[rust-lightning] / lightning / src / chain / mod.rs

// This file is Copyright its original authors, visible in version control
// history.
//
// This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE
// or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
// You may not use this file except in accordance with one or both of these
// licenses.

//! Structs and traits which allow other parts of rust-lightning to interact with the blockchain.

use bitcoin::blockdata::block::{Block, BlockHeader};
use bitcoin::blockdata::constants::genesis_block;
use bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script;
use bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut;
use bitcoin::hash_types::{BlockHash, Txid};
use bitcoin::network::constants::Network;
use bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey;

use crate::chain::channelmonitor::{ChannelMonitor, ChannelMonitorUpdate, MonitorEvent};
use crate::chain::keysinterface::Sign;
use crate::chain::transaction::{OutPoint, TransactionData};

use crate::prelude::*;

pub mod chaininterface;
pub mod chainmonitor;
pub mod channelmonitor;
pub mod transaction;
pub mod keysinterface;
pub(crate) mod onchaintx;
pub(crate) mod package;

/// The best known block as identified by its hash and height.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct BestBlock {
        block_hash: BlockHash,
        height: u32,
}

impl BestBlock {
        /// Constructs a `BestBlock` that represents the genesis block at height 0 of the given
        /// network.
        pub fn from_genesis(network: Network) -> Self {
                BestBlock {
                        block_hash: genesis_block(network).header.block_hash(),
                        height: 0,
                }
        }

        /// Returns a `BestBlock` as identified by the given block hash and height.
        pub fn new(block_hash: BlockHash, height: u32) -> Self {
                BestBlock { block_hash, height }
        }

        /// Returns the best block hash.
        pub fn block_hash(&self) -> BlockHash { self.block_hash }

        /// Returns the best block height.
        pub fn height(&self) -> u32 { self.height }
}

/// An error when accessing the chain via [`Access`].
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum AccessError {
        /// The requested chain is unknown.
        UnknownChain,

        /// The requested transaction doesn't exist or hasn't confirmed.
        UnknownTx,
}

/// The `Access` trait defines behavior for accessing chain data and state, such as blocks and
/// UTXOs.
pub trait Access {
        /// Returns the transaction output of a funding transaction encoded by [`short_channel_id`].
        /// Returns an error if `genesis_hash` is for a different chain or if such a transaction output
        /// is unknown.
        ///
        /// [`short_channel_id`]: https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/07-routing-gossip.md#definition-of-short_channel_id
        fn get_utxo(&self, genesis_hash: &BlockHash, short_channel_id: u64) -> Result<TxOut, AccessError>;
}

/// The `Listen` trait is used to notify when blocks have been connected or disconnected from the
/// chain.
///
/// Useful when needing to replay chain data upon startup or as new chain events occur. Clients
/// sourcing chain data using a block-oriented API should prefer this interface over [`Confirm`].
/// Such clients fetch the entire header chain whereas clients using [`Confirm`] only fetch headers
/// when needed.
///
/// By using [`Listen::filtered_block_connected`] this interface supports clients fetching the
/// entire header chain and only blocks with matching transaction data using BIP 157 filters or
/// other similar filtering.
pub trait Listen {
        /// Notifies the listener that a block was added at the given height, with the transaction data
        /// possibly filtered.
        fn filtered_block_connected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, txdata: &TransactionData, height: u32);

        /// Notifies the listener that a block was added at the given height.
        fn block_connected(&self, block: &Block, height: u32) {
                let txdata: Vec<_> = block.txdata.iter().enumerate().collect();
                self.filtered_block_connected(&block.header, &txdata, height);
        }

        /// Notifies the listener that a block was removed at the given height.
        fn block_disconnected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, height: u32);
}

/// The `Confirm` trait is used to notify when transactions have been confirmed on chain or
/// unconfirmed during a chain reorganization.
///
/// Clients sourcing chain data using a transaction-oriented API should prefer this interface over
/// [`Listen`]. For instance, an Electrum client may implement [`Filter`] by subscribing to activity
/// related to registered transactions and outputs. Upon notification, it would pass along the
/// matching transactions using this interface.
///
/// # Use
///
/// The intended use is as follows:
/// - Call [`transactions_confirmed`] to process any on-chain activity of interest.
/// - Call [`transaction_unconfirmed`] to process any transaction returned by [`get_relevant_txids`]
///   that has been reorganized out of the chain.
/// - Call [`best_block_updated`] whenever a new chain tip becomes available.
///
/// # Order
///
/// Clients must call these methods in chain order. Specifically:
/// - Transactions confirmed in a block must be given before transactions confirmed in a later
///   block.
/// - Dependent transactions within the same block must be given in topological order, possibly in
///   separate calls.
/// - Unconfirmed transactions must be given after the original confirmations and before any
///   reconfirmation.
///
/// See individual method documentation for further details.
///
/// [`transactions_confirmed`]: Self::transactions_confirmed
/// [`transaction_unconfirmed`]: Self::transaction_unconfirmed
/// [`best_block_updated`]: Self::best_block_updated
/// [`get_relevant_txids`]: Self::get_relevant_txids
pub trait Confirm {
        /// Processes transactions confirmed in a block with a given header and height.
        ///
        /// Should be called for any transactions registered by [`Filter::register_tx`] or any
        /// transactions spending an output registered by [`Filter::register_output`]. Such transactions
        /// appearing in the same block do not need to be included in the same call; instead, multiple
        /// calls with additional transactions may be made so long as they are made in [chain order].
        ///
        /// May be called before or after [`best_block_updated`] for the corresponding block. However,
        /// in the event of a chain reorganization, it must not be called with a `header` that is no
        /// longer in the chain as of the last call to [`best_block_updated`].
        ///
        /// [chain order]: Confirm#order
        /// [`best_block_updated`]: Self::best_block_updated
        fn transactions_confirmed(&self, header: &BlockHeader, txdata: &TransactionData, height: u32);

        /// Processes a transaction that is no longer confirmed as result of a chain reorganization.
        ///
        /// Should be called for any transaction returned by [`get_relevant_txids`] if it has been
        /// reorganized out of the best chain. Once called, the given transaction will not be returned
        /// by [`get_relevant_txids`], unless it has been reconfirmed via [`transactions_confirmed`].
        ///
        /// [`get_relevant_txids`]: Self::get_relevant_txids
        /// [`transactions_confirmed`]: Self::transactions_confirmed
        fn transaction_unconfirmed(&self, txid: &Txid);

        /// Processes an update to the best header connected at the given height.
        ///
        /// Should be called when a new header is available but may be skipped for intermediary blocks
        /// if they become available at the same time.
        fn best_block_updated(&self, header: &BlockHeader, height: u32);

        /// Returns transactions that should be monitored for reorganization out of the chain along
        /// with the hash of the block as part of which had been previously confirmed.
        ///
        /// Will include any transactions passed to [`transactions_confirmed`] that have insufficient
        /// confirmations to be safe from a chain reorganization. Will not include any transactions
        /// passed to [`transaction_unconfirmed`], unless later reconfirmed.
        ///
        /// May be called to determine the subset of transactions that must still be monitored for
        /// reorganization. Will be idempotent between calls but may change as a result of calls to the
        /// other interface methods. Thus, this is useful to determine which transactions may need to be
        /// given to [`transaction_unconfirmed`]. If any of the returned transactions are confirmed in
        /// a block other than the one with the given hash, they need to be unconfirmed and reconfirmed
        /// via [`transaction_unconfirmed`] and [`transactions_confirmed`], respectively.
        ///
        /// [`transactions_confirmed`]: Self::transactions_confirmed
        /// [`transaction_unconfirmed`]: Self::transaction_unconfirmed
        fn get_relevant_txids(&self) -> Vec<(Txid, Option<BlockHash>)>;
}

/// An enum representing the status of a channel monitor update persistence.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus {
        /// The update has been durably persisted and all copies of the relevant [`ChannelMonitor`]
        /// have been updated.
        ///
        /// This includes performing any `fsync()` calls required to ensure the update is guaranteed to
        /// be available on restart even if the application crashes.
        Completed,
        /// Used to indicate a temporary failure (eg connection to a watchtower or remote backup of
        /// our state failed, but is expected to succeed at some point in the future).
        ///
        /// Such a failure will "freeze" a channel, preventing us from revoking old states or
        /// submitting new commitment transactions to the counterparty. Once the update(s) which failed
        /// have been successfully applied, a [`MonitorEvent::Completed`] can be used to restore the
        /// channel to an operational state.
        ///
        /// Note that a given [`ChannelManager`] will *never* re-generate a [`ChannelMonitorUpdate`].
        /// If you return this error you must ensure that it is written to disk safely before writing
        /// the latest [`ChannelManager`] state, or you should return [`PermanentFailure`] instead.
        ///
        /// Even when a channel has been "frozen", updates to the [`ChannelMonitor`] can continue to
        /// occur (e.g. if an inbound HTLC which we forwarded was claimed upstream, resulting in us
        /// attempting to claim it on this channel) and those updates must still be persisted.
        ///
        /// No updates to the channel will be made which could invalidate other [`ChannelMonitor`]s
        /// until a [`MonitorEvent::Completed`] is provided, even if you return no error on a later
        /// monitor update for the same channel.
        ///
        /// For deployments where a copy of ChannelMonitors and other local state are backed up in a
        /// remote location (with local copies persisted immediately), it is anticipated that all
        /// updates will return [`InProgress`] until the remote copies could be updated.
        ///
        /// [`PermanentFailure`]: ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::PermanentFailure
        /// [`InProgress`]: ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::InProgress
        /// [`ChannelManager`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager
        InProgress,
        /// Used to indicate no further channel monitor updates will be allowed (likely a disk failure
        /// or a remote copy of this [`ChannelMonitor`] is no longer reachable and thus not updatable).
        ///
        /// When this is returned, [`ChannelManager`] will force-close the channel but *not* broadcast
        /// our current commitment transaction. This avoids a dangerous case where a local disk failure
        /// (e.g. the Linux-default remounting of the disk as read-only) causes [`PermanentFailure`]s
        /// for all monitor updates. If we were to broadcast our latest commitment transaction and then
        /// restart, we could end up reading a previous [`ChannelMonitor`] and [`ChannelManager`],
        /// revoking our now-broadcasted state before seeing it confirm and losing all our funds.
        ///
        /// Note that this is somewhat of a tradeoff - if the disk is really gone and we may have lost
        /// the data permanently, we really should broadcast immediately. If the data can be recovered
        /// with manual intervention, we'd rather close the channel, rejecting future updates to it,
        /// and broadcast the latest state only if we have HTLCs to claim which are timing out (which
        /// we do as long as blocks are connected).
        ///
        /// In order to broadcast the latest local commitment transaction, you'll need to call
        /// [`ChannelMonitor::get_latest_holder_commitment_txn`] and broadcast the resulting
        /// transactions once you've safely ensured no further channel updates can be generated by your
        /// [`ChannelManager`].
        ///
        /// Note that at least one final [`ChannelMonitorUpdate`] may still be provided, which must
        /// still be processed by a running [`ChannelMonitor`]. This final update will mark the
        /// [`ChannelMonitor`] as finalized, ensuring no further updates (e.g. revocation of the latest
        /// commitment transaction) are allowed.
        ///
        /// Note that even if you return a [`PermanentFailure`] due to unavailability of secondary
        /// [`ChannelMonitor`] copies, you should still make an attempt to store the update where
        /// possible to ensure you can claim HTLC outputs on the latest commitment transaction
        /// broadcasted later.
        ///
        /// In case of distributed watchtowers deployment, the new version must be written to disk, as
        /// state may have been stored but rejected due to a block forcing a commitment broadcast. This
        /// storage is used to claim outputs of rejected state confirmed onchain by another watchtower,
        /// lagging behind on block processing.
        ///
        /// [`PermanentFailure`]: ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::PermanentFailure
        /// [`ChannelManager`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager
        PermanentFailure,
}

/// The `Watch` trait defines behavior for watching on-chain activity pertaining to channels as
/// blocks are connected and disconnected.
///
/// Each channel is associated with a [`ChannelMonitor`]. Implementations of this trait are
/// responsible for maintaining a set of monitors such that they can be updated accordingly as
/// channel state changes and HTLCs are resolved. See method documentation for specific
/// requirements.
///
/// Implementations **must** ensure that updates are successfully applied and persisted upon method
/// completion. If an update fails with a [`PermanentFailure`], then it must immediately shut down
/// without taking any further action such as persisting the current state.
///
/// If an implementation maintains multiple instances of a channel's monitor (e.g., by storing
/// backup copies), then it must ensure that updates are applied across all instances. Otherwise, it
/// could result in a revoked transaction being broadcast, allowing the counterparty to claim all
/// funds in the channel. See [`ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus`] for more details about how to handle
/// multiple instances.
///
/// [`PermanentFailure`]: ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::PermanentFailure
pub trait Watch<ChannelSigner: Sign> {
        /// Watches a channel identified by `funding_txo` using `monitor`.
        ///
        /// Implementations are responsible for watching the chain for the funding transaction along
        /// with any spends of outputs returned by [`get_outputs_to_watch`]. In practice, this means
        /// calling [`block_connected`] and [`block_disconnected`] on the monitor.
        ///
        /// Note: this interface MUST error with [`ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::PermanentFailure`] if
        /// the given `funding_txo` has previously been registered via `watch_channel`.
        ///
        /// [`get_outputs_to_watch`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor::get_outputs_to_watch
        /// [`block_connected`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor::block_connected
        /// [`block_disconnected`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor::block_disconnected
        fn watch_channel(&self, funding_txo: OutPoint, monitor: ChannelMonitor<ChannelSigner>) -> ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus;

        /// Updates a channel identified by `funding_txo` by applying `update` to its monitor.
        ///
        /// Implementations must call [`update_monitor`] with the given update. See
        /// [`ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus`] for invariants around returning an error.
        ///
        /// [`update_monitor`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor::update_monitor
        fn update_channel(&self, funding_txo: OutPoint, update: ChannelMonitorUpdate) -> ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus;

        /// Returns any monitor events since the last call. Subsequent calls must only return new
        /// events.
        ///
        /// Note that after any block- or transaction-connection calls to a [`ChannelMonitor`], no
        /// further events may be returned here until the [`ChannelMonitor`] has been fully persisted
        /// to disk.
        ///
        /// For details on asynchronous [`ChannelMonitor`] updating and returning
        /// [`MonitorEvent::Completed`] here, see [`ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::InProgress`].
        fn release_pending_monitor_events(&self) -> Vec<(OutPoint, Vec<MonitorEvent>, Option<PublicKey>)>;
}

/// The `Filter` trait defines behavior for indicating chain activity of interest pertaining to
/// channels.
///
/// This is useful in order to have a [`Watch`] implementation convey to a chain source which
/// transactions to be notified of. Notification may take the form of pre-filtering blocks or, in
/// the case of [BIP 157]/[BIP 158], only fetching a block if the compact filter matches. If
/// receiving full blocks from a chain source, any further filtering is unnecessary.
///
/// After an output has been registered, subsequent block retrievals from the chain source must not
/// exclude any transactions matching the new criteria nor any in-block descendants of such
/// transactions.
///
/// Note that use as part of a [`Watch`] implementation involves reentrancy. Therefore, the `Filter`
/// should not block on I/O. Implementations should instead queue the newly monitored data to be
/// processed later. Then, in order to block until the data has been processed, any [`Watch`]
/// invocation that has called the `Filter` must return [`InProgress`].
///
/// [`InProgress`]: ChannelMonitorUpdateStatus::InProgress
/// [BIP 157]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki
/// [BIP 158]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0158.mediawiki
pub trait Filter {
        /// Registers interest in a transaction with `txid` and having an output with `script_pubkey` as
        /// a spending condition.
        fn register_tx(&self, txid: &Txid, script_pubkey: &Script);

        /// Registers interest in spends of a transaction output.
        ///
        /// Note that this method might be called during processing of a new block. You therefore need
        /// to ensure that also dependent output spents within an already connected block are correctly
        /// handled, e.g., by re-scanning the block in question whenever new outputs have been
        /// registered mid-processing.
        fn register_output(&self, output: WatchedOutput);
}

/// A transaction output watched by a [`ChannelMonitor`] for spends on-chain.
///
/// Used to convey to a [`Filter`] such an output with a given spending condition. Any transaction
/// spending the output must be given to [`ChannelMonitor::block_connected`] either directly or via
/// [`Confirm::transactions_confirmed`].
///
/// If `block_hash` is `Some`, this indicates the output was created in the corresponding block and
/// may have been spent there. See [`Filter::register_output`] for details.
///
/// [`ChannelMonitor`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor
/// [`ChannelMonitor::block_connected`]: channelmonitor::ChannelMonitor::block_connected
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct WatchedOutput {
        /// First block where the transaction output may have been spent.
        pub block_hash: Option<BlockHash>,

        /// Outpoint identifying the transaction output.
        pub outpoint: OutPoint,

        /// Spending condition of the transaction output.
        pub script_pubkey: Script,
}

impl<T: Listen> Listen for core::ops::Deref<Target = T> {
        fn filtered_block_connected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, txdata: &TransactionData, height: u32) {
                (**self).filtered_block_connected(header, txdata, height);
        }

        fn block_disconnected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, height: u32) {
                (**self).block_disconnected(header, height);
        }
}

impl<T: core::ops::Deref, U: core::ops::Deref> Listen for (T, U)
where
        T::Target: Listen,
        U::Target: Listen,
{
        fn filtered_block_connected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, txdata: &TransactionData, height: u32) {
                self.0.filtered_block_connected(header, txdata, height);
                self.1.filtered_block_connected(header, txdata, height);
        }

        fn block_disconnected(&self, header: &BlockHeader, height: u32) {
                self.0.block_disconnected(header, height);
                self.1.block_disconnected(header, height);
        }
}