_ Git - dnssec-prover/blob - src/validation.rs

   1 //! Utilities to deserialize and validate RFC 9102 proofs
   2
   3 use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
   4 use alloc::vec::Vec;
   5 use alloc::vec;
   6 use core::cmp;
   7
   8 use ring::signature;
   9
  10 use crate::rr::*;
  11 use crate::ser::write_name;
  12
  13 /// Gets the trusted root anchors
  14 ///
  15 /// These are available at <https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml>
  16 pub fn root_hints() -> Vec<DS> {
  17         #[allow(unused_mut)]
  18         let mut res = vec![DS {
  19                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19036, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
  20                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5").to_vec(),
  21         }, DS {
  22                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 20326, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
  23                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("E06D44B80B8F1D39A95C0B0D7C65D08458E880409BBC683457104237C7F8EC8D").to_vec(),
  24         }];
  25         // In tests, add the trust anchor from RFC 9102
  26         #[cfg(test)]
  27         res.push(DS {
  28                 name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 47005, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
  29                 digest: hex_lit::hex!("2eb6e9f2480126691594d649a5a613de3052e37861634641bb568746f2ffc4d4").to_vec(),
  30         });
  31         res
  32 }
  33
  34 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
  35 /// An error when validating DNSSEC signatures or other data
  36 pub enum ValidationError {
  37         /// An algorithm used in signing was not supported.
  38         ///
  39         /// In general DNS usage the resulting data should be used anyway, as we were able to verify
  40         /// that a zone wished to use the unsupported algorithm.
  41         ///
  42         /// However, in cases where signing is mandatory, this can be treated as an error.
  43         UnsupportedAlgorithm,
  44         /// The provided data was invalid or signatures did not validate.
  45         Invalid,
  46 }
  47
  48 pub(crate) fn bytes_to_rsa_pk<'a>(pubkey: &'a [u8])
  49 -> Result<signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents<&'a [u8]>, ()> {
  50         if pubkey.len() <= 3 { return Err(()); }
  51
  52         let mut pos = 0;
  53         let exponent_length;
  54         if pubkey[0] == 0 {
  55                 exponent_length = ((pubkey[1] as usize) << 8) | (pubkey[2] as usize);
  56                 pos += 3;
  57         } else {
  58                 exponent_length = pubkey[0] as usize;
  59                 pos += 1;
  60         }
  61
  62         if pubkey.len() <= pos + exponent_length { return Err(()); }
  63         Ok(signature::RsaPublicKeyComponents {
  64                 n: &pubkey[pos + exponent_length..],
  65                 e: &pubkey[pos..pos + exponent_length]
  66         })
  67 }
  68
  69 fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: Record, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
  70 -> Result<(), ValidationError>
  71 where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
  72         for record in records.iter() {
  73                 if sig.ty != record.ty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
  74         }
  75         for dnskey in dnskeys.into_iter() {
  76                 if dnskey.key_tag() == sig.key_tag {
  77                         // Protocol must be 3, otherwise its not DNSSEC
  78                         if dnskey.protocol != 3 { continue; }
  79                         // The ZONE flag must be set if we're going to validate RRs with this key.
  80                         if dnskey.flags & 0b1_0000_0000 == 0 { continue; }
  81                         if dnskey.alg != sig.alg { continue; }
  82
  83                         let mut signed_data = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
  84                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
  85                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
  86                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes());
  87                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
  88                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes());
  89                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
  90                         signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
  91                         write_name(&mut signed_data, &sig.key_name);
  92
  93                         records.sort_unstable();
  94
  95                         for record in records.iter() {
  96                                 let record_labels = record.name().labels() as usize;
  97                                 let labels = sig.labels.into();
  98                                 if record_labels != labels {
  99                                         if record_labels < labels { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 100                                         let signed_name = record.name().trailing_n_labels(sig.labels);
 101                                         debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
 102                                         if let Some(name) = signed_name {
 103                                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(b"\x01*");
 104                                                 write_name(&mut signed_data, name);
 105                                         } else { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 106                                 } else {
 107                                         write_name(&mut signed_data, record.name());
 108                                 }
 109                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
 110                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
 111                                 signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
 112                                 record.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&mut signed_data);
 113                         }
 114
 115                         let sig_validation = match sig.alg {
 116                                 8|10 => {
 117                                         let alg = if sig.alg == 8 {
 118                                                 &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA256_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
 119                                         } else {
 120                                                 &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA512_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
 121                                         };
 122                                         bytes_to_rsa_pk(&dnskey.pubkey).map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?
 123                                                 .verify(alg, &signed_data, &sig.signature)
 124                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
 125                                 },
 126                                 13|14 => {
 127                                         let alg = if sig.alg == 13 {
 128                                                 &signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED
 129                                         } else {
 130                                                 &signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_FIXED
 131                                         };
 132
 133                                         // Add 0x4 identifier to the ECDSA pubkey as expected by ring.
 134                                         let mut key = Vec::with_capacity(dnskey.pubkey.len() + 1);
 135                                         key.push(0x4);
 136                                         key.extend_from_slice(&dnskey.pubkey);
 137
 138                                         signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &key)
 139                                                 .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
 140                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
 141                                 },
 142                                 15 => {
 143                                         signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &dnskey.pubkey)
 144                                                 .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
 145                                                 .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)
 146                                 },
 147                                 _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
 148                         };
 149                         #[cfg(fuzzing)] {
 150                                 // When fuzzing, treat any signature starting with a 1 as valid, but only after
 151                                 // parsing and checking signatures to give that code a chance to panic.
 152                                 if sig.signature.get(0) == Some(&1) {
 153                                         return Ok(());
 154                                 }
 155                         }
 156                         sig_validation?;
 157
 158                         return Ok(());
 159                 }
 160         }
 161         Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
 162 }
 163
 164 fn verify_dnskey_rrsig<'a, T, I>(sig: &RRSig, dses: T, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
 165 -> Result<(), ValidationError>
 166 where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
 167         let mut validated_dnskeys = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
 168         let dses = dses.into_iter();
 169
 170         let mut had_known_digest_type = false;
 171         let mut had_ds = false;
 172         for ds in dses.clone() {
 173                 had_ds = true;
 174                 if ds.digest_type == 1 || ds.digest_type == 2 || ds.digest_type == 4 {
 175                         had_known_digest_type = true;
 176                         break;
 177                 }
 178         }
 179         if !had_ds { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 180         if !had_known_digest_type { return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm); }
 181
 182         for dnskey in records.iter() {
 183                 // Only use SHA1 DS records if we don't have any SHA256/SHA384 DS RRs.
 184                 let trust_sha1 = dses.clone().all(|ds| ds.digest_type != 2 && ds.digest_type != 4);
 185                 for ds in dses.clone() {
 186                         if ds.alg != dnskey.alg { continue; }
 187                         if dnskey.key_tag() == ds.key_tag {
 188                                 let alg = match ds.digest_type {
 189                                         1 if trust_sha1 => &ring::digest::SHA1_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY,
 190                                         2 => &ring::digest::SHA256,
 191                                         4 => &ring::digest::SHA384,
 192                                         _ => continue,
 193                                 };
 194                                 let mut ctx = ring::digest::Context::new(alg);
 195                                 write_name(&mut ctx, &dnskey.name);
 196                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.flags.to_be_bytes());
 197                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.protocol.to_be_bytes());
 198                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.alg.to_be_bytes());
 199                                 ctx.update(&dnskey.pubkey);
 200                                 let hash = ctx.finish();
 201                                 if hash.as_ref() == &ds.digest {
 202                                         validated_dnskeys.push(*dnskey);
 203                                         break;
 204                                 }
 205                         }
 206                 }
 207         }
 208         verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().map(|k| *k), records)
 209 }
 210
 211 /// Given a set of [`RR`]s, [`verify_rr_stream`] checks what it can and returns the set of
 212 /// non-[`RRSig`]/[`DnsKey`]/[`DS`] records which it was able to verify using this struct.
 213 ///
 214 /// It also contains signing and expiry times, which must be validated before considering the
 215 /// contained records verified.
 216 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 217 pub struct VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
 218         /// The set of verified [`RR`]s.
 219         ///
 220         /// These are not valid unless the current UNIX time is between [`Self::valid_from`] and
 221         /// [`Self::expires`].
 222         pub verified_rrs: Vec<&'a RR>,
 223         /// The latest [`RRSig::inception`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
 224         /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
 225         ///
 226         /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is before
 227         /// the current UNIX time.
 228         ///
 229         /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
 230         pub valid_from: u64,
 231         /// The earliest [`RRSig::expiration`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
 232         /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
 233         ///
 234         /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is after
 235         /// the current UNIX time.
 236         ///
 237         /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
 238         pub expires: u64,
 239         /// The minimum [`RRSig::orig_ttl`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
 240         /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
 241         ///
 242         /// Any caching of [`Self::verified_rrs`] must not last longer than this value, in seconds.
 243         pub max_cache_ttl: u32,
 244 }
 245
 246 fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
 247         // RFC 2065 was published in January 1997, so we arbitrarily use that as a cutoff and assume
 248         // any timestamps before then are actually past 2106 instead.
 249         // We ignore leap years for simplicity.
 250         if time < 60*60*24*365*27 {
 251                 (time as u64) + (u32::MAX as u64)
 252         } else {
 253                 time.into()
 254         }
 255 }
 256
 257 /// Verifies the given set of resource records.
 258 ///
 259 /// Given a set of arbitrary records, this attempts to validate DNSSEC data from the [`root_hints`]
 260 /// through to any supported non-DNSSEC record types.
 261 ///
 262 /// All records which could be validated are returned, though if an error is found validating any
 263 /// contained record, only `Err` will be returned.
 264 ///
 265 /// You MUST check that the current UNIX time is between [`VerifiedRRStream::valid_from`] and
 266 /// [`VerifiedRRStream::expires`].
 267 pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, ValidationError> {
 268         let mut zone = ".";
 269         let mut res = Vec::new();
 270         let mut pending_ds_sets = Vec::with_capacity(1);
 271         let mut latest_inception = 0;
 272         let mut earliest_expiry = u64::MAX;
 273         let mut min_ttl = u32::MAX;
 274         'next_zone: while zone == "." || !pending_ds_sets.is_empty() {
 275                 let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
 276                 let next_ds_set;
 277                 if let Some((next_zone, ds_set)) = pending_ds_sets.pop() {
 278                         next_ds_set = Some(ds_set);
 279                         zone = next_zone;
 280                 } else {
 281                         debug_assert_eq!(zone, ".");
 282                         next_ds_set = None;
 283                 }
 284
 285                 for rrsig in inp.iter()
 286                         .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
 287                         .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE)
 288                 {
 289                         let dnskeys = inp.iter()
 290                                 .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
 291                                 .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.as_str() == zone);
 292                         let dnskeys_verified = if zone == "." {
 293                                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, &root_hints(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
 294                         } else {
 295                                 debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
 296                                 if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
 297                                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
 298                         };
 299                         if dnskeys_verified.is_ok() {
 300                                 latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
 301                                 earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
 302                                 min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
 303                                 for rrsig in inp.iter()
 304                                         .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
 305                                         .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty != DnsKey::TYPE)
 306                                 {
 307                                         if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
 308                                         let signed_records = inp.iter()
 309                                                 .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
 310                                         verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect())?;
 311                                         latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
 312                                         earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
 313                                         min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
 314                                         match rrsig.ty {
 315                                                 // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
 316                                                 RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
 317                                                 DS::TYPE => {
 318                                                         if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.as_str()) {
 319                                                                 pending_ds_sets.push((
 320                                                                         &rrsig.name,
 321                                                                         signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
 322                                                                                 if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
 323                                                                                 else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
 324                                                                 ));
 325                                                         }
 326                                                 },
 327                                                 _ => {
 328                                                         for record in signed_records {
 329                                                                 if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
 330                                                         }
 331                                                 },
 332                                         }
 333                                 }
 334                                 continue 'next_zone;
 335                         } else if dnskeys_verified == Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) {
 336                                 // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't supprt
 337                                 // and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are no more,
 338                                 // return UnsupportedAlgorithm
 339                                 found_unsupported_alg = true;
 340                         } else {
 341                                 // We don't explicitly handle invalid signatures here, instead we move on to the
 342                                 // next RRSig (if there is one) and return `Invalid` if no `RRSig`s match.
 343                         }
 344                 }
 345                 // No RRSigs were able to verify our DnsKey set
 346                 if found_unsupported_alg {
 347                         return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm);
 348                 } else {
 349                         return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
 350                 }
 351         }
 352         if res.is_empty() { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
 353         else if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
 354         else {
 355                 Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
 356                         verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
 357                         max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
 358                 })
 359         }
 360 }
 361
 362 impl<'a> VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
 363         /// Given a name, resolve any [`CName`] records and return any verified records which were
 364         /// pointed to by the original name.
 365         ///
 366         /// Note that because of [`CName`]s, the [`RR::name`] in the returned records may or may not be
 367         /// equal to `name`.
 368         ///
 369         /// You MUST still check that the current UNIX time is between
 370         /// [`VerifiedRRStream::valid_from`] and [`VerifiedRRStream::expires`] before
 371         /// using any records returned here.
 372         pub fn resolve_name<'b>(&self, name_param: &'b Name) -> Vec<&'a RR> where 'a: 'b {
 373                 let mut dname_name;
 374                 let mut name = name_param;
 375                 loop {
 376                         let mut cname_search = self.verified_rrs.iter()
 377                                 .filter(|rr| rr.name() == name)
 378                                 .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::CName(cn) = rr { Some(cn) } else { None });
 379                         if let Some(cname) = cname_search.next() {
 380                                 name = &cname.canonical_name;
 381                                 continue;
 382                         }
 383
 384                         let mut dname_search = self.verified_rrs.iter()
 385                                 .filter(|rr| name.ends_with(&**rr.name()))
 386                                 .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DName(dn) = rr { Some(dn) } else { None });
 387                         if let Some(dname) = dname_search.next() {
 388                                 let prefix = name.strip_suffix(&*dname.name).expect("We just filtered for this");
 389                                 let resolved_name = prefix.to_owned() + &dname.delegation_name;
 390                                 dname_name = if let Ok(name) = resolved_name.try_into() {
 391                                         name
 392                                 } else {
 393                                         // This should only happen if the combined name ended up being too long
 394                                         return Vec::new();
 395                                 };
 396                                 name = &dname_name;
 397                                 continue;
 398                         }
 399
 400                         return self.verified_rrs.iter().filter(|rr| rr.name() == name).map(|rr| *rr).collect();
 401                 }
 402         }
 403 }
 404
 405 #[cfg(test)]
 406 mod tests {
 407         #![allow(deprecated)]
 408
 409         use super::*;
 410
 411         use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
 412
 413         use crate::ser::{parse_rr_stream, write_rr};
 414
 415         use hex_conservative::FromHex;
 416         use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 417
 418         fn root_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 419                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 420                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 421                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAentCcIEndLh2QSK+pHFq/PkKCwioxt75d7qNOUuTPMo0Fcte/NbwDPbocvbZ/eNb5RV/xQdapaJASQ/oDLsqzD0H1+JkHNuuKc2JLtpMxg4glSE4CnRXT2CnFTW5IwOREL+zeqZHy68OXy5ngW5KALbevRYRg/q2qFezRtCSQ0knmyPwgFsghVYLKwi116oxwEU5yZ6W7npWMxt5Z+Qs8diPNWrS5aXLgJtrWUGIIuFfuZwXYziGRP/z3o1EfMo9zZU19KLopkoLXX7Ls/diCXdSEdJXTtFA8w0/OKQviuJebfKscoElCTswukVZ1VX5gbaFEo2xWhHJ9Uo63wYaTk=").unwrap(),
 422                 }, DnsKey {
 423                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 424                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU=").unwrap(),
 425                 }];
 426                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 427                         name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 0, orig_ttl: 172800,
 428                         expiration: 1709337600, inception: 1707523200, key_tag: 20326, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
 429                         signature: base64::decode("QXPpi2A4jXgS6/aH5ZPCT/iOr75XYdk9kxemYrLaVaUAiaOVLDcArPOC8vyv6BKrK0Mq/lht2ql/XARVokC97n1W7B7tpzTpsZle7Z9cTSvbQefI/vVmFZwp+4+mad2f+Tqa0ApQLWaFXEdrJ4IThswbIwpNp8e1w9HwTZHT/B5Jve+v3CLf8o73ScYaVebC5c76Ifh6M5lAknazUWJ9/j5vQ6yInQpcUR3t520HL+KPEcDfmDXB6GOLr/Psdk8QCfB3LJ4heDCaI0H+ae/YPzedpnihAVP+hzhlOzZ0vpj7QOh4lTQjN7UzWNY9XbK+EhZHXRQmCmYydAUP6FpMmQ==").unwrap(),
 430                 };
 431                 let root_hints = root_hints();
 432                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 433                 let rrs = vec![dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 434                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 435         }
 436
 437         fn com_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 438                 let root_dnskeys = root_dnskey().0;
 439                 let mut com_ds = vec![DS {
 440                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19718, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 441                         digest: Vec::from_hex("8ACBB0CD28F41250A80A491389424D341522D946B0DA0C0291F2D3D771D7805A").unwrap(),
 442                 }];
 443                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 444                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
 445                         expiration: 1708794000, inception: 1707667200, key_tag: 30903, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
 446                         signature: base64::decode("RT9N7xNToOdDHGw+/gvWCeEk+HXR/VBlAymFR2OWaYCVD6FUXlAw4OZkvJPqpsA465R1+CApbWu0vsG3Op949QNqU0tDOZcnO3+dyf0vimQX8pI0XMwtrUM/KHkHHb+EWKywNHsMqOo83+b428YHtkidVXeToz/xjFTJLbAlgNJCAiq3FGuHo/x2fnccBiZB2spfW7Og6nhOBqAy5tUualgaCxMX3j5ZDoQ259HhVgbYdQvjd7H9sj0C4UHxm8Y0XY5J1gRnWIuylN1oLzwIqizGFPbknvFXA/GXfk3KInlpQoCnXWwHe8ZBEgxqcgJ8YLRDU8bj+bJ4nol53yntcA==").unwrap(),
 447                 };
 448                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &root_dnskeys, com_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 449                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 450                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 451                         pubkey: base64::decode("5i9qjJgyH+9MBz7VO269/srLQB/xRRllyUoVq8oLBZshPe4CGzDSFGnXAM3L/QPzB9ULpJuuy7jcxmBZ5Ebo7A==").unwrap(),
 452                 }, DnsKey {
 453                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 454                         pubkey: base64::decode("tx8EZRAd2+K/DJRV0S+hbBzaRPS/G6JVNBitHzqpsGlz8huE61Ms9ANe6NSDLKJtiTBqfTJWDAywEp1FCsEINQ==").unwrap(),
 455                 }];
 456                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 457                         name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
 458                         expiration: 1708614155, inception: 1707317855, key_tag: 19718, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 459                         signature: base64::decode("z1l579YFyZ1bD345+zwNUiGJQ9SAoSBdhfelmo9+cLFHF9wwtr/rJnsHt/T/75zCxzAXZGHw6FFcH5ZCe/mH4A==").unwrap(),
 460                 };
 461                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 462                 let rrs = vec![com_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 463                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 464                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 465         }
 466
 467         fn ninja_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 468                 let root_dnskeys = root_dnskey().0;
 469                 let mut ninja_ds = vec![DS {
 470                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 46082, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
 471                         digest: Vec::from_hex("C8F816A7A575BDB2F997F682AAB2653BA2CB5EDDB69B036A30742A33BEFAF141").unwrap(),
 472                 }];
 473                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 474                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
 475                         expiration: 1708794000, inception: 1707667200, key_tag: 30903, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
 476                         signature: base64::decode("FO6kj+2lJF/VSDwkwh+h8NpkCzk9x7DES/3LQFnJf4NOnY7W+m86Usy79CP5t8YMiKZweOlUd8rmd1PkrX1zf0sQxqdWFPpKiDxh/tyhkyV/FiN8vvtXMaIUeDFWXTBM/Rap2oHigiRDsHwOd8fnG1+8bkY7HtXx54EZvieRZAvZd17wBj3L75UQHwIxJwpzbeZOF3583wcWoPOX70pp4Xzeryok0P++Qr7VPUpzEHAe4v4JePlODau38qyI1Bzr2pBQiTSgpBUI5vTtoGC4+aEMXjc0OBt6kMjncQA6B8GNqUqnBgfTdNNhXYFTWekBAres5w5SvVOKeS3no1eIRw==").unwrap(),
 477                 };
 478                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &root_dnskeys, ninja_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 479                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 480                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 481                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAZlkeshgX2Q9i/X4zZMc2ciKO2a3+mOiOCuYHYbwt/43XXdcHdjtOUrWFFJkGBBWsHQZ/Bg0CeUGqvUGywd3ndY5IAX+e7PnuIUlhKDcNmntcQbxhrH+cpmOoB3Xo/96JoVjurPxTuJE23I1oA+0aESc581f4pKEbTp4WI7m5xNn").unwrap(),
 482                 }, DnsKey {
 483                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 484                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAb6FWe0O0qxUkA+LghF71OPWt0WNqBaCi34HCV6Agjz70RN/j7yGi3xCExM8MkzyrbXd5yYFP4X7TCGEzI5ofLNq7GVIj9laZO0WYS8DNdCMN7qkVVaYeR2UeeGsdvIJqRWzlynABAKnCzX+y5np77FBsle4cAIGxJE/0F5kn61F").unwrap(),
 485                 }, DnsKey {
 486                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
 487                         pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAcceTJ3Ekkmiez70L8uNVrTDrHZxXHrQHEHQ1DJZDRXDxizuSy0prDXy1yybMqcKAkPL0IruvJ9vHg5j2eHN/hM8RVqCQ1wHgLdQASyUL37VtmLuyNmuiFpYmT+njXVh/tzRHZ4cFxrLAtACWDe6YaPApnVkJ0FEcMnKCQaymBaLX02WQOYuG3XdBr5mQQTtMs/kR/oh83QBcSxyCg3KS7G8IPP6MQPK0za94gsW9zlI5rgN2gpSjbU2qViGjDhw7N3PsC37PLTSLirUmkufeMkP9sfhDjAbP7Nv6FmpTDAIRmBmV0HBT/YNBTUBP89DmEDsrYL8knjkrOaLqV5wgkk=").unwrap(),
 488                 }];
 489                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 490                         name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 3600,
 491                         expiration: 1709309122, inception: 1707491122, key_tag: 46082, key_name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 492                         signature: base64::decode("tZjyFUaRDCFZ8heFd5qWQs5CKAZHEzdv3OcR3IRcyfIebRkpPjXM/Wi/0cPnKkEh7PQx+GK3ZRsSz8Sd0VEmmH/DapTh5Fn+ZR7znnGVGDU7xvHRQZaIB33MMTqLBkKkjDkWi+G7cYe7PbfWRh5JOvcyUSZ21eKlAInaOJYrc9WNydN6EnXhDoMZJK8GWrM8AJdKJjpopqH3iEuu73WI9JZJQtzo4vdGyYwHvYAu9x14zCY1uKcBoCaohjP4K7KRvl+aRQETY175yFBfeCneExb2SJI6wMVEWwlQbeMImn2jmPjGcm0cZjYL6v+jj4T7Yq2xZirdvHoCtIeCXwv5Dg==").unwrap(),
 493                 };
 494                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 495                 let rrs = vec![ninja_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 496                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskeys[2].clone().into(),
 497                         dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 498                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 499         }
 500
 501         fn mattcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 502                 let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
 503                 let mut mattcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
 504                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 25630, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 505                         digest: Vec::from_hex("DC608CA62BE89B3B9DB1593F9A59930D24FBA79D486E19C88A7792711EC00735").unwrap(),
 506                 }];
 507                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 508                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
 509                         expiration: 1707976967, inception: 1707367967, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 510                         signature: base64::decode("QtgzO1czEOcGxvjuSqW4AlEMYr1gDSPRwYPvhmZOe06QU3dfXppv/+wEr1DNKY6BCjQ7fVXx0YFb7T3NfmLbHQ==").unwrap(),
 511                 };
 512                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, mattcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 513                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 514                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 515                         pubkey: base64::decode("8BP51Etiu4V6cHvGCYqwNqCip4pvHChjEgkgG4zpdDvO9YRcTGuV/p71hAUut2/qEdxqXfUOT/082BJ/Z089DA==").unwrap(),
 516                 }, DnsKey {
 517                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 518                         pubkey: base64::decode("AhUlQ8qk7413R0m4zKfTDHb/FQRlKag+ncGXxNxT+qTzSZTb9E5IGjo9VCEp6+IMqqpkd4GrXpN9AzDvlcU9Ig==").unwrap(),
 519                 }];
 520                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 521                         name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
 522                         expiration: 1708794127, inception: 1707579127, key_tag: 25630, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 523                         signature: base64::decode("aYgXNubpwB8RJMiE+pFl1/p40gfE6ov9riMGdIl+H7Ys+hvX+NYR+cJNBpfSeqOIXqPJqxnbEyZ1HE8LvK7i8g==").unwrap(),
 524                 };
 525                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 526                 let rrs = vec![mattcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 527                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 528                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 529         }
 530
 531         fn mattcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 532                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 533                         name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 534                         data: "bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 535                 };
 536                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 537                         name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 538                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 5, orig_ttl: 3600, expiration: 1708638126,
 539                         inception: 1707423126, key_tag: 47959, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
 540                         signature: base64::decode("DsVKNjv4e3m2sJyTPw9b4tpoDW/o/TrwLfFEQe1zOUn43kGqqCNUX1DqsaAtOeLlBuCVWEo1uT2qVc8MijH5ig==").unwrap(),
 541                 };
 542                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 543         }
 544
 545         fn bitcoin_ninja_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
 546                 let ninja_dnskeys = ninja_dnskey().0;
 547                 let mut bitcoin_ninja_ds = vec![DS {
 548                         name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 63175, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
 549                         digest: Vec::from_hex("D554267D7F730B9602BF4436F46BB967EFE3C4202CA7F082F2D5DD24DF4EBDED").unwrap(),
 550                 }];
 551                 let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
 552                         name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 3600,
 553                         expiration: 1709309122, inception: 1707491122, key_tag: 34164, key_name: "ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 554                         signature: base64::decode("QDFgNQkC5IWkMH8VaOifnIbA+K/OnrPwQwAEwlTTtvXwElC+spF6rKSE1O26+vAIiGbY3LkwcVQHf3pQcgwS3gR3jbzaxyDAQ2RjshLaBJ/gA5BJA0lWyHKsQpmzBpcKf2XnRK6ZY6sUDrWURMoZp3+8qhWJux/3X3aKkr7ADU0=").unwrap(),
 555                 };
 556                 verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &ninja_dnskeys, bitcoin_ninja_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 557                 let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
 558                         name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 559                         pubkey: base64::decode("0lIZI5BH7kk75R/+1RMReQE0J2iQw0lY2aQ6eCM7F1E9ZMNcIGC1cDl5+FcAU1mP8F3Ws2FjgvCC0S2q8OBF2Q==").unwrap(),
 560                 }, DnsKey {
 561                         name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
 562                         pubkey: base64::decode("zbm2rKgzXDtRFV0wFmnlUMdOXWcNKEjGIHsZ7bAnTzbh7TJEzPctSttCaTvdaORxLL4AiOk+VG2iXnL2UuC/xQ==").unwrap(),
 563                 }];
 564                 let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
 565                         name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
 566                         expiration: 1708917507, inception: 1707702507, key_tag: 63175, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 567                         signature: base64::decode("h969M0tQu+hRyxhJi5aXroNIiyy2BbKpryAoMxZonuYC+orG6R5rIDE1EUzrp7rTZBKnykgHqkSF1klUK/OMyQ==").unwrap(),
 568                 };
 569                 verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &bitcoin_ninja_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 570                 let rrs = vec![bitcoin_ninja_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
 571                         dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
 572                 (dnskeys, rrs)
 573         }
 574
 575         fn bitcoin_ninja_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 576                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 577                         name: "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 578                         data: "dnssec_prover_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 579                 };
 580                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 581                         name: "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 582                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 583                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 584                         signature: base64::decode("CTAs/BSUfZP6+L0MRBVigK03q3M/2APkWlI9gJFkcwFKtDG53c9vcqSqLvv/IMIulDb3pNIj5UpxoRYNAJcVkA==").unwrap(),
 585                 };
 586                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 587         }
 588
 589         fn bitcoin_ninja_cname_record() -> (CName, RRSig) {
 590                 let cname_resp = CName {
 591                         name: "cname_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 592                         canonical_name: "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 593                 };
 594                 let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
 595                         name: "cname_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 596                         ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 597                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 598                         signature: base64::decode("/xlq2qPB/BaXrUgpz66iIIVh6u2Qsg5oTE8LbDr01D6uvufVJZOl4qvSwbMpYw/+8Lv26etrT1xP53bc/7OyoA==").unwrap(),
 599                 };
 600                 (cname_resp, cname_rrsig)
 601         }
 602
 603         fn bitcoin_ninja_wildcard_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
 604                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 605                         name: "test.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 606                         data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 607                 };
 608                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 609                         name: "test.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 610                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 611                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 612                         signature: base64::decode("GznihIpcboZZXG2wf/yyq1TVcNAl9iHiQeI7H6v15VzZFYhzljWFLolZPB86lKGywYC7PRH4OL0wNvrknJpp/g==").unwrap(),
 613                 };
 614                 (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 615         }
 616
 617         fn bitcoin_ninja_cname_wildcard_record() -> (CName, RRSig, Txt, RRSig) {
 618                 let cname_resp = CName {
 619                         name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 620                         canonical_name: "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 621                 };
 622                 let txt_resp = Txt {
 623                         name: "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 624                         data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 625                 };
 626                 let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
 627                         name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 628                         ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 629                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 630                         signature: base64::decode("PrII3i0K7H8RKoAmBSgSrPSmrNVNDmEf/d2h//zIKW0LE4gtt85mXP8pwEl8Ar5CbObAsWgmGI16/MMgQtqVZA==").unwrap(),
 631                 };
 632                 let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
 633                         name: "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 634                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 635                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 636                         signature: base64::decode("GznihIpcboZZXG2wf/yyq1TVcNAl9iHiQeI7H6v15VzZFYhzljWFLolZPB86lKGywYC7PRH4OL0wNvrknJpp/g==").unwrap(),
 637                 };
 638                 (cname_resp, cname_rrsig, txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
 639         }
 640
 641         fn bitcoin_ninja_txt_sort_edge_cases_records() -> (Vec<Txt>, RRSig) {
 642                 let txts = vec![Txt {
 643                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 644                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 645                 }, Txt {
 646                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 647                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 648                 }, Txt {
 649                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 650                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaa".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 651                 }, Txt {
 652                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 653                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaba".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 654                 }, Txt {
 655                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 656                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 657                 }, Txt {
 658                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 659                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 660                 }, Txt {
 661                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 662                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 663                 }, Txt {
 664                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 665                         data: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaba".to_owned().into_bytes(),
 666                 }];
 667                 let rrsig = RRSig {
 668                         name: "txt_sort_order.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 669                         ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 4, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708920243,
 670                         inception: 1707705243, key_tag: 37639, key_name: "bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap(),
 671                         signature: base64::decode("C6myk1EJZ6/y4wClGp201y5EsqrAg4W/oybJ1/P0ss7sYraJC6BNApvHKEHpSBGgF1eJ/NCtpVFeD7+xgU0t3Q==").unwrap(),
 672                 };
 673                 (txts, rrsig)
 674         }
 675
 676         #[test]
 677         fn check_txt_record_a() {
 678                 let dnskeys = mattcorallo_dnskey().0;
 679                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
 680                 let txt_resp = [txt];
 681                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 682         }
 683
 684         #[test]
 685         fn check_single_txt_proof() {
 686                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
 687                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 688                 for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 689                 for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 690                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
 691                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 692
 693                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
 694                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
 695                 let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
 696                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
 697                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
 698                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
 699                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
 700                 } else { panic!(); }
 701                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.valid_from, 1707667200); // The com. DS RRSig was created last
 702                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.expires, 1707976967); // The mattcorallo.com DS RRSig expires first
 703                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.max_cache_ttl, 3600); // The TXT record had the shortest TTL
 704         }
 705
 706         #[test]
 707         fn check_txt_record_b() {
 708                 let dnskeys = bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().0;
 709                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_txt_record();
 710                 let txt_resp = [txt];
 711                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 712         }
 713
 714         #[test]
 715         fn check_cname_record() {
 716                 let dnskeys = bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().0;
 717                 let (cname, cname_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_cname_record();
 718                 let cname_resp = [cname];
 719                 verify_rrsig(&cname_rrsig, &dnskeys, cname_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 720         }
 721
 722         #[test]
 723         fn check_multi_zone_proof() {
 724                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
 725                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 726                 for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 727                 for rr in ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 728                 for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 729                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
 730                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 731                 for rr in bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 732                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_txt_record();
 733                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 734                 let (cname, cname_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_cname_record();
 735                 for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 736
 737                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
 738                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
 739                 let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
 740                 verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
 741                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 3);
 742                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
 743                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
 744                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
 745                 } else { panic!(); }
 746                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
 747                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 748                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"dnssec_prover_test");
 749                 } else { panic!(); }
 750                 if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[2] {
 751                         assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "cname_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 752                         assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 753                 } else { panic!(); }
 754
 755                 let filtered_rrs =
 756                         verified_rrs.resolve_name(&"cname_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap());
 757                 assert_eq!(filtered_rrs.len(), 1);
 758                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &filtered_rrs[0] {
 759                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "txt_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 760                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"dnssec_prover_test");
 761                 } else { panic!(); }
 762         }
 763
 764         #[test]
 765         fn check_wildcard_record() {
 766                 let dnskeys = bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().0;
 767                 let (txt, txt_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_wildcard_record();
 768                 let txt_resp = [txt];
 769                 verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
 770         }
 771
 772         #[test]
 773         fn check_wildcard_proof() {
 774                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
 775                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 776                 for rr in ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 777                 for rr in bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 778                 let (cname, cname_rrsig, txt, txt_rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_cname_wildcard_record();
 779                 for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 780                 for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 781
 782                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
 783                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
 784                 let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
 785                 verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
 786                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 2);
 787                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
 788                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 789                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
 790                 } else { panic!(); }
 791                 if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
 792                         assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "test.cname_wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 793                         assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 794                 } else { panic!(); }
 795
 796                 let filtered_rrs =
 797                         verified_rrs.resolve_name(&"test.cname_wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.".try_into().unwrap());
 798                 assert_eq!(filtered_rrs.len(), 1);
 799                 if let RR::Txt(txt) = &filtered_rrs[0] {
 800                         assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.dnssec_proof_tests.bitcoin.ninja.");
 801                         assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
 802                 } else { panic!(); }
 803         }
 804
 805         #[test]
 806         fn check_txt_sort_order() {
 807                 let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
 808                 for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 809                 for rr in ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 810                 for rr in bitcoin_ninja_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 811                 let (mut txts, rrsig) = bitcoin_ninja_txt_sort_edge_cases_records();
 812                 write_rr(&rrsig, 1, &mut rr_stream);
 813                 for txt in txts.iter() { write_rr(txt, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
 814
 815                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
 816                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
 817                 let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
 818                 let mut verified_txts = verified_rrs.verified_rrs
 819                         .iter().map(|rr| if let RR::Txt(txt) = rr { txt.clone() } else { panic!(); })
 820                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 821                 verified_txts.sort();
 822                 txts.sort();
 823                 assert_eq!(verified_txts, txts);
 824         }
 825
 826         #[test]
 827         fn rfc9102_parse_test() {
 828                 // Note that this is the `AuthenticationChain` field only, and ignores the
 829                 // `ExtSupportLifetime` field (stripping the top two 0 bytes from the front).
 830 let rfc9102_test_vector = Vec::from_hex("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").unwrap();
 831
 832                 let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rfc9102_test_vector).unwrap();
 833                 rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
 834                 let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
 835                 assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
 836                 if let RR::TLSA(tlsa) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
 837                         assert_eq!(tlsa.cert_usage, 3);
 838                         assert_eq!(tlsa.selector, 1);
 839                         assert_eq!(tlsa.data_ty, 1);
 840                         assert_eq!(tlsa.data, Vec::from_hex("8bd1da95272f7fa4ffb24137fc0ed03aae67e5c4d8b3c50734e1050a7920b922").unwrap());
 841                 } else { panic!(); }
 842         }
 843 }