s upload date is not in range %s' % (date_from_str(date).isoformat(), dateRange)
-        view_count = info_dict.get('view_count', None)
+        view_count = info_dict.get('view_count')
         if view_count is not None:
             min_views = self.params.get('min_views')
             if min_views is not None and view_count < min_views:
@@ -657,6 +685,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             if not ie.suitable(url):
                 continue
 
+            ie = self.get_info_extractor(ie.ie_key())
             if not ie.working():
                 self.report_warning('The program functionality for this site has been marked as broken, '
                                     'and will probably not work.')
@@ -706,10 +735,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         It will also download the videos if 'download'.
         Returns the resolved ie_result.
         """
-
         result_type = ie_result.get('_type', 'video')
 
         if result_type in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
+            ie_result['url'] = sanitize_url(ie_result['url'])
             extract_flat = self.params.get('extract_flat', False)
             if ((extract_flat == 'in_playlist' and 'playlist' in extra_info) or
                     extract_flat is True):
@@ -735,7 +764,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
 
             force_properties = dict(
                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
-            for f in ('_type', 'url'):
+            for f in ('_type', 'url', 'ie_key'):
                 if f in force_properties:
                     del force_properties[f]
             new_result = info.copy()
@@ -747,18 +776,18 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
         elif result_type == 'playlist' or result_type == 'multi_video':
             # We process each entry in the playlist
-            playlist = ie_result.get('title', None) or ie_result.get('id', None)
+            playlist = ie_result.get('title') or ie_result.get('id')
             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
 
             playlist_results = []
 
             playliststart = self.params.get('playliststart', 1) - 1
-            playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend', None)
+            playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend')
             # For backwards compatibility, interpret -1 as whole list
             if playlistend == -1:
                 playlistend = None
 
-            playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items', None)
+            playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items')
             playlistitems = None
             if playlistitems_str is not None:
                 def iter_playlistitems(format):
@@ -782,7 +811,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                 self.to_screen(
-                    "[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)" %
+                    '[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)' %
                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_all_entries, n_entries))
             elif isinstance(ie_entries, PagedList):
                 if playlistitems:
@@ -796,7 +825,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         playliststart, playlistend)
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                 self.to_screen(
-                    "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
+                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
             else:  # iterable
                 if playlistitems:
@@ -807,7 +836,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                 self.to_screen(
-                    "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
+                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
 
             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
@@ -898,11 +927,14 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             STR_OPERATORS = {
                 '=': operator.eq,
                 '!=': operator.ne,
+                '^=': lambda attr, value: attr.startswith(value),
+                '$=': lambda attr, value: attr.endswith(value),
+                '*=': lambda attr, value: value in attr,
             }
             str_operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)
-                \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol)
+                \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol|format_id)
                 \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?
-                \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)
+                \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)
                 \s*$
                 ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, STR_OPERATORS.keys())))
             m = str_operator_rex.search(filter_spec)
@@ -1032,9 +1064,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             if isinstance(selector, list):
                 fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector]
 
-                def selector_function(formats):
+                def selector_function(ctx):
                     for f in fs:
-                        for format in f(formats):
+                        for format in f(ctx):
                             yield format
                 return selector_function
             elif selector.type == GROUP:
@@ -1042,17 +1074,17 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             elif selector.type == PICKFIRST:
                 fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector.selector]
 
-                def selector_function(formats):
+                def selector_function(ctx):
                     for f in fs:
-                        picked_formats = list(f(formats))
+                        picked_formats = list(f(ctx))
                         if picked_formats:
                             return picked_formats
                     return []
             elif selector.type == SINGLE:
                 format_spec = selector.selector
 
-                def selector_function(formats):
-                    formats = list(formats)
+                def selector_function(ctx):
+                    formats = list(ctx['formats'])
                     if not formats:
                         return
                     if format_spec == 'all':
@@ -1065,9 +1097,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                             if f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none']
                         if audiovideo_formats:
                             yield audiovideo_formats[format_idx]
-                        # for audio only (soundcloud) or video only (imgur) urls, select the best/worst audio format
-                        elif (all(f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats) or
-                              all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' for f in formats)):
+                        # for extractors with incomplete formats (audio only (soundcloud)
+                        # or video only (imgur)) we will fallback to best/worst
+                        # {video,audio}-only format
+                        elif ctx['incomplete_formats']:
                             yield formats[format_idx]
                     elif format_spec == 'bestaudio':
                         audio_formats = [
@@ -1141,17 +1174,18 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     }
                 video_selector, audio_selector = map(_build_selector_function, selector.selector)
 
-                def selector_function(formats):
-                    formats = list(formats)
-                    for pair in itertools.product(video_selector(formats), audio_selector(formats)):
+                def selector_function(ctx):
+                    for pair in itertools.product(
+                            video_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx)), audio_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx))):
                         yield _merge(pair)
 
             filters = [self._build_format_filter(f) for f in selector.filters]
 
-            def final_selector(formats):
+            def final_selector(ctx):
+                ctx_copy = copy.deepcopy(ctx)
                 for _filter in filters:
-                    formats = list(filter(_filter, formats))
-                return selector_function(formats)
+                    ctx_copy['formats'] = list(filter(_filter, ctx_copy['formats']))
+                return selector_function(ctx_copy)
             return final_selector
 
         stream = io.BytesIO(format_spec.encode('utf-8'))
@@ -1209,6 +1243,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if 'title' not in info_dict:
             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
 
+        if not isinstance(info_dict['id'], compat_str):
+            self.report_warning('"id" field is not a string - forcing string conversion')
+            info_dict['id'] = compat_str(info_dict['id'])
+
         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
             # It isn't part of a playlist
             info_dict['playlist'] = None
@@ -1221,15 +1259,25 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
         if thumbnails:
             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
-                t.get('preference'), t.get('width'), t.get('height'),
-                t.get('id'), t.get('url')))
+                t.get('preference') if t.get('preference') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('width') if t.get('width') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('height') if t.get('height') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('id') if t.get('id') is not None else '', t.get('url')))
             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
+                t['url'] = sanitize_url(t['url'])
                 if t.get('width') and t.get('height'):
                     t['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (t['width'], t['height'])
                 if t.get('id') is None:
                     t['id'] = '%d' % i
 
-        if thumbnails and 'thumbnail' not in info_dict:
+        if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
+            self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
+            return
+
+        thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
+        if thumbnail:
+            info_dict['thumbnail'] = sanitize_url(thumbnail)
+        elif thumbnails:
             info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnails[-1]['url']
 
         if 'display_id' not in info_dict and 'id' in info_dict:
@@ -1244,11 +1292,19 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             except (ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
                 pass
 
+        # Auto generate title fields corresponding to the *_number fields when missing
+        # in order to always have clean titles. This is very common for TV series.
+        for field in ('chapter', 'season', 'episode'):
+            if info_dict.get('%s_number' % field) is not None and not info_dict.get(field):
+                info_dict[field] = '%s %d' % (field.capitalize(), info_dict['%s_number' % field])
+
         subtitles = info_dict.get('subtitles')
         if subtitles:
             for _, subtitle in subtitles.items():
                 for subtitle_format in subtitle:
-                    if 'ext' not in subtitle_format:
+                    if subtitle_format.get('url'):
+                        subtitle_format['url'] = sanitize_url(subtitle_format['url'])
+                    if subtitle_format.get('ext') is None:
                         subtitle_format['ext'] = determine_ext(subtitle_format['url']).lower()
 
         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
@@ -1277,8 +1333,13 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             if 'url' not in format:
                 raise ExtractorError('Missing "url" key in result (index %d)' % i)
 
+            format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])
+
             if format.get('format_id') is None:
                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
+            else:
+                # Sanitize format_id from characters used in format selector expression
+                format['format_id'] = re.sub('[\s,/+\[\]()]', '_', format['format_id'])
             format_id = format['format_id']
             if format_id not in formats_dict:
                 formats_dict[format_id] = []
@@ -1298,8 +1359,12 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
                 )
             # Automatically determine file extension if missing
-            if 'ext' not in format:
+            if format.get('ext') is None:
                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
+            # Automatically determine protocol if missing (useful for format
+            # selection purposes)
+            if 'protocol' not in format:
+                format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
             # json output
             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
@@ -1317,15 +1382,11 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if self.params.get('listformats'):
             self.list_formats(info_dict)
             return
-        if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
-            self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
-            return
 
         req_format = self.params.get('format')
         if req_format is None:
             req_format_list = []
             if (self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) != '-' and
-                    info_dict['extractor'] in ['youtube', 'ted'] and
                     not info_dict.get('is_live')):
                 merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
                 if merger.available and merger.can_merge():
@@ -1333,7 +1394,34 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             req_format_list.append('best')
             req_format = '/'.join(req_format_list)
         format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
-        formats_to_download = list(format_selector(formats))
+
+        # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
+        # format set in order to calculate some metrics or do some processing.
+        # For now we need to be able to guess whether original formats provided
+        # by extractor are incomplete or not (i.e. whether extractor provides only
+        # video-only or audio-only formats) for proper formats selection for
+        # extractors with such incomplete formats (see
+        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/5556).
+        # Since formats may be filtered during format selection and may not match
+        # the original formats the results may be incorrect. Thus original formats
+        # or pre-calculated metrics should be passed to format selection routines
+        # as well.
+        # We will pass a context object containing all necessary additional data
+        # instead of just formats.
+        # This fixes incorrect format selection issue (see
+        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10083).
+        incomplete_formats = (
+            # All formats are video-only or
+            all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats) or
+            # all formats are audio-only
+            all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats))
+
+        ctx = {
+            'formats': formats,
+            'incomplete_formats': incomplete_formats,
+        }
+
+        formats_to_download = list(format_selector(ctx))
         if not formats_to_download:
             raise ExtractorError('requested format not available',
                                  expected=True)
@@ -1520,7 +1608,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already_present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
                     else:
                         self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
-                        with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as subfile:
+                        # Use newline='' to prevent conversion of newline characters
+                        # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10268
+                        with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as subfile:
                             subfile.write(sub_data)
                 except (OSError, IOError):
                     self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
@@ -1608,7 +1698,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     # Just a single file
                     success = dl(filename, info_dict)
             except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-                self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % str(err))
+                self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
                 return
             except (OSError, IOError) as err:
                 raise UnavailableVideoError(err)
@@ -1616,12 +1706,14 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 self.report_error('content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
                 return
 
-            if success:
+            if success and filename != '-':
                 # Fixup content
                 fixup_policy = self.params.get('fixup')
                 if fixup_policy is None:
                     fixup_policy = 'detect_or_warn'
 
+                INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE = 'Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.'
+
                 stretched_ratio = info_dict.get('stretched_ratio')
                 if stretched_ratio is not None and stretched_ratio != 1:
                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
@@ -1634,15 +1726,18 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(stretched_pp)
                         else:
                             self.report_warning(
-                                '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
-                                    info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
+                                '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). %s'
+                                % (info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio, INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
                     else:
                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
 
-                if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash':
+                if (info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None and
+                        info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash'):
                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
-                        self.report_warning('%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container.' % (
-                            info_dict['id']))
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
+                            'Only some players support this container.'
+                            % info_dict['id'])
                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM4aPP(self)
                         if fixup_pp.available:
@@ -1650,8 +1745,27 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
                         else:
                             self.report_warning(
-                                '%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container. Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
-                                    info_dict['id']))
+                                '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
+                                'Only some players support this container. %s'
+                                % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
+                    else:
+                        assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
+
+                if (info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native' or
+                        info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8' and
+                        self.params.get('hls_prefer_native')):
+                    if fixup_policy == 'warn':
+                        self.report_warning('%s: malformated aac bitstream.' % (
+                            info_dict['id']))
+                    elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
+                        fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM3u8PP(self)
+                        if fixup_pp.available:
+                            info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
+                            info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
+                        else:
+                            self.report_warning(
+                                '%s: malformated aac bitstream. %s'
+                                % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
                     else:
                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
 
@@ -1782,7 +1896,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             else:
                 res = '%sp' % format['height']
         elif format.get('width') is not None:
-            res = '?x%d' % format['width']
+            res = '%dx?' % format['width']
         else:
             res = default
         return res
@@ -1794,7 +1908,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if fdict.get('language'):
             if res:
                 res += ' '
-            res += '[%s]' % fdict['language']
+            res += '[%s] ' % fdict['language']
         if fdict.get('format_note') is not None:
             res += fdict['format_note'] + ' '
         if fdict.get('tbr') is not None:
@@ -1815,7 +1929,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
             res += '%4dk' % fdict['vbr']
         if fdict.get('fps') is not None:
-            res += ', %sfps' % fdict['fps']
+            if res:
+                res += ', '
+            res += '%sfps' % fdict['fps']
         if fdict.get('acodec') is not None:
             if res:
                 res += ', '
@@ -1858,13 +1974,8 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
         if not thumbnails:
-            tn_url = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
-            if tn_url:
-                thumbnails = [{'id': '0', 'url': tn_url}]
-            else:
-                self.to_screen(
-                    '[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
-                return
+            self.to_screen('[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
+            return
 
         self.to_screen(
             '[info] Thumbnails for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
@@ -1909,6 +2020,8 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         write_string(encoding_str, encoding=None)
 
         self._write_string('[debug] youtube-dl version ' + __version__ + '\n')
+        if _LAZY_LOADER:
+            self._write_string('[debug] Lazy loading extractors enabled' + '\n')
         try:
             sp = subprocess.Popen(
                 ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
@@ -1964,6 +2077,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if opts_cookiefile is None:
             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
         else:
+            opts_cookiefile = compat_expanduser(opts_cookiefile)
             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
                 opts_cookiefile)
             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
@@ -1986,8 +2100,19 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
         ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
         data_handler = compat_urllib_request_DataHandler()
+
+        # When passing our own FileHandler instance, build_opener won't add the
+        # default FileHandler and allows us to disable the file protocol, which
+        # can be used for malicious purposes (see
+        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8227)
+        file_handler = compat_urllib_request.FileHandler()
+
+        def file_open(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise compat_urllib_error.URLError('file:// scheme is explicitly disabled in youtube-dl for security reasons')
+        file_handler.file_open = file_open
+
         opener = compat_urllib_request.build_opener(
-            proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, data_handler)
+            proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, data_handler, file_handler)
 
         # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
         # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play