X-Git-Url: http://git.bitcoin.ninja/index.cgi?p=youtube-dl;a=blobdiff_plain;f=ChangeLog;h=2cc256f98646e3b037c276eb3a7b37c8c919cc41;hp=66bb790429968615ed0cdaa6ab540c36f7a8b1cc;hb=3a0ceb32e2150e8bfaf6fc2402c995a0b138d4ac;hpb=1dd126180eb7c3266af5480a95a3e5c4eb81ed1d

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 66bb79042..2cc256f98 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,4 +1,587 @@
-version <unreleased>
+version 2018.03.10
+
+Core
+* [downloader/hls] Skip uplynk ad fragments (#15748)
+
+Extractors
+* [pornhub] Don't override session cookies (#15697)
++ [raywenderlich] Add support for videos.raywenderlich.com (#15251)
+* [funk] Fix extraction and rework extractors (#15792)
+* [nexx] Restore reverse engineered approach
++ [heise] Add support for kaltura embeds (#14961, #15728)
++ [tvnow] Extract series metadata (#15774)
+* [ruutu] Continue formats extraction on NOT-USED URLs (#15775)
+* [vrtnu] Use redirect URL for building video JSON URL (#15767, #15769)
+* [vimeo] Modernize login code and improve error messaging
+* [archiveorg] Fix extraction (#15770, #15772)
++ [hidive] Add support for hidive.com (#15494)
+* [afreecatv] Detect deleted videos
+* [afreecatv] Fix extraction (#15755)
+* [vice] Fix extraction and rework extractors (#11101, #13019, #13622, #13778)
++ [vidzi] Add support for vidzi.si (#15751)
+* [npo] Fix typo
+
+
+version 2018.03.03
+
+Core
++ [utils] Add parse_resolution
+Revert respect --prefer-insecure while updating
+
+Extractors
++ [yapfiles] Add support for yapfiles.ru (#15726, #11085)
+* [spankbang] Fix formats extraction (#15727)
+* [adn] Fix extraction (#15716)
++ [toggle] Extract DASH and ISM formats (#15721)
++ [nickelodeon] Add support for nickelodeon.com.tr (#15706)
+* [npo] Validate and filter format URLs (#15709)
+
+
+version 2018.02.26
+
+Extractors
+* [udemy] Use custom User-Agent (#15571)
+
+
+version 2018.02.25
+
+Core
+* [postprocessor/embedthumbnail] Skip embedding when there aren't any
+  thumbnails (#12573)
+* [extractor/common] Improve jwplayer subtitles extraction (#15695)
+
+Extractors
++ [vidlii] Add support for vidlii.com (#14472, #14512, #14779)
++ [streamango] Capture and output error messages
+* [streamango] Fix extraction (#14160, #14256)
++ [telequebec] Add support for emissions (#14649, #14655)
++ [telequebec:live] Add support for live streams (#15688)
++ [mailru:music] Add support for mail.ru/music (#15618)
+* [aenetworks] Switch to akamai HLS formats (#15612)
+* [ytsearch] Fix flat title extraction (#11260, #15681)
+
+
+version 2018.02.22
+
+Core
++ [utils] Fixup some common URL typos in sanitize_url (#15649)
+* Respect --prefer-insecure while updating (#15497)
+
+Extractors
+* [vidio] Fix HLS URL extraction (#15675)
++ [nexx] Add support for arc.nexx.cloud URLs
+* [nexx] Switch to arc API (#15652)
+* [redtube] Fix duration extraction (#15659)
++ [sonyliv] Respect referrer (#15648)
++ [brightcove:new] Use referrer for formats' HTTP headers
++ [cbc] Add support for olympics.cbc.ca (#15535)
++ [fusion] Add support for fusion.tv (#15628)
+* [npo] Improve quality metadata extraction
+* [npo] Relax URL regular expression (#14987, #14994)
++ [npo] Capture and output error message
++ [pornhub] Add support for channels (#15613)
+* [youtube] Handle shared URLs with generic extractor (#14303)
+
+
+version 2018.02.11
+
+Core
++ [YoutubeDL] Add support for filesize_approx in format selector (#15550)
+
+Extractors
++ [francetv] Add support for live streams (#13689)
++ [francetv] Add support for zouzous.fr and ludo.fr (#10454, #13087, #13103,
+  #15012)
+* [francetv] Separate main extractor and rework others to delegate to it
+* [francetv] Improve manifest URL signing (#15536)
++ [francetv] Sign m3u8 manifest URLs (#15565)
++ [veoh] Add support for embed URLs (#15561)
+* [afreecatv] Fix extraction (#15556)
+* [periscope] Use accessVideoPublic endpoint (#15554)
+* [discovery] Fix auth request (#15542)
++ [6play] Extract subtitles (#15541)
+* [newgrounds] Fix metadata extraction (#15531)
++ [nbc] Add support for stream.nbcolympics.com (#10295)
+* [dvtv] Fix live streams extraction (#15442)
+
+
+version 2018.02.08
+
+Extractors
++ [myvi] Extend URL regular expression
++ [myvi:embed] Add support for myvi.tv embeds (#15521)
++ [prosiebensat1] Extend URL regular expression (#15520)
+* [pokemon] Relax URL regular expression and extend title extraction (#15518)
++ [gameinformer] Use geo verification headers
+* [la7] Fix extraction (#15501, #15502)
+* [gameinformer] Fix brightcove id extraction (#15416)
++ [afreecatv] Pass referrer to video info request (#15507)
++ [telebruxelles] Add support for live streams
+* [telebruxelles] Relax URL regular expression
+* [telebruxelles] Fix extraction (#15504)
+* [extractor/common] Respect secure schemes in _extract_wowza_formats
+
+
+version 2018.02.04
+
+Core
+* [downloader/http] Randomize HTTP chunk size
++ [downloader/http] Add ability to pass downloader options via info dict
+* [downloader/http] Fix 302 infinite loops by not reusing requests
++ Document http_chunk_size
+
+Extractors
++ [brightcove] Pass embed page URL as referrer (#15486)
++ [youtube] Enforce using chunked HTTP downloading for DASH formats
+
+
+version 2018.02.03
+
+Core
++ Introduce --http-chunk-size for chunk-based HTTP downloading
++ Add support for IronPython
+* [downloader/ism] Fix Python 3.2 support
+
+Extractors
+* [redbulltv] Fix extraction (#15481)
+* [redtube] Fix metadata extraction (#15472)
+* [pladform] Respect platform id and extract HLS formats (#15468)
+- [rtlnl] Remove progressive formats (#15459)
+* [6play] Do no modify asset URLs with a token (#15248)
+* [nationalgeographic] Relax URL regular expression
+* [dplay] Relax URL regular expression (#15458)
+* [cbsinteractive] Fix data extraction (#15451)
++ [amcnetworks] Add support for sundancetv.com (#9260)
+
+
+version 2018.01.27
+
+Core
+* [extractor/common] Improve _json_ld for articles
+* Switch codebase to use compat_b64decode
++ [compat] Add compat_b64decode
+
+Extractors
++ [seznamzpravy] Add support for seznam.cz and seznamzpravy.cz (#14102, #14616)
+* [dplay] Bypass geo restriction
++ [dplay] Add support for disco-api videos (#15396)
+* [youtube] Extract precise error messages (#15284)
+* [teachertube] Capture and output error message
+* [teachertube] Fix and relax thumbnail extraction (#15403)
++ [prosiebensat1] Add another clip id regular expression (#15378)
+* [tbs] Update tokenizer url (#15395)
+* [mixcloud] Use compat_b64decode (#15394)
+- [thesixtyone] Remove extractor (#15341)
+
+
+version 2018.01.21
+
+Core
+* [extractor/common] Improve jwplayer DASH formats extraction (#9242, #15187)
+* [utils] Improve scientific notation handling in js_to_json (#14789)
+
+Extractors
++ [southparkdk] Add support for southparkstudios.nu
++ [southpark] Add support for collections (#14803)
+* [franceinter] Fix upload date extraction (#14996)
++ [rtvs] Add support for rtvs.sk (#9242, #15187)
+* [restudy] Fix extraction and extend URL regular expression (#15347)
+* [youtube:live] Improve live detection (#15365)
++ [springboardplatform] Add support for springboardplatform.com
+* [prosiebensat1] Add another clip id regular expression (#15290)
+- [ringtv] Remove extractor (#15345)
+
+
+version 2018.01.18
+
+Extractors
+* [soundcloud] Update client id (#15306)
+- [kamcord] Remove extractor (#15322)
++ [spiegel] Add support for nexx videos (#15285)
+* [twitch] Fix authentication and error capture (#14090, #15264)
+* [vk] Detect more errors due to copyright complaints (#15259)
+
+
+version 2018.01.14
+
+Extractors
+* [youtube] Fix live streams extraction (#15202)
+* [wdr] Bypass geo restriction
+* [wdr] Rework extractors (#14598)
++ [wdr] Add support for wdrmaus.de/elefantenseite (#14598)
++ [gamestar] Add support for gamepro.de (#3384)
+* [viafree] Skip rtmp formats (#15232)
++ [pandoratv] Add support for mobile URLs (#12441)
++ [pandoratv] Add support for new URL format (#15131)
++ [ximalaya] Add support for ximalaya.com (#14687)
++ [digg] Add support for digg.com (#15214)
+* [limelight] Tolerate empty pc formats (#15150, #15151, #15207)
+* [ndr:embed:base] Make separate formats extraction non fatal (#15203)
++ [weibo] Add extractor (#15079)
++ [ok] Add support for live streams
+* [canalplus] Fix extraction (#15072)
+* [bilibili] Fix extraction (#15188)
+
+
+version 2018.01.07
+
+Core
+* [utils] Fix youtube-dl under PyPy3 on Windows
+* [YoutubeDL] Output python implementation in debug header
+
+Extractors
++ [jwplatform] Add support for multiple embeds (#15192)
+* [mitele] Fix extraction (#15186)
++ [motherless] Add support for groups (#15124)
+* [lynda] Relax URL regular expression (#15185)
+* [soundcloud] Fallback to avatar picture for thumbnail (#12878)
+* [youku] Fix list extraction (#15135)
+* [openload] Fix extraction (#15166)
+* [lynda] Skip invalid subtitles (#15159)
+* [twitch] Pass video id to url_result when extracting playlist (#15139)
+* [rtve.es:alacarta] Fix extraction of some new URLs
+* [acast] Fix extraction (#15147)
+
+
+version 2017.12.31
+
+Core
++ [extractor/common] Add container meta field for formats extracted
+  in _parse_mpd_formats (#13616)
++ [downloader/hls] Use HTTP headers for key request
+* [common] Use AACL as the default fourcc when AudioTag is 255
+* [extractor/common] Fix extraction of DASH formats with the same
+  representation id (#15111)
+
+Extractors
++ [slutload] Add support for mobile URLs (#14806)
+* [abc:iview] Bypass geo restriction
+* [abc:iview] Fix extraction (#14711, #14782, #14838, #14917, #14963, #14985,
+  #15035, #15057, #15061, #15071, #15095, #15106)
+* [openload] Fix extraction (#15118)
+- [sandia] Remove extractor
+- [collegerama] Remove extractor
++ [mediasite] Add support for sites based on Mediasite Video Platform (#5428,
+  #11185, #14343)
++ [ufctv] Add support for ufc.tv (#14520)
+* [pluralsight] Fix missing first line of subtitles (#11118)
+* [openload] Fallback on f-page extraction (#14665, #14879)
+* [vimeo] Improve password protected videos extraction (#15114)
+* [aws] Fix canonical/signed headers generation on python 2 (#15102)
+
+
+version 2017.12.28
+
+Extractors
++ [internazionale] Add support for internazionale.it (#14973)
+* [playtvak] Relax video regular expression and make description optional
+  (#15037)
++ [filmweb] Add support for filmweb.no (#8773, #10368)
++ [23video] Add support for 23video.com
++ [espn] Add support for fivethirtyeight.com (#6864)
++ [umg:de] Add support for universal-music.de (#11582, #11584)
++ [espn] Add support for espnfc and extract more formats (#8053)
+* [youku] Update ccode (#14880)
++ [openload] Add support for oload.stream (#15070)
+* [youku] Fix list extraction (#15065)
+
+
+version 2017.12.23
+
+Core
+* [extractor/common] Move X-Forwarded-For setup code into _request_webpage
++ [YoutubeDL] Add support for playlist_uploader and playlist_uploader_id in
+  output template (#11427, #15018)
++ [extractor/common] Introduce uploader, uploader_id and uploader_url
+  meta fields for playlists (#11427, #15018)
+* [downloader/fragment] Encode filename of fragment being removed (#15020)
++ [utils] Add another date format pattern (#14999)
+
+Extractors
++ [kaltura] Add another embed pattern for entry_id
++ [7plus] Add support for 7plus.com.au (#15043)
+* [animeondemand] Relax login error regular expression
++ [shahid] Add support for show pages (#7401)
++ [youtube] Extract uploader, uploader_id and uploader_url for playlists
+  (#11427, #15018)
+* [afreecatv] Improve format extraction (#15019)
++ [cspan] Add support for audio only pages and catch page errors (#14995)
++ [mailru] Add support for embed URLs (#14904)
+* [crunchyroll] Future-proof XML element checks (#15013)
+* [cbslocal] Fix timestamp extraction (#14999, #15000)
+* [discoverygo] Correct TTML subtitle extension
+* [vk] Make view count optional (#14979)
+* [disney] Skip Apple FairPlay formats (#14982)
+* [voot] Fix format extraction (#14758)
+
+
+version 2017.12.14
+
+Core
+* [postprocessor/xattr] Clarify NO_SPACE message (#14970)
+* [downloader/http] Return actual download result from real_download (#14971)
+
+Extractors
++ [itv] Extract more subtitles and duration
+* [itv] Improve extraction (#14944)
++ [byutv] Add support for geo restricted videos
+* [byutv] Fix extraction (#14966, #14967)
++ [bbccouk] Fix extraction for 320k HLS streams
++ [toutv] Add support for special video URLs (#14179)
+* [discovery] Fix free videos extraction (#14157, #14954)
+* [tvnow] Fix extraction (#7831)
++ [nickelodeon:br] Add support for nickelodeon brazil websites (#14893)
+* [nick] Improve extraction (#14876)
+* [tbs] Fix extraction (#13658)
+
+
+version 2017.12.10
+
+Core
++ [utils] Add sami mimetype to mimetype2ext
+
+Extractors
+* [culturebox] Improve video id extraction (#14947)
+* [twitter] Improve extraction (#14197)
++ [udemy] Extract more HLS formats
+* [udemy] Improve course id extraction (#14938)
++ [stretchinternet] Add support for portal.stretchinternet.com (#14576)
+* [ellentube] Fix extraction (#14407, #14570)
++ [raiplay:playlist] Add support for playlists (#14563)
+* [sonyliv] Bypass geo restriction
+* [sonyliv] Extract higher quality formats (#14922)
+* [fox] Extract subtitles
++ [fox] Add support for Adobe Pass authentication (#14205, #14489)
+- [dailymotion:cloud] Remove extractor (#6794)
+* [xhamster] Fix thumbnail extraction (#14780)
++ [xhamster] Add support for mobile URLs (#14780)
+* [generic] Don't pass video id as mpd id while extracting DASH (#14902)
+* [ard] Skip invalid stream URLs (#14906)
+* [porncom] Fix metadata extraction (#14911)
+* [pluralsight] Detect agreement request (#14913)
+* [toutv] Fix login (#14614)
+
+
+version 2017.12.02
+
+Core
++ [downloader/fragment] Commit part file after each fragment
++ [extractor/common] Add durations for DASH fragments with bare SegmentURLs
++ [extractor/common] Add support for DASH manifests with SegmentLists with
+  bare SegmentURLs (#14844)
++ [utils] Add hvc1 codec code to parse_codecs
+
+Extractors
+* [xhamster] Fix extraction (#14884)
+* [youku] Update ccode (#14872)
+* [mnet] Fix format extraction (#14883)
++ [xiami] Add Referer header to API request
+* [mtv] Correct scc extention in extracted subtitles (#13730)
+* [vvvvid] Fix extraction for kenc videos (#13406)
++ [br] Add support for BR Mediathek videos (#14560, #14788)
++ [daisuki] Add support for motto.daisuki.com (#14681)
+* [odnoklassniki] Fix API metadata request (#14862)
+* [itv] Fix HLS formats extraction
++ [pbs] Add another media id regular expression
+
+
+version 2017.11.26
+
+Core
+* [extractor/common] Use final URL when dumping request (#14769)
+
+Extractors
+* [fczenit] Fix extraction
+- [firstpost] Remove extractor
+* [freespeech] Fix extraction
+* [nexx] Extract more formats
++ [openload] Add support for openload.link (#14763)
+* [empflix] Relax URL regular expression
+* [empflix] Fix extractrion
+* [tnaflix] Don't modify download URLs (#14811)
+- [gamersyde] Remove extractor
+* [francetv:generationwhat] Fix extraction
++ [massengeschmacktv] Add support for Massengeschmack TV
+* [fox9] Fix extraction
+* [faz] Fix extraction and add support for Perform Group embeds (#14714)
++ [performgroup] Add support for performgroup.com
++ [jwplatform] Add support for iframes (#14828)
+* [culturebox] Fix extraction (#14827)
+* [youku] Fix extraction; update ccode (#14815)
+* [livestream] Make SMIL extraction non fatal (#14792)
++ [drtuber] Add support for mobile URLs (#14772)
++ [spankbang] Add support for mobile URLs (#14771)
+* [instagram] Fix description, timestamp and counters extraction (#14755)
+
+
+version 2017.11.15
+
+Core
+* [common] Skip Apple FairPlay m3u8 manifests (#14741)
+* [YoutubeDL] Fix playlist range optimization for --playlist-items (#14740)
+
+Extractors
+* [vshare] Capture and output error message
+* [vshare] Fix extraction (#14473)
+* [crunchyroll] Extract old RTMP formats
+* [tva] Fix extraction (#14736)
+* [gamespot] Lower preference of HTTP formats (#14652)
+* [instagram:user] Fix extraction (#14699)
+* [ccma] Fix typo (#14730)
+- Remove sensitive data from logging in messages
+* [instagram:user] Fix extraction (#14699)
++ [gamespot] Add support for article URLs (#14652)
+* [gamespot] Skip Brightcove Once HTTP formats (#14652)
+* [cartoonnetwork] Update tokenizer_src (#14666)
++ [wsj] Recognize another URL pattern (#14704)
+* [pandatv] Update API URL and sign format URLs (#14693)
+* [crunchyroll] Use old login method (#11572)
+
+
+version 2017.11.06
+
+Core
++ [extractor/common] Add protocol for f4m formats
+* [f4m] Prefer baseURL for relative URLs (#14660)
+* [extractor/common] Respect URL query in _extract_wowza_formats (14645)
+
+Extractors
++ [hotstar:playlist] Add support for playlists (#12465)
+* [hotstar] Bypass geo restriction (#14672)
+- [22tracks] Remove extractor (#11024, #14628)
++ [skysport] Sdd support ooyala videos protected with embed_token (#14641)
+* [gamespot] Extract formats referenced with new data fields (#14652)
+* [spankbang] Detect unavailable videos (#14644)
+
+
+version 2017.10.29
+
+Core
+* [extractor/common] Prefix format id for audio only HLS formats
++ [utils] Add support for zero years and months in parse_duration
+
+Extractors
+* [egghead] Fix extraction (#14388)
++ [fxnetworks] Extract series metadata (#14603)
++ [younow] Add support for younow.com (#9255, #9432, #12436)
+* [dctptv] Fix extraction (#14599)
+* [youtube] Restrict embed regular expression (#14600)
+* [vimeo] Restrict iframe embed regular expression (#14600)
+* [soundgasm] Improve extraction (#14588)
+- [myvideo] Remove extractor (#8557)
++ [nbc] Add support for classic-tv videos (#14575)
++ [vrtnu] Add support for cookies authentication and simplify (#11873)
++ [canvas] Add support for vrt.be/vrtnu (#11873)
+* [twitch:clips] Fix title extraction (#14566)
++ [ndtv] Add support for sub-sites (#14534)
+* [dramafever] Fix login error message extraction
++ [nick] Add support for more nickelodeon sites (no, dk, se, ch, fr, es, pt,
+  ro, hu) (#14553)
+
+
+version 2017.10.20
+
+Core
+* [downloader/fragment] Report warning instead of error on inconsistent
+  download state
+* [downloader/hls] Fix total fragments count when ad fragments exist
+
+Extractors
+* [parliamentliveuk] Fix extraction (#14524)
+* [soundcloud] Update client id (#14546)
++ [servus] Add support for servus.com (#14362)
++ [unity] Add support for unity3d.com (#14528)
+* [youtube] Replace youtube redirect URLs in description (#14517)
+* [pbs] Restrict direct video URL regular expression (#14519)
+* [drtv] Respect preference for direct HTTP formats (#14509)
++ [eporner] Add support for embed URLs (#14507)
+* [arte] Capture and output error message
+* [niconico] Improve uploader metadata extraction robustness (#14135)
+
+
+version 2017.10.15.1
+
+Core
+* [downloader/hls] Ignore anvato ad fragments (#14496)
+* [downloader/fragment] Output ad fragment count
+
+Extractors
+* [scrippsnetworks:watch] Bypass geo restriction
++ [anvato] Add ability to bypass geo restriction
+* [redditr] Fix extraction for URLs with query (#14495)
+
+
+version 2017.10.15
+
+Core
++ [common] Add support for jwplayer youtube embeds
+
+Extractors
+* [scrippsnetworks:watch] Fix extraction (#14389)
+* [anvato] Process master m3u8 manifests
+* [youtube] Fix relative URLs in description
+* [spike] Bypass geo restriction
++ [howstuffworks] Add support for more domains
+* [infoq] Fix http format downloading
++ [rtlnl] Add support for another type of embeds
++ [onionstudios] Add support for bulbs-video embeds
+* [udn] Fix extraction
+* [shahid] Fix extraction (#14448)
+* [kaltura] Ignore Widevine encrypted video (.wvm) (#14471)
+* [vh1] Fix extraction (#9613)
+
+
+version 2017.10.12
+
+Core
+* [YoutubeDL] Improve _default_format_spec (#14461)
+
+Extractors
+* [steam] Fix extraction (#14067)
++ [funk] Add support for funk.net (#14464)
++ [nexx] Add support for shortcuts and relax domain id extraction
++ [voxmedia] Add support for recode.net (#14173)
++ [once] Add support for vmap URLs
++ [generic] Add support for channel9 embeds (#14469)
+* [tva] Fix extraction (#14328)
++ [tubitv] Add support for new URL format (#14460)
+- [afreecatv:global] Remove extractor
+- [youtube:shared] Removed extractor (#14420)
++ [slideslive] Add support for slideslive.com (#2680)
++ [facebook] Support thumbnails (#14416)
+* [vvvvid] Fix episode number extraction (#14456)
+* [hrti:playlist] Relax URL regular expression
+* [wdr] Relax media link regular expression (#14447)
+* [hrti] Relax URL regular expression (#14443)
+* [fox] Delegate extraction to uplynk:preplay (#14147)
++ [youtube] Add support for hooktube.com (#14437)
+
+
+version 2017.10.07
+
+Core
+* [YoutubeDL] Ignore duplicates in --playlist-items
+* [YoutubeDL] Fix out of range --playlist-items for iterable playlists and
+  reduce code duplication (#14425)
++ [utils] Use cache in OnDemandPagedList by default
+* [postprocessor/ffmpeg] Convert to opus using libopus (#14381)
+
+Extractors
+* [reddit] Sort formats (#14430)
+* [lnkgo] Relax URL regular expression (#14423)
+* [pornflip] Extend URL regular expression (#14405, #14406)
++ [xtube] Add support for embed URLs (#14417)
++ [xvideos] Add support for embed URLs and improve extraction (#14409)
+* [beeg] Fix extraction (#14403)
+* [tvn24] Relax URL regular expression (#14395)
+* [nbc] Fix extraction (#13651, #13715, #14137, #14198, #14312, #14314, #14378,
+  #14392, #14414, #14419, #14431)
++ [ketnet] Add support for videos without direct sources (#14377)
+* [canvas] Generalize mediazone.vrt.be extractor and rework canvas and een
++ [afreecatv] Add support for adult videos (#14376)
+
+
+version 2017.10.01
 
 Core
 * [YoutubeDL] Document youtube_include_dash_manifest
@@ -752,7 +1335,7 @@ version 2017.04.14
 
 Core
 + [downloader/hls] Add basic support for EXT-X-BYTERANGE tag (#10955)
-+ [adobepass] Improve Comcast and Verison login code (#10803)
++ [adobepass] Improve Comcast and Verizon login code (#10803)
 + [adobepass] Add support for Verizon (#10803)
 
 Extractors