1 // This file is Copyright its original authors, visible in version control
4 // This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE
5 // or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
6 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
7 // You may not use this file except in accordance with one or both of these
10 //! Tagged hashes for use in signature calculation and verification.
12 use bitcoin::hashes::{Hash, HashEngine, sha256};
13 use bitcoin::secp256k1::{Message, PublicKey, Secp256k1, self};
14 use bitcoin::secp256k1::schnorr::Signature;
15 use core::convert::AsRef;
17 use crate::util::ser::{BigSize, Readable, Writeable, Writer};
19 use crate::prelude::*;
21 /// Valid type range for signature TLV records.
22 const SIGNATURE_TYPES: core::ops::RangeInclusive<u64> = 240..=1000;
24 tlv_stream!(SignatureTlvStream, SignatureTlvStreamRef, SIGNATURE_TYPES, {
25 (240, signature: Signature),
28 /// A hash for use in a specific context by tweaking with a context-dependent tag as per [BIP 340]
29 /// and computed over the merkle root of a TLV stream to sign as defined in [BOLT 12].
31 /// [BIP 340]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki
32 /// [BOLT 12]: https://github.com/rustyrussell/lightning-rfc/blob/guilt/offers/12-offer-encoding.md#signature-calculation
33 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
34 pub struct TaggedHash {
36 merkle_root: sha256::Hash,
41 /// Creates a tagged hash with the given parameters.
43 /// Panics if `tlv_stream` is not a well-formed TLV stream containing at least one TLV record.
44 pub(super) fn new(tag: &'static str, tlv_stream: &[u8]) -> Self {
45 let tag_hash = sha256::Hash::hash(tag.as_bytes());
46 let merkle_root = root_hash(tlv_stream);
47 let digest = Message::from_slice(tagged_hash(tag_hash, merkle_root).as_byte_array()).unwrap();
55 /// Returns the digest to sign.
56 pub fn as_digest(&self) -> &Message {
60 /// Returns the tag used in the tagged hash.
61 pub fn tag(&self) -> &str {
65 /// Returns the merkle root used in the tagged hash.
66 pub fn merkle_root(&self) -> sha256::Hash {
71 impl AsRef<TaggedHash> for TaggedHash {
72 fn as_ref(&self) -> &TaggedHash {
77 /// Error when signing messages.
78 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
79 pub enum SignError<E = ()> {
80 /// User-defined error when signing the message.
82 /// Error when verifying the produced signature using the given pubkey.
83 Verification(secp256k1::Error),
86 /// A function for signing a [`TaggedHash`].
87 pub(super) trait SignFn<T: AsRef<TaggedHash>> {
88 /// Error type returned by the function.
91 /// Signs a [`TaggedHash`] computed over the merkle root of `message`'s TLV stream.
92 fn sign(&self, message: &T) -> Result<Signature, Self::Error>;
95 impl<F, E> SignFn<TaggedHash> for F
97 F: Fn(&TaggedHash) -> Result<Signature, E>,
101 fn sign(&self, message: &TaggedHash) -> Result<Signature, E> {
106 /// Signs a [`TaggedHash`] computed over the merkle root of `message`'s TLV stream, checking if it
107 /// can be verified with the supplied `pubkey`.
109 /// Since `message` is any type that implements [`AsRef<TaggedHash>`], `sign` may be a closure that
110 /// takes a message such as [`Bolt12Invoice`] or [`InvoiceRequest`]. This allows further message
111 /// verification before signing its [`TaggedHash`].
113 /// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
114 /// [`InvoiceRequest`]: crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequest
115 pub(super) fn sign_message<F, T, E>(
116 f: F, message: &T, pubkey: PublicKey,
117 ) -> Result<Signature, SignError<E>>
119 F: SignFn<T, Error = E>,
120 T: AsRef<TaggedHash>,
122 let signature = f.sign(message).map_err(|e| SignError::Signing(e))?;
124 let digest = message.as_ref().as_digest();
125 let pubkey = pubkey.into();
126 let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::verification_only();
127 secp_ctx.verify_schnorr(&signature, digest, &pubkey).map_err(|e| SignError::Verification(e))?;
132 /// Verifies the signature with a pubkey over the given message using a tagged hash as the message
134 pub(super) fn verify_signature(
135 signature: &Signature, message: &TaggedHash, pubkey: PublicKey,
136 ) -> Result<(), secp256k1::Error> {
137 let digest = message.as_digest();
138 let pubkey = pubkey.into();
139 let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::verification_only();
140 secp_ctx.verify_schnorr(signature, digest, &pubkey)
143 /// Computes a merkle root hash for the given data, which must be a well-formed TLV stream
144 /// containing at least one TLV record.
145 fn root_hash(data: &[u8]) -> sha256::Hash {
146 let nonce_tag = tagged_hash_engine(sha256::Hash::from_engine({
147 let first_tlv_record = TlvStream::new(&data[..]).next().unwrap();
148 let mut engine = sha256::Hash::engine();
149 engine.input("LnNonce".as_bytes());
150 engine.input(first_tlv_record.record_bytes);
153 let leaf_tag = tagged_hash_engine(sha256::Hash::hash("LnLeaf".as_bytes()));
154 let branch_tag = tagged_hash_engine(sha256::Hash::hash("LnBranch".as_bytes()));
156 let mut leaves = Vec::new();
157 let tlv_stream = TlvStream::new(&data[..]);
158 for record in tlv_stream.skip_signatures() {
159 leaves.push(tagged_hash_from_engine(leaf_tag.clone(), &record.record_bytes));
160 leaves.push(tagged_hash_from_engine(nonce_tag.clone(), &record.type_bytes));
163 // Calculate the merkle root hash in place.
164 let num_leaves = leaves.len();
166 let step = 2 << level;
167 let offset = step / 2;
168 if offset >= num_leaves {
172 let left_branches = (0..num_leaves).step_by(step);
173 let right_branches = (offset..num_leaves).step_by(step);
174 for (i, j) in left_branches.zip(right_branches) {
175 leaves[i] = tagged_branch_hash_from_engine(branch_tag.clone(), leaves[i], leaves[j]);
179 *leaves.first().unwrap()
182 fn tagged_hash<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(tag: sha256::Hash, msg: T) -> sha256::Hash {
183 let engine = tagged_hash_engine(tag);
184 tagged_hash_from_engine(engine, msg)
187 fn tagged_hash_engine(tag: sha256::Hash) -> sha256::HashEngine {
188 let mut engine = sha256::Hash::engine();
189 engine.input(tag.as_ref());
190 engine.input(tag.as_ref());
194 fn tagged_hash_from_engine<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(mut engine: sha256::HashEngine, msg: T) -> sha256::Hash {
195 engine.input(msg.as_ref());
196 sha256::Hash::from_engine(engine)
199 fn tagged_branch_hash_from_engine(
200 mut engine: sha256::HashEngine, leaf1: sha256::Hash, leaf2: sha256::Hash,
203 engine.input(leaf1.as_ref());
204 engine.input(leaf2.as_ref());
206 engine.input(leaf2.as_ref());
207 engine.input(leaf1.as_ref());
209 sha256::Hash::from_engine(engine)
212 /// [`Iterator`] over a sequence of bytes yielding [`TlvRecord`]s. The input is assumed to be a
213 /// well-formed TLV stream.
215 pub(super) struct TlvStream<'a> {
216 data: io::Cursor<&'a [u8]>,
219 impl<'a> TlvStream<'a> {
220 pub fn new(data: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
222 data: io::Cursor::new(data),
226 pub fn range<T>(self, types: T) -> impl core::iter::Iterator<Item = TlvRecord<'a>>
228 T: core::ops::RangeBounds<u64> + Clone,
230 let take_range = types.clone();
231 self.skip_while(move |record| !types.contains(&record.r#type))
232 .take_while(move |record| take_range.contains(&record.r#type))
235 fn skip_signatures(self) -> core::iter::Filter<TlvStream<'a>, fn(&TlvRecord) -> bool> {
236 self.filter(|record| !SIGNATURE_TYPES.contains(&record.r#type))
240 /// A slice into a [`TlvStream`] for a record.
241 pub(super) struct TlvRecord<'a> {
242 pub(super) r#type: u64,
243 type_bytes: &'a [u8],
244 // The entire TLV record.
245 pub(super) record_bytes: &'a [u8],
248 impl<'a> Iterator for TlvStream<'a> {
249 type Item = TlvRecord<'a>;
251 fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
252 if self.data.position() < self.data.get_ref().len() as u64 {
253 let start = self.data.position();
255 let r#type = <BigSize as Readable>::read(&mut self.data).unwrap().0;
256 let offset = self.data.position();
257 let type_bytes = &self.data.get_ref()[start as usize..offset as usize];
259 let length = <BigSize as Readable>::read(&mut self.data).unwrap().0;
260 let offset = self.data.position();
261 let end = offset + length;
263 let _value = &self.data.get_ref()[offset as usize..end as usize];
264 let record_bytes = &self.data.get_ref()[start as usize..end as usize];
266 self.data.set_position(end);
268 Some(TlvRecord { r#type, type_bytes, record_bytes })
275 /// Encoding for a pre-serialized TLV stream that excludes any signature TLV records.
277 /// Panics if the wrapped bytes are not a well-formed TLV stream.
278 pub(super) struct WithoutSignatures<'a>(pub &'a [u8]);
280 impl<'a> Writeable for WithoutSignatures<'a> {
282 fn write<W: Writer>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
283 let tlv_stream = TlvStream::new(self.0);
284 for record in tlv_stream.skip_signatures() {
285 writer.write_all(record.record_bytes)?;
293 use super::{SIGNATURE_TYPES, TlvStream, WithoutSignatures};
295 use bitcoin::hashes::{Hash, sha256};
296 use bitcoin::hashes::hex::FromHex;
297 use bitcoin::secp256k1::{KeyPair, Message, Secp256k1, SecretKey};
298 use bitcoin::secp256k1::schnorr::Signature;
299 use core::convert::Infallible;
300 use crate::offers::offer::{Amount, OfferBuilder};
301 use crate::offers::invoice_request::{InvoiceRequest, UnsignedInvoiceRequest};
302 use crate::offers::parse::Bech32Encode;
303 use crate::offers::test_utils::{payer_pubkey, recipient_pubkey};
304 use crate::util::ser::Writeable;
307 fn calculates_merkle_root_hash() {
308 // BOLT 12 test vectors
309 macro_rules! tlv1 { () => { "010203e8" } }
310 macro_rules! tlv2 { () => { "02080000010000020003" } }
311 macro_rules! tlv3 { () => { "03310266e4598d1d3c415f572a8488830b60f7e744ed9235eb0b1ba93283b315c0351800000000000000010000000000000002" } }
313 super::root_hash(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex(tlv1!()).unwrap()),
314 sha256::Hash::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("b013756c8fee86503a0b4abdab4cddeb1af5d344ca6fc2fa8b6c08938caa6f93").unwrap()).unwrap(),
317 super::root_hash(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex(concat!(tlv1!(), tlv2!())).unwrap()),
318 sha256::Hash::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("c3774abbf4815aa54ccaa026bff6581f01f3be5fe814c620a252534f434bc0d1").unwrap()).unwrap(),
321 super::root_hash(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex(concat!(tlv1!(), tlv2!(), tlv3!())).unwrap()),
322 sha256::Hash::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("ab2e79b1283b0b31e0b035258de23782df6b89a38cfa7237bde69aed1a658c5d").unwrap()).unwrap(),
327 fn calculates_merkle_root_hash_from_invoice_request() {
328 let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
329 let recipient_pubkey = {
330 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("4141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141").unwrap()).unwrap();
331 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key).public_key()
334 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("4242424242424242424242424242424242424242424242424242424242424242").unwrap()).unwrap();
335 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key)
338 // BOLT 12 test vectors
339 let invoice_request = OfferBuilder::new("A Mathematical Treatise".into(), recipient_pubkey)
340 .amount(Amount::Currency { iso4217_code: *b"USD", amount: 100 })
342 .request_invoice(vec![0; 8], payer_keys.public_key()).unwrap()
344 .sign(|message: &UnsignedInvoiceRequest| -> Result<_, Infallible> {
345 Ok(secp_ctx.sign_schnorr_no_aux_rand(message.as_ref().as_digest(), &payer_keys))
349 invoice_request.to_string(),
350 "lnr1qqyqqqqqqqqqqqqqqcp4256ypqqkgzshgysy6ct5dpjk6ct5d93kzmpq23ex2ct5d9ek293pqthvwfzadd7jejes8q9lhc4rvjxd022zv5l44g6qah82ru5rdpnpjkppqvjx204vgdzgsqpvcp4mldl3plscny0rt707gvpdh6ndydfacz43euzqhrurageg3n7kafgsek6gz3e9w52parv8gs2hlxzk95tzeswywffxlkeyhml0hh46kndmwf4m6xma3tkq2lu04qz3slje2rfthc89vss",
353 super::root_hash(&invoice_request.bytes[..]),
354 sha256::Hash::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("608407c18ad9a94d9ea2bcdbe170b6c20c462a7833a197621c916f78cf18e624").unwrap()).unwrap(),
357 invoice_request.signature(),
358 Signature::from_slice(&<Vec<u8>>::from_hex("b8f83ea3288cfd6ea510cdb481472575141e8d8744157f98562d162cc1c472526fdb24befefbdebab4dbb726bbd1b7d8aec057f8fa805187e5950d2bbe0e5642").unwrap()).unwrap(),
363 fn compute_tagged_hash() {
364 let unsigned_invoice_request = OfferBuilder::new("foo".into(), recipient_pubkey())
367 .request_invoice(vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey()).unwrap()
368 .payer_note("bar".into())
371 // Simply test that we can grab the tag and merkle root exposed by the accessor
372 // functions, then use them to succesfully compute a tagged hash.
373 let tagged_hash = unsigned_invoice_request.as_ref();
374 let expected_digest = unsigned_invoice_request.as_ref().as_digest();
375 let tag = sha256::Hash::hash(tagged_hash.tag().as_bytes());
376 let actual_digest = Message::from_slice(super::tagged_hash(tag, tagged_hash.merkle_root()).as_byte_array())
378 assert_eq!(*expected_digest, actual_digest);
382 fn skips_encoding_signature_tlv_records() {
383 let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
384 let recipient_pubkey = {
385 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&[41; 32]).unwrap();
386 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key).public_key()
389 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&[42; 32]).unwrap();
390 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key)
393 let invoice_request = OfferBuilder::new("foo".into(), recipient_pubkey)
396 .request_invoice(vec![0; 8], payer_keys.public_key()).unwrap()
398 .sign(|message: &UnsignedInvoiceRequest| -> Result<_, Infallible> {
399 Ok(secp_ctx.sign_schnorr_no_aux_rand(message.as_ref().as_digest(), &payer_keys))
403 let mut bytes_without_signature = Vec::new();
404 WithoutSignatures(&invoice_request.bytes).write(&mut bytes_without_signature).unwrap();
406 assert_ne!(bytes_without_signature, invoice_request.bytes);
408 TlvStream::new(&bytes_without_signature).count(),
409 TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).count() - 1,
414 fn iterates_over_tlv_stream_range() {
415 let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
416 let recipient_pubkey = {
417 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&[41; 32]).unwrap();
418 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key).public_key()
421 let secret_key = SecretKey::from_slice(&[42; 32]).unwrap();
422 KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &secret_key)
425 let invoice_request = OfferBuilder::new("foo".into(), recipient_pubkey)
428 .request_invoice(vec![0; 8], payer_keys.public_key()).unwrap()
430 .sign(|message: &UnsignedInvoiceRequest| -> Result<_, Infallible> {
431 Ok(secp_ctx.sign_schnorr_no_aux_rand(message.as_ref().as_digest(), &payer_keys))
435 let tlv_stream = TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).range(0..1)
436 .chain(TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).range(1..80))
437 .chain(TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).range(80..160))
438 .chain(TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).range(160..240))
439 .chain(TlvStream::new(&invoice_request.bytes).range(SIGNATURE_TYPES))
440 .map(|r| r.record_bytes.to_vec())
442 .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
444 assert_eq!(tlv_stream, invoice_request.bytes);
447 impl AsRef<[u8]> for InvoiceRequest {
448 fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
453 impl Bech32Encode for InvoiceRequest {
454 const BECH32_HRP: &'static str = "lnr";
457 impl core::fmt::Display for InvoiceRequest {
458 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
459 self.fmt_bech32_str(f)