Merge pull request #2961 from jkczyz/2024-03-compact-blinded-paths
[rust-lightning] / lightning / src / offers / refund.rs
index 82ecfd88719050bd4a5b87ba6c0db8a2772de1f8..03253fb6400bfe2c1261fcb2b00f13bc6eff1779 100644 (file)
 //! Data structures and encoding for refunds.
 //!
 //! A [`Refund`] is an "offer for money" and is typically constructed by a merchant and presented
-//! directly to the customer. The recipient responds with an `Invoice` to be paid.
+//! directly to the customer. The recipient responds with a [`Bolt12Invoice`] to be paid.
 //!
 //! This is an [`InvoiceRequest`] produced *not* in response to an [`Offer`].
 //!
+//! [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
 //! [`InvoiceRequest`]: crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequest
 //! [`Offer`]: crate::offers::offer::Offer
+//!
+//! # Example
+//!
+//! ```
+//! extern crate bitcoin;
+//! extern crate core;
+//! extern crate lightning;
+//!
+//! use core::convert::TryFrom;
+//! use core::time::Duration;
+//!
+//! use bitcoin::network::constants::Network;
+//! use bitcoin::secp256k1::{KeyPair, PublicKey, Secp256k1, SecretKey};
+//! use lightning::offers::parse::Bolt12ParseError;
+//! use lightning::offers::refund::{Refund, RefundBuilder};
+//! use lightning::util::ser::{Readable, Writeable};
+//!
+//! # use lightning::blinded_path::BlindedPath;
+//! # #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+//! # use std::time::SystemTime;
+//! #
+//! # fn create_blinded_path() -> BlindedPath { unimplemented!() }
+//! # fn create_another_blinded_path() -> BlindedPath { unimplemented!() }
+//! #
+//! # #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+//! # fn build() -> Result<(), Bolt12ParseError> {
+//! let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
+//! let keys = KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &SecretKey::from_slice(&[42; 32]).unwrap());
+//! let pubkey = PublicKey::from(keys);
+//!
+//! let expiration = SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(24 * 60 * 60);
+//! let refund = RefundBuilder::new("coffee, large".to_string(), vec![1; 32], pubkey, 20_000)?
+//!     .absolute_expiry(expiration.duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap())
+//!     .issuer("Foo Bar".to_string())
+//!     .path(create_blinded_path())
+//!     .path(create_another_blinded_path())
+//!     .chain(Network::Bitcoin)
+//!     .payer_note("refund for order #12345".to_string())
+//!     .build()?;
+//!
+//! // Encode as a bech32 string for use in a QR code.
+//! let encoded_refund = refund.to_string();
+//!
+//! // Parse from a bech32 string after scanning from a QR code.
+//! let refund = encoded_refund.parse::<Refund>()?;
+//!
+//! // Encode refund as raw bytes.
+//! let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+//! refund.write(&mut bytes).unwrap();
+//!
+//! // Decode raw bytes into an refund.
+//! let refund = Refund::try_from(bytes)?;
+//! # Ok(())
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! # Note
+//!
+//! If constructing a [`Refund`] for use with a [`ChannelManager`], use
+//! [`ChannelManager::create_refund_builder`] instead of [`RefundBuilder::new`].
+//!
+//! [`ChannelManager`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager
+//! [`ChannelManager::create_refund_builder`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager::create_refund_builder
 
 use bitcoin::blockdata::constants::ChainHash;
 use bitcoin::network::constants::Network;
-use bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey;
-use core::convert::TryFrom;
+use bitcoin::secp256k1::{PublicKey, Secp256k1, self};
+use core::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use core::ops::Deref;
 use core::str::FromStr;
 use core::time::Duration;
+use crate::sign::EntropySource;
 use crate::io;
+use crate::blinded_path::BlindedPath;
+use crate::ln::PaymentHash;
+use crate::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId;
 use crate::ln::features::InvoiceRequestFeatures;
+use crate::ln::inbound_payment::{ExpandedKey, IV_LEN, Nonce};
 use crate::ln::msgs::{DecodeError, MAX_VALUE_MSAT};
-use crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequestTlvStream;
-use crate::offers::offer::OfferTlvStream;
-use crate::offers::parse::{Bech32Encode, ParseError, ParsedMessage, SemanticError};
-use crate::offers::payer::{PayerContents, PayerTlvStream};
-use crate::onion_message::BlindedPath;
+use crate::offers::invoice::BlindedPayInfo;
+use crate::offers::invoice_request::{InvoiceRequestTlvStream, InvoiceRequestTlvStreamRef};
+use crate::offers::offer::{OfferTlvStream, OfferTlvStreamRef};
+use crate::offers::parse::{Bech32Encode, Bolt12ParseError, Bolt12SemanticError, ParsedMessage};
+use crate::offers::payer::{PayerContents, PayerTlvStream, PayerTlvStreamRef};
+use crate::offers::signer::{Metadata, MetadataMaterial, self};
 use crate::util::ser::{SeekReadable, WithoutLength, Writeable, Writer};
 use crate::util::string::PrintableString;
 
+#[cfg(not(c_bindings))]
+use {
+       crate::offers::invoice::{DerivedSigningPubkey, ExplicitSigningPubkey, InvoiceBuilder},
+};
+#[cfg(c_bindings)]
+use {
+       crate::offers::invoice::{InvoiceWithDerivedSigningPubkeyBuilder, InvoiceWithExplicitSigningPubkeyBuilder},
+};
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
-/// A `Refund` is a request to send an `Invoice` without a preceding [`Offer`].
+pub(super) const IV_BYTES: &[u8; IV_LEN] = b"LDK Refund ~~~~~";
+
+/// Builds a [`Refund`] for the "offer for money" flow.
+///
+/// See [module-level documentation] for usage.
+///
+/// This is not exported to bindings users as builder patterns don't map outside of move semantics.
+///
+/// [module-level documentation]: self
+pub struct RefundBuilder<'a, T: secp256k1::Signing> {
+       refund: RefundContents,
+       secp_ctx: Option<&'a Secp256k1<T>>,
+}
+
+/// Builds a [`Refund`] for the "offer for money" flow.
+///
+/// See [module-level documentation] for usage.
+///
+/// [module-level documentation]: self
+#[cfg(c_bindings)]
+pub struct RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a> {
+       refund: RefundContents,
+       secp_ctx: Option<&'a Secp256k1<secp256k1::All>>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! refund_explicit_metadata_builder_methods { () => {
+       /// Creates a new builder for a refund using the [`Refund::payer_id`] for the public node id to
+       /// send to if no [`Refund::paths`] are set. Otherwise, it may be a transient pubkey.
+       ///
+       /// Additionally, sets the required [`Refund::description`], [`Refund::payer_metadata`], and
+       /// [`Refund::amount_msats`].
+       ///
+       /// # Note
+       ///
+       /// If constructing a [`Refund`] for use with a [`ChannelManager`], use
+       /// [`ChannelManager::create_refund_builder`] instead of [`RefundBuilder::new`].
+       ///
+       /// [`ChannelManager`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager
+       /// [`ChannelManager::create_refund_builder`]: crate::ln::channelmanager::ChannelManager::create_refund_builder
+       pub fn new(
+               description: String, metadata: Vec<u8>, payer_id: PublicKey, amount_msats: u64
+       ) -> Result<Self, Bolt12SemanticError> {
+               if amount_msats > MAX_VALUE_MSAT {
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::InvalidAmount);
+               }
+
+               let metadata = Metadata::Bytes(metadata);
+               Ok(Self {
+                       refund: RefundContents {
+                               payer: PayerContents(metadata), description, absolute_expiry: None, issuer: None,
+                               paths: None, chain: None, amount_msats, features: InvoiceRequestFeatures::empty(),
+                               quantity: None, payer_id, payer_note: None,
+                       },
+                       secp_ctx: None,
+               })
+       }
+} }
+
+macro_rules! refund_builder_methods { (
+       $self: ident, $self_type: ty, $return_type: ty, $return_value: expr, $secp_context: ty $(, $self_mut: tt)?
+) => {
+       /// Similar to [`RefundBuilder::new`] except, if [`RefundBuilder::path`] is called, the payer id
+       /// is derived from the given [`ExpandedKey`] and nonce. This provides sender privacy by using a
+       /// different payer id for each refund, assuming a different nonce is used.  Otherwise, the
+       /// provided `node_id` is used for the payer id.
+       ///
+       /// Also, sets the metadata when [`RefundBuilder::build`] is called such that it can be used to
+       /// verify that an [`InvoiceRequest`] was produced for the refund given an [`ExpandedKey`].
+       ///
+       /// The `payment_id` is encrypted in the metadata and should be unique. This ensures that only
+       /// one invoice will be paid for the refund and that payments can be uniquely identified.
+       ///
+       /// [`InvoiceRequest`]: crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequest
+       /// [`ExpandedKey`]: crate::ln::inbound_payment::ExpandedKey
+       pub fn deriving_payer_id<ES: Deref>(
+               description: String, node_id: PublicKey, expanded_key: &ExpandedKey, entropy_source: ES,
+               secp_ctx: &'a Secp256k1<$secp_context>, amount_msats: u64, payment_id: PaymentId
+       ) -> Result<Self, Bolt12SemanticError> where ES::Target: EntropySource {
+               if amount_msats > MAX_VALUE_MSAT {
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::InvalidAmount);
+               }
+
+               let nonce = Nonce::from_entropy_source(entropy_source);
+               let payment_id = Some(payment_id);
+               let derivation_material = MetadataMaterial::new(nonce, expanded_key, IV_BYTES, payment_id);
+               let metadata = Metadata::DerivedSigningPubkey(derivation_material);
+               Ok(Self {
+                       refund: RefundContents {
+                               payer: PayerContents(metadata), description, absolute_expiry: None, issuer: None,
+                               paths: None, chain: None, amount_msats, features: InvoiceRequestFeatures::empty(),
+                               quantity: None, payer_id: node_id, payer_note: None,
+                       },
+                       secp_ctx: Some(secp_ctx),
+               })
+       }
+
+       /// Sets the [`Refund::absolute_expiry`] as seconds since the Unix epoch. Any expiry that has
+       /// already passed is valid and can be checked for using [`Refund::is_expired`].
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       pub fn absolute_expiry($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, absolute_expiry: Duration) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.absolute_expiry = Some(absolute_expiry);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Sets the [`Refund::issuer`].
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       pub fn issuer($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, issuer: String) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.issuer = Some(issuer);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Adds a blinded path to [`Refund::paths`]. Must include at least one path if only connected
+       /// by private channels or if [`Refund::payer_id`] is not a public node id.
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will add another blinded path. Caller is responsible for not
+       /// adding duplicate paths.
+       pub fn path($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, path: BlindedPath) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.paths.get_or_insert_with(Vec::new).push(path);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Sets the [`Refund::chain`] of the given [`Network`] for paying an invoice. If not
+       /// called, [`Network::Bitcoin`] is assumed.
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       pub fn chain($self: $self_type, network: Network) -> $return_type {
+               $self.chain_hash(ChainHash::using_genesis_block(network))
+       }
+
+       /// Sets the [`Refund::chain`] of the given [`ChainHash`] for paying an invoice. If not called,
+       /// [`Network::Bitcoin`] is assumed.
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       pub(crate) fn chain_hash($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, chain: ChainHash) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.chain = Some(chain);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Sets [`Refund::quantity`] of items. This is purely for informational purposes. It is useful
+       /// when the refund pertains to a [`Bolt12Invoice`] that paid for more than one item from an
+       /// [`Offer`] as specified by [`InvoiceRequest::quantity`].
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       ///
+       /// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
+       /// [`InvoiceRequest::quantity`]: crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequest::quantity
+       /// [`Offer`]: crate::offers::offer::Offer
+       pub fn quantity($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, quantity: u64) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.quantity = Some(quantity);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Sets the [`Refund::payer_note`].
+       ///
+       /// Successive calls to this method will override the previous setting.
+       pub fn payer_note($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, payer_note: String) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.payer_note = Some(payer_note);
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       /// Builds a [`Refund`] after checking for valid semantics.
+       pub fn build($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type) -> Result<Refund, Bolt12SemanticError> {
+               if $self.refund.chain() == $self.refund.implied_chain() {
+                       $self.refund.chain = None;
+               }
+
+               // Create the metadata for stateless verification of a Bolt12Invoice.
+               if $self.refund.payer.0.has_derivation_material() {
+                       let mut metadata = core::mem::take(&mut $self.refund.payer.0);
+
+                       if $self.refund.paths.is_none() {
+                               metadata = metadata.without_keys();
+                       }
+
+                       let mut tlv_stream = $self.refund.as_tlv_stream();
+                       tlv_stream.0.metadata = None;
+                       if metadata.derives_payer_keys() {
+                               tlv_stream.2.payer_id = None;
+                       }
+
+                       let (derived_metadata, keys) = metadata.derive_from(tlv_stream, $self.secp_ctx);
+                       metadata = derived_metadata;
+                       if let Some(keys) = keys {
+                               $self.refund.payer_id = keys.public_key();
+                       }
+
+                       $self.refund.payer.0 = metadata;
+               }
+
+               let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+               $self.refund.write(&mut bytes).unwrap();
+
+               Ok(Refund {
+                       bytes,
+                       #[cfg(not(c_bindings))]
+                       contents: $self.refund,
+                       #[cfg(c_bindings)]
+                       contents: $self.refund.clone(),
+               })
+       }
+} }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+macro_rules! refund_builder_test_methods { (
+       $self: ident, $self_type: ty, $return_type: ty, $return_value: expr $(, $self_mut: tt)?
+) => {
+       #[cfg_attr(c_bindings, allow(dead_code))]
+       pub(crate) fn clear_paths($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.paths = None;
+               $return_value
+       }
+
+       #[cfg_attr(c_bindings, allow(dead_code))]
+       fn features_unchecked($($self_mut)* $self: $self_type, features: InvoiceRequestFeatures) -> $return_type {
+               $self.refund.features = features;
+               $return_value
+       }
+} }
+
+impl<'a> RefundBuilder<'a, secp256k1::SignOnly> {
+       refund_explicit_metadata_builder_methods!();
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: secp256k1::Signing> RefundBuilder<'a, T> {
+       refund_builder_methods!(self, Self, Self, self, T, mut);
+
+       #[cfg(test)]
+       refund_builder_test_methods!(self, Self, Self, self, mut);
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(c_bindings, not(test)))]
+impl<'a> RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a> {
+       refund_explicit_metadata_builder_methods!();
+       refund_builder_methods!(self, &mut Self, (), (), secp256k1::All);
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(c_bindings, test))]
+impl<'a> RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a> {
+       refund_explicit_metadata_builder_methods!();
+       refund_builder_methods!(self, &mut Self, &mut Self, self, secp256k1::All);
+       refund_builder_test_methods!(self, &mut Self, &mut Self, self);
+}
+
+#[cfg(c_bindings)]
+impl<'a> From<RefundBuilder<'a, secp256k1::All>>
+for RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a> {
+       fn from(builder: RefundBuilder<'a, secp256k1::All>) -> Self {
+               let RefundBuilder { refund, secp_ctx } = builder;
+
+               Self { refund, secp_ctx }
+       }
+}
+
+#[cfg(c_bindings)]
+impl<'a> From<RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a>>
+for RefundBuilder<'a, secp256k1::All> {
+       fn from(builder: RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder<'a>) -> Self {
+               let RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder { refund, secp_ctx } = builder;
+
+               Self { refund, secp_ctx }
+       }
+}
+
+/// A `Refund` is a request to send an [`Bolt12Invoice`] without a preceding [`Offer`].
 ///
 /// Typically, after an invoice is paid, the recipient may publish a refund allowing the sender to
 /// recoup their funds. A refund may be used more generally as an "offer for money", such as with a
 /// bitcoin ATM.
 ///
+/// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
 /// [`Offer`]: crate::offers::offer::Offer
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Refund {
-       bytes: Vec<u8>,
-       contents: RefundContents,
+       pub(super) bytes: Vec<u8>,
+       pub(super) contents: RefundContents,
 }
 
-/// The contents of a [`Refund`], which may be shared with an `Invoice`.
+/// The contents of a [`Refund`], which may be shared with an [`Bolt12Invoice`].
+///
+/// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct RefundContents {
+#[cfg_attr(test, derive(PartialEq))]
+pub(super) struct RefundContents {
        payer: PayerContents,
        // offer fields
-       metadata: Option<Vec<u8>>,
        description: String,
        absolute_expiry: Option<Duration>,
        issuer: Option<String>,
@@ -66,6 +415,7 @@ struct RefundContents {
        chain: Option<ChainHash>,
        amount_msats: u64,
        features: InvoiceRequestFeatures,
+       quantity: Option<u64>,
        payer_id: PublicKey,
        payer_note: Option<String>,
 }
@@ -74,73 +424,206 @@ impl Refund {
        /// A complete description of the purpose of the refund. Intended to be displayed to the user
        /// but with the caveat that it has not been verified in any way.
        pub fn description(&self) -> PrintableString {
-               PrintableString(&self.contents.description)
+               self.contents.description()
        }
 
        /// Duration since the Unix epoch when an invoice should no longer be sent.
        ///
        /// If `None`, the refund does not expire.
        pub fn absolute_expiry(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
-               self.contents.absolute_expiry
+               self.contents.absolute_expiry()
        }
 
        /// Whether the refund has expired.
        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
        pub fn is_expired(&self) -> bool {
-               match self.absolute_expiry() {
-                       Some(seconds_from_epoch) => match SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH.elapsed() {
-                               Ok(elapsed) => elapsed > seconds_from_epoch,
-                               Err(_) => false,
-                       },
-                       None => false,
-               }
+               self.contents.is_expired()
+       }
+
+       /// Whether the refund has expired given the duration since the Unix epoch.
+       pub fn is_expired_no_std(&self, duration_since_epoch: Duration) -> bool {
+               self.contents.is_expired_no_std(duration_since_epoch)
        }
 
        /// The issuer of the refund, possibly beginning with `user@domain` or `domain`. Intended to be
        /// displayed to the user but with the caveat that it has not been verified in any way.
        pub fn issuer(&self) -> Option<PrintableString> {
-               self.contents.issuer.as_ref().map(|issuer| PrintableString(issuer.as_str()))
+               self.contents.issuer()
        }
 
        /// Paths to the sender originating from publicly reachable nodes. Blinded paths provide sender
        /// privacy by obfuscating its node id.
        pub fn paths(&self) -> &[BlindedPath] {
-               self.contents.paths.as_ref().map(|paths| paths.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[])
+               self.contents.paths()
        }
 
        /// An unpredictable series of bytes, typically containing information about the derivation of
        /// [`payer_id`].
        ///
        /// [`payer_id`]: Self::payer_id
-       pub fn metadata(&self) -> &[u8] {
-               &self.contents.payer.0
+       pub fn payer_metadata(&self) -> &[u8] {
+               self.contents.metadata()
        }
 
        /// A chain that the refund is valid for.
        pub fn chain(&self) -> ChainHash {
-               self.contents.chain.unwrap_or_else(|| ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Bitcoin))
+               self.contents.chain()
        }
 
        /// The amount to refund in msats (i.e., the minimum lightning-payable unit for [`chain`]).
        ///
        /// [`chain`]: Self::chain
        pub fn amount_msats(&self) -> u64 {
-               self.contents.amount_msats
+               self.contents.amount_msats()
        }
 
        /// Features pertaining to requesting an invoice.
        pub fn features(&self) -> &InvoiceRequestFeatures {
-               &self.contents.features
+               &self.contents.features()
+       }
+
+       /// The quantity of an item that refund is for.
+       pub fn quantity(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+               self.contents.quantity()
        }
 
-       /// A possibly transient pubkey used to sign the refund.
+       /// A public node id to send to in the case where there are no [`paths`]. Otherwise, a possibly
+       /// transient pubkey.
+       ///
+       /// [`paths`]: Self::paths
        pub fn payer_id(&self) -> PublicKey {
-               self.contents.payer_id
+               self.contents.payer_id()
        }
 
        /// Payer provided note to include in the invoice.
        pub fn payer_note(&self) -> Option<PrintableString> {
-               self.contents.payer_note.as_ref().map(|payer_note| PrintableString(payer_note.as_str()))
+               self.contents.payer_note()
+       }
+}
+
+macro_rules! respond_with_explicit_signing_pubkey_methods { ($self: ident, $builder: ty) => {
+       /// Creates an [`InvoiceBuilder`] for the refund with the given required fields and using the
+       /// [`Duration`] since [`std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH`] as the creation time.
+       ///
+       /// See [`Refund::respond_with_no_std`] for further details where the aforementioned creation
+       /// time is used for the `created_at` parameter.
+       ///
+       /// This is not exported to bindings users as builder patterns don't map outside of move semantics.
+       ///
+       /// [`Duration`]: core::time::Duration
+       #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+       pub fn respond_with(
+               &$self, payment_paths: Vec<(BlindedPayInfo, BlindedPath)>, payment_hash: PaymentHash,
+               signing_pubkey: PublicKey,
+       ) -> Result<$builder, Bolt12SemanticError> {
+               let created_at = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                       .duration_since(std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                       .expect("SystemTime::now() should come after SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH");
+
+               $self.respond_with_no_std(payment_paths, payment_hash, signing_pubkey, created_at)
+       }
+
+       /// Creates an [`InvoiceBuilder`] for the refund with the given required fields.
+       ///
+       /// Unless [`InvoiceBuilder::relative_expiry`] is set, the invoice will expire two hours after
+       /// `created_at`, which is used to set [`Bolt12Invoice::created_at`]. Useful for `no-std` builds
+       /// where [`std::time::SystemTime`] is not available.
+       ///
+       /// The caller is expected to remember the preimage of `payment_hash` in order to
+       /// claim a payment for the invoice.
+       ///
+       /// The `signing_pubkey` is required to sign the invoice since refunds are not in response to an
+       /// offer, which does have a `signing_pubkey`.
+       ///
+       /// The `payment_paths` parameter is useful for maintaining the payment recipient's privacy. It
+       /// must contain one or more elements ordered from most-preferred to least-preferred, if there's
+       /// a preference. Note, however, that any privacy is lost if a public node id is used for
+       /// `signing_pubkey`.
+       ///
+       /// Errors if the request contains unknown required features.
+       ///
+       /// This is not exported to bindings users as builder patterns don't map outside of move semantics.
+       ///
+       /// [`Bolt12Invoice::created_at`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice::created_at
+       pub fn respond_with_no_std(
+               &$self, payment_paths: Vec<(BlindedPayInfo, BlindedPath)>, payment_hash: PaymentHash,
+               signing_pubkey: PublicKey, created_at: Duration
+       ) -> Result<$builder, Bolt12SemanticError> {
+               if $self.features().requires_unknown_bits() {
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnknownRequiredFeatures);
+               }
+
+               <$builder>::for_refund($self, payment_paths, created_at, payment_hash, signing_pubkey)
+       }
+} }
+
+macro_rules! respond_with_derived_signing_pubkey_methods { ($self: ident, $builder: ty) => {
+       /// Creates an [`InvoiceBuilder`] for the refund using the given required fields and that uses
+       /// derived signing keys to sign the [`Bolt12Invoice`].
+       ///
+       /// See [`Refund::respond_with`] for further details.
+       ///
+       /// This is not exported to bindings users as builder patterns don't map outside of move semantics.
+       ///
+       /// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
+       #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+       pub fn respond_using_derived_keys<ES: Deref>(
+               &$self, payment_paths: Vec<(BlindedPayInfo, BlindedPath)>, payment_hash: PaymentHash,
+               expanded_key: &ExpandedKey, entropy_source: ES
+       ) -> Result<$builder, Bolt12SemanticError>
+       where
+               ES::Target: EntropySource,
+       {
+               let created_at = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                       .duration_since(std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                       .expect("SystemTime::now() should come after SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH");
+
+               $self.respond_using_derived_keys_no_std(
+                       payment_paths, payment_hash, created_at, expanded_key, entropy_source
+               )
+       }
+
+       /// Creates an [`InvoiceBuilder`] for the refund using the given required fields and that uses
+       /// derived signing keys to sign the [`Bolt12Invoice`].
+       ///
+       /// See [`Refund::respond_with_no_std`] for further details.
+       ///
+       /// This is not exported to bindings users as builder patterns don't map outside of move semantics.
+       ///
+       /// [`Bolt12Invoice`]: crate::offers::invoice::Bolt12Invoice
+       pub fn respond_using_derived_keys_no_std<ES: Deref>(
+               &$self, payment_paths: Vec<(BlindedPayInfo, BlindedPath)>, payment_hash: PaymentHash,
+               created_at: core::time::Duration, expanded_key: &ExpandedKey, entropy_source: ES
+       ) -> Result<$builder, Bolt12SemanticError>
+       where
+               ES::Target: EntropySource,
+       {
+               if $self.features().requires_unknown_bits() {
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnknownRequiredFeatures);
+               }
+
+               let nonce = Nonce::from_entropy_source(entropy_source);
+               let keys = signer::derive_keys(nonce, expanded_key);
+               <$builder>::for_refund_using_keys($self, payment_paths, created_at, payment_hash, keys)
+       }
+} }
+
+#[cfg(not(c_bindings))]
+impl Refund {
+       respond_with_explicit_signing_pubkey_methods!(self, InvoiceBuilder<ExplicitSigningPubkey>);
+       respond_with_derived_signing_pubkey_methods!(self, InvoiceBuilder<DerivedSigningPubkey>);
+}
+
+#[cfg(c_bindings)]
+impl Refund {
+       respond_with_explicit_signing_pubkey_methods!(self, InvoiceWithExplicitSigningPubkeyBuilder);
+       respond_with_derived_signing_pubkey_methods!(self, InvoiceWithDerivedSigningPubkeyBuilder);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Refund {
+       fn as_tlv_stream(&self) -> RefundTlvStreamRef {
+               self.contents.as_tlv_stream()
        }
 }
 
@@ -150,14 +633,151 @@ impl AsRef<[u8]> for Refund {
        }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for Refund {
+       fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+               self.bytes.eq(&other.bytes)
+       }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Refund {}
+
+impl Hash for Refund {
+       fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+               self.bytes.hash(state);
+       }
+}
+
+impl RefundContents {
+       pub fn description(&self) -> PrintableString {
+               PrintableString(&self.description)
+       }
+
+       pub fn absolute_expiry(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
+               self.absolute_expiry
+       }
+
+       #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+       pub(super) fn is_expired(&self) -> bool {
+               SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH
+                       .elapsed()
+                       .map(|duration_since_epoch| self.is_expired_no_std(duration_since_epoch))
+                       .unwrap_or(false)
+       }
+
+       pub(super) fn is_expired_no_std(&self, duration_since_epoch: Duration) -> bool {
+               self.absolute_expiry
+                       .map(|absolute_expiry| duration_since_epoch > absolute_expiry)
+                       .unwrap_or(false)
+       }
+
+       pub fn issuer(&self) -> Option<PrintableString> {
+               self.issuer.as_ref().map(|issuer| PrintableString(issuer.as_str()))
+       }
+
+       pub fn paths(&self) -> &[BlindedPath] {
+               self.paths.as_ref().map(|paths| paths.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[])
+       }
+
+       pub(super) fn metadata(&self) -> &[u8] {
+               self.payer.0.as_bytes().map(|bytes| bytes.as_slice()).unwrap_or(&[])
+       }
+
+       pub(super) fn chain(&self) -> ChainHash {
+               self.chain.unwrap_or_else(|| self.implied_chain())
+       }
+
+       pub fn implied_chain(&self) -> ChainHash {
+               ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Bitcoin)
+       }
+
+       pub fn amount_msats(&self) -> u64 {
+               self.amount_msats
+       }
+
+       /// Features pertaining to requesting an invoice.
+       pub fn features(&self) -> &InvoiceRequestFeatures {
+               &self.features
+       }
+
+       /// The quantity of an item that refund is for.
+       pub fn quantity(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+               self.quantity
+       }
+
+       /// A public node id to send to in the case where there are no [`paths`]. Otherwise, a possibly
+       /// transient pubkey.
+       ///
+       /// [`paths`]: Self::paths
+       pub fn payer_id(&self) -> PublicKey {
+               self.payer_id
+       }
+
+       /// Payer provided note to include in the invoice.
+       pub fn payer_note(&self) -> Option<PrintableString> {
+               self.payer_note.as_ref().map(|payer_note| PrintableString(payer_note.as_str()))
+       }
+
+       pub(super) fn derives_keys(&self) -> bool {
+               self.payer.0.derives_payer_keys()
+       }
+
+       pub(super) fn as_tlv_stream(&self) -> RefundTlvStreamRef {
+               let payer = PayerTlvStreamRef {
+                       metadata: self.payer.0.as_bytes(),
+               };
+
+               let offer = OfferTlvStreamRef {
+                       chains: None,
+                       metadata: None,
+                       currency: None,
+                       amount: None,
+                       description: Some(&self.description),
+                       features: None,
+                       absolute_expiry: self.absolute_expiry.map(|duration| duration.as_secs()),
+                       paths: self.paths.as_ref(),
+                       issuer: self.issuer.as_ref(),
+                       quantity_max: None,
+                       node_id: None,
+               };
+
+               let features = {
+                       if self.features == InvoiceRequestFeatures::empty() { None }
+                       else { Some(&self.features) }
+               };
+
+               let invoice_request = InvoiceRequestTlvStreamRef {
+                       chain: self.chain.as_ref(),
+                       amount: Some(self.amount_msats),
+                       features,
+                       quantity: self.quantity,
+                       payer_id: Some(&self.payer_id),
+                       payer_note: self.payer_note.as_ref(),
+               };
+
+               (payer, offer, invoice_request)
+       }
+}
+
 impl Writeable for Refund {
        fn write<W: Writer>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
                WithoutLength(&self.bytes).write(writer)
        }
 }
 
+impl Writeable for RefundContents {
+       fn write<W: Writer>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+               self.as_tlv_stream().write(writer)
+       }
+}
+
 type RefundTlvStream = (PayerTlvStream, OfferTlvStream, InvoiceRequestTlvStream);
 
+type RefundTlvStreamRef<'a> = (
+       PayerTlvStreamRef<'a>,
+       OfferTlvStreamRef<'a>,
+       InvoiceRequestTlvStreamRef<'a>,
+);
+
 impl SeekReadable for RefundTlvStream {
        fn read<R: io::Read + io::Seek>(r: &mut R) -> Result<Self, DecodeError> {
                let payer = SeekReadable::read(r)?;
@@ -173,7 +793,7 @@ impl Bech32Encode for Refund {
 }
 
 impl FromStr for Refund {
-       type Err = ParseError;
+       type Err = Bolt12ParseError;
 
        fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, <Self as FromStr>::Err> {
                Refund::from_bech32_str(s)
@@ -181,7 +801,7 @@ impl FromStr for Refund {
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for Refund {
-       type Error = ParseError;
+       type Error = Bolt12ParseError;
 
        fn try_from(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
                let refund = ParsedMessage::<RefundTlvStream>::try_from(bytes)?;
@@ -193,7 +813,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for Refund {
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<RefundTlvStream> for RefundContents {
-       type Error = SemanticError;
+       type Error = Bolt12SemanticError;
 
        fn try_from(tlv_stream: RefundTlvStream) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
                let (
@@ -206,61 +826,59 @@ impl TryFrom<RefundTlvStream> for RefundContents {
                ) = tlv_stream;
 
                let payer = match payer_metadata {
-                       None => return Err(SemanticError::MissingPayerMetadata),
-                       Some(metadata) => PayerContents(metadata),
+                       None => return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingPayerMetadata),
+                       Some(metadata) => PayerContents(Metadata::Bytes(metadata)),
                };
 
+               if metadata.is_some() {
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedMetadata);
+               }
+
                if chains.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedChain);
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedChain);
                }
 
                if currency.is_some() || offer_amount.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedAmount);
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedAmount);
                }
 
                let description = match description {
-                       None => return Err(SemanticError::MissingDescription),
+                       None => return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingDescription),
                        Some(description) => description,
                };
 
                if offer_features.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedFeatures);
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedFeatures);
                }
 
                let absolute_expiry = absolute_expiry.map(Duration::from_secs);
 
                if quantity_max.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedQuantity);
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedQuantity);
                }
 
                if node_id.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedSigningPubkey);
+                       return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedSigningPubkey);
                }
 
                let amount_msats = match amount {
-                       None => return Err(SemanticError::MissingAmount),
+                       None => return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingAmount),
                        Some(amount_msats) if amount_msats > MAX_VALUE_MSAT => {
-                               return Err(SemanticError::InvalidAmount);
+                               return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::InvalidAmount);
                        },
                        Some(amount_msats) => amount_msats,
                };
 
                let features = features.unwrap_or_else(InvoiceRequestFeatures::empty);
 
-               // TODO: Check why this isn't in the spec.
-               if quantity.is_some() {
-                       return Err(SemanticError::UnexpectedQuantity);
-               }
-
                let payer_id = match payer_id {
-                       None => return Err(SemanticError::MissingPayerId),
+                       None => return Err(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingPayerId),
                        Some(payer_id) => payer_id,
                };
 
-               // TODO: Should metadata be included?
                Ok(RefundContents {
-                       payer, metadata, description, absolute_expiry, issuer, paths, chain, amount_msats,
-                       features, payer_id, payer_note,
+                       payer, description, absolute_expiry, issuer, paths, chain, amount_msats, features,
+                       quantity, payer_id, payer_note,
                })
        }
 }
@@ -270,3 +888,620 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for Refund {
                self.fmt_bech32_str(f)
        }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+       use super::{Refund, RefundTlvStreamRef};
+       #[cfg(not(c_bindings))]
+       use {
+               super::RefundBuilder,
+       };
+       #[cfg(c_bindings)]
+       use {
+               super::RefundMaybeWithDerivedMetadataBuilder as RefundBuilder,
+       };
+
+       use bitcoin::blockdata::constants::ChainHash;
+       use bitcoin::network::constants::Network;
+       use bitcoin::secp256k1::{KeyPair, Secp256k1, SecretKey};
+
+       use core::time::Duration;
+
+       use crate::blinded_path::{BlindedHop, BlindedPath, IntroductionNode};
+       use crate::sign::KeyMaterial;
+       use crate::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId;
+       use crate::ln::features::{InvoiceRequestFeatures, OfferFeatures};
+       use crate::ln::inbound_payment::ExpandedKey;
+       use crate::ln::msgs::{DecodeError, MAX_VALUE_MSAT};
+       use crate::offers::invoice_request::InvoiceRequestTlvStreamRef;
+       use crate::offers::offer::OfferTlvStreamRef;
+       use crate::offers::parse::{Bolt12ParseError, Bolt12SemanticError};
+       use crate::offers::payer::PayerTlvStreamRef;
+       use crate::offers::test_utils::*;
+       use crate::util::ser::{BigSize, Writeable};
+       use crate::util::string::PrintableString;
+       use crate::prelude::*;
+
+       trait ToBytes {
+               fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8>;
+       }
+
+       impl<'a> ToBytes for RefundTlvStreamRef<'a> {
+               fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+                       let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+                       self.write(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+                       buffer
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_defaults() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+
+               let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+               refund.write(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+
+               assert_eq!(refund.bytes, buffer.as_slice());
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_metadata(), &[1; 32]);
+               assert_eq!(refund.description(), PrintableString("foo"));
+               assert_eq!(refund.absolute_expiry(), None);
+               #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+               assert!(!refund.is_expired());
+               assert_eq!(refund.paths(), &[]);
+               assert_eq!(refund.issuer(), None);
+               assert_eq!(refund.chain(), ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Bitcoin));
+               assert_eq!(refund.amount_msats(), 1000);
+               assert_eq!(refund.features(), &InvoiceRequestFeatures::empty());
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_id(), payer_pubkey());
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_note(), None);
+
+               assert_eq!(
+                       refund.as_tlv_stream(),
+                       (
+                               PayerTlvStreamRef { metadata: Some(&vec![1; 32]) },
+                               OfferTlvStreamRef {
+                                       chains: None,
+                                       metadata: None,
+                                       currency: None,
+                                       amount: None,
+                                       description: Some(&String::from("foo")),
+                                       features: None,
+                                       absolute_expiry: None,
+                                       paths: None,
+                                       issuer: None,
+                                       quantity_max: None,
+                                       node_id: None,
+                               },
+                               InvoiceRequestTlvStreamRef {
+                                       chain: None,
+                                       amount: Some(1000),
+                                       features: None,
+                                       quantity: None,
+                                       payer_id: Some(&payer_pubkey()),
+                                       payer_note: None,
+                               },
+                       ),
+               );
+
+               if let Err(e) = Refund::try_from(buffer) {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn fails_building_refund_with_invalid_amount() {
+               match RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), MAX_VALUE_MSAT + 1) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => assert_eq!(e, Bolt12SemanticError::InvalidAmount),
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_metadata_derived() {
+               let desc = "foo".to_string();
+               let node_id = payer_pubkey();
+               let expanded_key = ExpandedKey::new(&KeyMaterial([42; 32]));
+               let entropy = FixedEntropy {};
+               let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
+               let payment_id = PaymentId([1; 32]);
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder
+                       ::deriving_payer_id(desc, node_id, &expanded_key, &entropy, &secp_ctx, 1000, payment_id)
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_id(), node_id);
+
+               // Fails verification with altered fields
+               let invoice = refund
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               match invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx) {
+                       Ok(payment_id) => assert_eq!(payment_id, PaymentId([1; 32])),
+                       Err(()) => panic!("verification failed"),
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.2.amount = Some(2000);
+
+               let mut encoded_refund = Vec::new();
+               tlv_stream.write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+
+               let invoice = Refund::try_from(encoded_refund).unwrap()
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               assert!(invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx).is_err());
+
+               // Fails verification with altered metadata
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               let metadata = tlv_stream.0.metadata.unwrap().iter().copied().rev().collect();
+               tlv_stream.0.metadata = Some(&metadata);
+
+               let mut encoded_refund = Vec::new();
+               tlv_stream.write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+
+               let invoice = Refund::try_from(encoded_refund).unwrap()
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               assert!(invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx).is_err());
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_derived_payer_id() {
+               let desc = "foo".to_string();
+               let node_id = payer_pubkey();
+               let expanded_key = ExpandedKey::new(&KeyMaterial([42; 32]));
+               let entropy = FixedEntropy {};
+               let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
+               let payment_id = PaymentId([1; 32]);
+
+               let blinded_path = BlindedPath {
+                       introduction_node: IntroductionNode::NodeId(pubkey(40)),
+                       blinding_point: pubkey(41),
+                       blinded_hops: vec![
+                               BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(43), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 43] },
+                               BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: node_id, encrypted_payload: vec![0; 44] },
+                       ],
+               };
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder
+                       ::deriving_payer_id(desc, node_id, &expanded_key, &entropy, &secp_ctx, 1000, payment_id)
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .path(blinded_path)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               assert_ne!(refund.payer_id(), node_id);
+
+               let invoice = refund
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               match invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx) {
+                       Ok(payment_id) => assert_eq!(payment_id, PaymentId([1; 32])),
+                       Err(()) => panic!("verification failed"),
+               }
+
+               // Fails verification with altered fields
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.2.amount = Some(2000);
+
+               let mut encoded_refund = Vec::new();
+               tlv_stream.write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+
+               let invoice = Refund::try_from(encoded_refund).unwrap()
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               assert!(invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx).is_err());
+
+               // Fails verification with altered payer_id
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               let payer_id = pubkey(1);
+               tlv_stream.2.payer_id = Some(&payer_id);
+
+               let mut encoded_refund = Vec::new();
+               tlv_stream.write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+
+               let invoice = Refund::try_from(encoded_refund).unwrap()
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+                       .unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .sign(recipient_sign).unwrap();
+               assert!(invoice.verify(&expanded_key, &secp_ctx).is_err());
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_absolute_expiry() {
+               let future_expiry = Duration::from_secs(u64::max_value());
+               let past_expiry = Duration::from_secs(0);
+               let now = future_expiry - Duration::from_secs(1_000);
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .absolute_expiry(future_expiry)
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               let (_, tlv_stream, _) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+               assert!(!refund.is_expired());
+               assert!(!refund.is_expired_no_std(now));
+               assert_eq!(refund.absolute_expiry(), Some(future_expiry));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.absolute_expiry, Some(future_expiry.as_secs()));
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .absolute_expiry(future_expiry)
+                       .absolute_expiry(past_expiry)
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               let (_, tlv_stream, _) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+               assert!(refund.is_expired());
+               assert!(refund.is_expired_no_std(now));
+               assert_eq!(refund.absolute_expiry(), Some(past_expiry));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.absolute_expiry, Some(past_expiry.as_secs()));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_paths() {
+               let paths = vec![
+                       BlindedPath {
+                               introduction_node: IntroductionNode::NodeId(pubkey(40)),
+                               blinding_point: pubkey(41),
+                               blinded_hops: vec![
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(43), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 43] },
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(44), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 44] },
+                               ],
+                       },
+                       BlindedPath {
+                               introduction_node: IntroductionNode::NodeId(pubkey(40)),
+                               blinding_point: pubkey(41),
+                               blinded_hops: vec![
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(45), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 45] },
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(46), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 46] },
+                               ],
+                       },
+               ];
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .path(paths[0].clone())
+                       .path(paths[1].clone())
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               let (_, offer_tlv_stream, invoice_request_tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.paths(), paths.as_slice());
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_id(), pubkey(42));
+               assert_ne!(pubkey(42), pubkey(44));
+               assert_eq!(offer_tlv_stream.paths, Some(&paths));
+               assert_eq!(invoice_request_tlv_stream.payer_id, Some(&pubkey(42)));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_issuer() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .issuer("bar".into())
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               let (_, tlv_stream, _) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.issuer(), Some(PrintableString("bar")));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.issuer, Some(&String::from("bar")));
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .issuer("bar".into())
+                       .issuer("baz".into())
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               let (_, tlv_stream, _) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.issuer(), Some(PrintableString("baz")));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.issuer, Some(&String::from("baz")));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_chain() {
+               let mainnet = ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Bitcoin);
+               let testnet = ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Testnet);
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .chain(Network::Bitcoin)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.chain(), mainnet);
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.chain, None);
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .chain(Network::Testnet)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.chain(), testnet);
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.chain, Some(&testnet));
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .chain(Network::Regtest)
+                       .chain(Network::Testnet)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.chain(), testnet);
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.chain, Some(&testnet));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_quantity() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .quantity(10)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.quantity(), Some(10));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.quantity, Some(10));
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .quantity(10)
+                       .quantity(1)
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.quantity(), Some(1));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.quantity, Some(1));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn builds_refund_with_payer_note() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .payer_note("bar".into())
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_note(), Some(PrintableString("bar")));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.payer_note, Some(&String::from("bar")));
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .payer_note("bar".into())
+                       .payer_note("baz".into())
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               let (_, _, tlv_stream) = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               assert_eq!(refund.payer_note(), Some(PrintableString("baz")));
+               assert_eq!(tlv_stream.payer_note, Some(&String::from("baz")));
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn fails_responding_with_unknown_required_features() {
+               match RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .features_unchecked(InvoiceRequestFeatures::unknown())
+                       .build().unwrap()
+                       .respond_with_no_std(payment_paths(), payment_hash(), recipient_pubkey(), now())
+               {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => assert_eq!(e, Bolt12SemanticError::UnknownRequiredFeatures),
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn parses_refund_with_metadata() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               if let Err(e) = refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.0.metadata = None;
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingPayerMetadata));
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn parses_refund_with_description() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               if let Err(e) = refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.description = None;
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingDescription));
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn parses_refund_with_amount() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               if let Err(e) = refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.2.amount = None;
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingAmount));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.2.amount = Some(MAX_VALUE_MSAT + 1);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::InvalidAmount));
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn parses_refund_with_payer_id() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               if let Err(e) = refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.2.payer_id = None;
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::MissingPayerId));
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn parses_refund_with_optional_fields() {
+               let past_expiry = Duration::from_secs(0);
+               let paths = vec![
+                       BlindedPath {
+                               introduction_node: IntroductionNode::NodeId(pubkey(40)),
+                               blinding_point: pubkey(41),
+                               blinded_hops: vec![
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(43), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 43] },
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(44), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 44] },
+                               ],
+                       },
+                       BlindedPath {
+                               introduction_node: IntroductionNode::NodeId(pubkey(40)),
+                               blinding_point: pubkey(41),
+                               blinded_hops: vec![
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(45), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 45] },
+                                       BlindedHop { blinded_node_id: pubkey(46), encrypted_payload: vec![0; 46] },
+                               ],
+                       },
+               ];
+
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .absolute_expiry(past_expiry)
+                       .issuer("bar".into())
+                       .path(paths[0].clone())
+                       .path(paths[1].clone())
+                       .chain(Network::Testnet)
+                       .features_unchecked(InvoiceRequestFeatures::unknown())
+                       .quantity(10)
+                       .payer_note("baz".into())
+                       .build()
+                       .unwrap();
+               match refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       Ok(refund) => {
+                               assert_eq!(refund.absolute_expiry(), Some(past_expiry));
+                               #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+                               assert!(refund.is_expired());
+                               assert_eq!(refund.paths(), &paths[..]);
+                               assert_eq!(refund.issuer(), Some(PrintableString("bar")));
+                               assert_eq!(refund.chain(), ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Testnet));
+                               assert_eq!(refund.features(), &InvoiceRequestFeatures::unknown());
+                               assert_eq!(refund.quantity(), Some(10));
+                               assert_eq!(refund.payer_note(), Some(PrintableString("baz")));
+                       },
+                       Err(e) => panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e),
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn fails_parsing_refund_with_unexpected_fields() {
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], payer_pubkey(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+               if let Err(e) = refund.to_string().parse::<Refund>() {
+                       panic!("error parsing refund: {:?}", e);
+               }
+
+               let metadata = vec![42; 32];
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.metadata = Some(&metadata);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedMetadata));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let chains = vec![ChainHash::using_genesis_block(Network::Testnet)];
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.chains = Some(&chains);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedChain));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.currency = Some(&b"USD");
+               tlv_stream.1.amount = Some(1000);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedAmount));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let features = OfferFeatures::unknown();
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.features = Some(&features);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedFeatures));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.quantity_max = Some(10);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedQuantity));
+                       },
+               }
+
+               let node_id = payer_pubkey();
+               let mut tlv_stream = refund.as_tlv_stream();
+               tlv_stream.1.node_id = Some(&node_id);
+
+               match Refund::try_from(tlv_stream.to_bytes()) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => {
+                               assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidSemantics(Bolt12SemanticError::UnexpectedSigningPubkey));
+                       },
+               }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn fails_parsing_refund_with_extra_tlv_records() {
+               let secp_ctx = Secp256k1::new();
+               let keys = KeyPair::from_secret_key(&secp_ctx, &SecretKey::from_slice(&[42; 32]).unwrap());
+               let refund = RefundBuilder::new("foo".into(), vec![1; 32], keys.public_key(), 1000).unwrap()
+                       .build().unwrap();
+
+               let mut encoded_refund = Vec::new();
+               refund.write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+               BigSize(1002).write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+               BigSize(32).write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+               [42u8; 32].write(&mut encoded_refund).unwrap();
+
+               match Refund::try_from(encoded_refund) {
+                       Ok(_) => panic!("expected error"),
+                       Err(e) => assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::Decode(DecodeError::InvalidValue)),
+               }
+       }
+}