Move validation into a validation module, rather than crate root
authorMatt Corallo <git@bluematt.me>
Tue, 6 Feb 2024 01:53:14 +0000 (01:53 +0000)
committerMatt Corallo <git@bluematt.me>
Tue, 6 Feb 2024 01:53:14 +0000 (01:53 +0000)
src/lib.rs
src/query.rs
src/validation.rs [new file with mode: 0644]

index c60f704925fc637f3c2ea81e2ee625aefd95f5c1..b25eb999c7ed3db51c51bd3de8a2661b052aebdf 100644 (file)
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
 extern crate alloc;
 
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use alloc::vec;
-use core::cmp;
-
-use ring::signature;
-
 pub mod rr;
-use rr::*;
-
+pub mod validation;
 mod ser;
-use ser::{bytes_to_rsa_pk, parse_rr, write_name};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 pub mod query;
-
-/// Gets the trusted root anchors
-///
-/// These are available at <https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml>
-pub fn root_hints() -> Vec<DS> {
-       #[allow(unused_mut)]
-       let mut res = vec![DS {
-               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19036, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
-               digest: hex_lit::hex!("49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5").to_vec(),
-       }, DS {
-               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 20326, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
-               digest: hex_lit::hex!("E06D44B80B8F1D39A95C0B0D7C65D08458E880409BBC683457104237C7F8EC8D").to_vec(),
-       }];
-       // In tests, add the trust anchor from RFC 9102
-       #[cfg(test)]
-       res.push(DS {
-               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 47005, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
-               digest: hex_lit::hex!("2eb6e9f2480126691594d649a5a613de3052e37861634641bb568746f2ffc4d4").to_vec(),
-       });
-       res
-}
-
-/// Parse a stream of [`RR`]s from the format described in [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html).
-///
-/// Note that this is only the series of `AuthenticationChain` records, and does not read the
-/// `ExtSupportLifetime` field at the start of a `DnssecChainExtension`.
-pub fn parse_rr_stream(mut inp: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<RR>, ()> {
-       let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(32);
-       while !inp.is_empty() {
-               res.push(parse_rr(&mut inp)?);
-       }
-       Ok(res)
-}
-
-/// Writes the given resource record in its wire encoding to the given `Vec`.
-///
-/// An [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html) `AuthenticationChain` is simply a
-/// series of such records with no additional bytes in between.
-pub fn write_rr<RR: Record>(rr: &RR, ttl: u32, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
-       write_name(out, rr.name());
-       out.extend_from_slice(&rr.ty().to_be_bytes());
-       out.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
-       out.extend_from_slice(&ttl.to_be_bytes());
-       rr.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(out);
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-/// An error when validating DNSSEC signatures or other data
-pub enum ValidationError {
-       /// An algorithm used in signing was not supported.
-       ///
-       /// In general DNS usage the resulting data should be used anyway, as we were able to verify
-       /// that a zone wished to use the unsupported algorithm.
-       ///
-       /// However, in cases where signing is mandatory, this can be treated as an error.
-       UnsupportedAlgorithm,
-       /// The provided data was invalid or signatures did not validate.
-       Invalid,
-}
-
-fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: Record, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
--> Result<(), ValidationError>
-where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
-       for record in records.iter() {
-               if sig.ty != record.ty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-       }
-       for dnskey in dnskeys.into_iter() {
-               if dnskey.key_tag() == sig.key_tag {
-                       // Protocol must be 3, otherwise its not DNSSEC
-                       if dnskey.protocol != 3 { continue; }
-                       // The ZONE flag must be set if we're going to validate RRs with this key.
-                       if dnskey.flags & 0b1_0000_0000 == 0 { continue; }
-                       if dnskey.alg != sig.alg { continue; }
-
-                       let mut signed_data = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
-                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
-                       write_name(&mut signed_data, &sig.key_name);
-
-                       records.sort();
-
-                       for record in records.iter() {
-                               let periods = record.name().as_str().chars().filter(|c| *c == '.').count();
-                               let labels = sig.labels.into();
-                               if periods != 1 && periods != labels {
-                                       if periods < labels { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-                                       let signed_name = record.name().as_str().splitn(periods - labels + 1, ".").last();
-                                       debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
-                                       if let Some(name) = signed_name {
-                                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(b"\x01*");
-                                               write_name(&mut signed_data, name);
-                                       } else { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-                               } else {
-                                       write_name(&mut signed_data, record.name());
-                               }
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
-                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
-                               record.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&mut signed_data);
-                       }
-
-                       match sig.alg {
-                               8|10 => {
-                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 8 {
-                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA256_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
-                                       } else {
-                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA512_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
-                                       };
-                                       bytes_to_rsa_pk(&dnskey.pubkey).map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?
-                                               .verify(alg, &signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
-                               },
-                               13|14 => {
-                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 13 {
-                                               &signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED
-                                       } else {
-                                               &signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_FIXED
-                                       };
-
-                                       // Add 0x4 identifier to the ECDSA pubkey as expected by ring.
-                                       let mut key = Vec::with_capacity(dnskey.pubkey.len() + 1);
-                                       key.push(0x4);
-                                       key.extend_from_slice(&dnskey.pubkey);
-
-                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &key)
-                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
-                               },
-                               15 => {
-                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &dnskey.pubkey)
-                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
-                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
-                               },
-                               _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
-                       }
-
-                       return Ok(());
-               }
-       }
-       Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
-}
-
-fn verify_dnskey_rrsig<'a, T, I>(sig: &RRSig, dses: T, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
--> Result<(), ValidationError>
-where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
-       let mut validated_dnskeys = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
-       let dses = dses.into_iter();
-
-       let mut had_known_digest_type = false;
-       let mut had_ds = false;
-       for ds in dses.clone() {
-               had_ds = true;
-               if ds.digest_type == 2 || ds.digest_type == 4 {
-                       had_known_digest_type = true;
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
-       if !had_ds { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-       if !had_known_digest_type { return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm); }
-
-       for dnskey in records.iter() {
-               for ds in dses.clone() {
-                       if ds.digest_type != 2 && ds.digest_type != 4 { continue; }
-                       if ds.alg != dnskey.alg { continue; }
-                       if dnskey.key_tag() == ds.key_tag {
-                               let alg = match ds.digest_type {
-                                       2 => &ring::digest::SHA256,
-                                       4 => &ring::digest::SHA384,
-                                       _ => continue,
-                               };
-                               let mut ctx = ring::digest::Context::new(alg);
-                               write_name(&mut ctx, &dnskey.name);
-                               ctx.update(&dnskey.flags.to_be_bytes());
-                               ctx.update(&dnskey.protocol.to_be_bytes());
-                               ctx.update(&dnskey.alg.to_be_bytes());
-                               ctx.update(&dnskey.pubkey);
-                               let hash = ctx.finish();
-                               if hash.as_ref() == &ds.digest {
-                                       validated_dnskeys.push(*dnskey);
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().map(|k| *k), records)
-}
-
-/// Given a set of [`RR`]s, [`verify_rr_stream`] checks what it can and returns the set of
-/// non-[`RRSig`]/[`DnsKey`]/[`DS`] records which it was able to verify using this struct.
-///
-/// It also contains
-pub struct VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
-       /// The set of verified [`RR`]s.
-       ///
-       /// These are not valid unless the current UNIX time is between [`Self::valid_from`] and
-       /// [`Self::expiration`].
-       pub verified_rrs: Vec<&'a RR>,
-       /// The latest [`RRSig::inception`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
-       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
-       ///
-       /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is before
-       /// the current UNIX time.
-       ///
-       /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
-       pub valid_from: u64,
-       /// The earliest [`RRSig::expiration`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
-       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
-       ///
-       /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is after
-       /// the current UNIX time.
-       ///
-       /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
-       pub expires: u64,
-       /// The minimum [`RRSig::orig_ttl`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
-       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
-       ///
-       /// Any caching of [`Self::verified_rrs`] must not last longer than this value, in seconds.
-       pub max_cache_ttl: u32,
-}
-
-fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
-       // RFC 2065 was published in January 1997, so we arbitrarily use that as a cutoff and assume
-       // any timestamps before then are actually past 2106 instead.
-       // We ignore leap years for simplicity.
-       if time < 60*60*24*365*27 {
-               (time as u64) + (u32::MAX as u64)
-       } else {
-               time.into()
-       }
-}
-
-/// Verifies the given set of resource records.
-///
-/// Given a set of arbitrary records, this attempts to validate DNSSEC data from the [`root_hints`]
-/// through to any supported non-DNSSEC record types.
-///
-/// All records which could be validated are returned, though if an error is found validating any
-/// contained record, only `Err` will be returned.
-///
-/// You MUST check that the current UNIX time is between [`VerifiedRRStream::latest_inception`] and
-/// [`VerifiedRRStream::earliest_expiry`].
-pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, ValidationError> {
-       let mut zone = ".";
-       let mut res = Vec::new();
-       let mut pending_ds_sets = Vec::with_capacity(1);
-       let mut latest_inception = 0;
-       let mut earliest_expiry = u64::MAX;
-       let mut min_ttl = u32::MAX;
-       'next_zone: while zone == "." || !pending_ds_sets.is_empty() {
-               let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
-               let next_ds_set;
-               if let Some((next_zone, ds_set)) = pending_ds_sets.pop() {
-                       next_ds_set = Some(ds_set);
-                       zone = next_zone;
-               } else {
-                       debug_assert_eq!(zone, ".");
-                       next_ds_set = None;
-               }
-
-               for rrsig in inp.iter()
-                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
-                       .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE)
-               {
-                       let dnskeys = inp.iter()
-                               .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
-                               .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.as_str() == zone);
-                       let dnskeys_verified = if zone == "." {
-                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, &root_hints(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
-                       } else {
-                               debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
-                               if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
-                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
-                       };
-                       if dnskeys_verified.is_ok() {
-                               latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
-                               earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
-                               min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
-                               for rrsig in inp.iter()
-                                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
-                                       .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.name.as_str() != zone)
-                               {
-                                       if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
-                                       let signed_records = inp.iter()
-                                               .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
-                                       verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect())?;
-                                       latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
-                                       earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
-                                       min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
-                                       match rrsig.ty {
-                                               // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
-                                               RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
-                                               DS::TYPE => {
-                                                       if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.as_str()) {
-                                                               pending_ds_sets.push((
-                                                                       &rrsig.name,
-                                                                       signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
-                                                                               if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
-                                                                               else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
-                                                               ));
-                                                       }
-                                               },
-                                               _ => {
-                                                       for record in signed_records {
-                                                               if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
-                                                       }
-                                               },
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               continue 'next_zone;
-                       } else if dnskeys_verified == Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) {
-                               // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't supprt
-                               // and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are no more,
-                               // return UnsupportedAlgorithm
-                               found_unsupported_alg = true;
-                       } else {
-                               // We don't explicitly handle invalid signatures here, instead we move on to the
-                               // next RRSig (if there is one) and return `Invalid` if no `RRSig`s match.
-                       }
-               }
-               // No RRSigs were able to verify our DnsKey set
-               if found_unsupported_alg {
-                       return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm);
-               } else {
-                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
-               }
-       }
-       if res.is_empty() { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
-       else if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
-       else {
-               Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
-                       verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
-                       max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
-               })
-       }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-       #![allow(deprecated)]
-
-       use super::*;
-
-       use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
-
-       use hex_conservative::FromHex;
-       use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
-
-       fn root_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
-               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
-                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAentCcIEndLh2QSK+pHFq/PkKCwioxt75d7qNOUuTPMo0Fcte/NbwDPbocvbZ/eNb5RV/xQdapaJASQ/oDLsqzD0H1+JkHNuuKc2JLtpMxg4glSE4CnRXT2CnFTW5IwOREL+zeqZHy68OXy5ngW5KALbevRYRg/q2qFezRtCSQ0knmyPwgFsghVYLKwi116oxwEU5yZ6W7npWMxt5Z+Qs8diPNWrS5aXLgJtrWUGIIuFfuZwXYziGRP/z3o1EfMo9zZU19KLopkoLXX7Ls/diCXdSEdJXTtFA8w0/OKQviuJebfKscoElCTswukVZ1VX5gbaFEo2xWhHJ9Uo63wYaTk=").unwrap(),
-               }, DnsKey {
-                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU=").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 0, orig_ttl: 172800,
-                       expiration: 1708473600, inception: 1706659200, key_tag: 20326, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("ZO8LbjtwAiVkkBzOnGbiI/3ilGUPmmJpagsLSBVbIZRG6o/8a+hUZpIPTvk5ERZ1rAW4x0YxKAU8qtaHQpKIp3qYA6u97DYytVD7RdtXKHmGYAvR6QbD5eVTkCw1Sz705rJxbwt6+YM5OBweSUAy5Glo6JSQPDQwRDwj/bV2fLRhJbvfsBgxqaXJA0SaE/ceyvK8gB2NIaguTJNrztr2TENrHxi86OKOuHYDHthOW0TFoPfr19qj/P2eEC6dYniTVovUwHT7e+Hqrb05dJF4mI4ZjaIb5mFf8i5RehT1aRlnb3CLiwJ01bEjrRBo3xUn5I3PkCnglHhx3EvkO73OzA==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               let root_hints = root_hints();
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let rrs = vec![dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
-               (dnskeys, rrs)
-       }
-
-       fn com_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
-               let root_dnskeys = root_dnskey().0;
-               let mut com_ds = vec![DS {
-                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19718, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
-                       digest: Vec::from_hex("8ACBB0CD28F41250A80A491389424D341522D946B0DA0C0291F2D3D771D7805A").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
-                       expiration: 1708189200, inception: 1707062400, key_tag: 30903, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("vwMOBBwqRBdlmGZB+0FKfyMSignEtpYW9sD4TzPW2E+wdbF7O7epR5cmKmvcv0RUJdM0dGC/QmhCfgf/yqw1Xp7TpmPaYzaruW70hjGXZJO2nY3G6stUVe4S7lM2CzHL7nbbpaB5B+iSu6Ua9dZ+nyKrxfB7855HBLCLrHrkMGxWQiEPTallXXS8tEM1Y2XrsuzAQu2vZ2D2ClhFspFbPwwOdw+G6+NsZ8PnIfTkCj6DuKcgbdxjmGaYmw/6hVt9OU3kGCOBaJaEy4LrD8Kwzfu4S7axMwTKP4y4c5Y/E4k/mVAW0cuUtv549HaDfD2V0CvW1bDl6PqRkOiVsqM/lA==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &root_dnskeys, com_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
-                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("5i9qjJgyH+9MBz7VO269/srLQB/xRRllyUoVq8oLBZshPe4CGzDSFGnXAM3L/QPzB9ULpJuuy7jcxmBZ5Ebo7A==").unwrap(),
-               }, DnsKey {
-                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("tx8EZRAd2+K/DJRV0S+hbBzaRPS/G6JVNBitHzqpsGlz8huE61Ms9ANe6NSDLKJtiTBqfTJWDAywEp1FCsEINQ==").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
-                       expiration: 1707750155, inception: 1706453855, key_tag: 19718, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("ZFGChM7QfJt0QSqVWerWnG5pMjpL1pXyJAmuHe8dHI/olmaNCxm+mqNHv9i3AploFY6JoNtiHmeBiC6zuFj/ZQ==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let rrs = vec![com_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
-                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
-               (dnskeys, rrs)
-       }
-
-       fn mattcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
-               let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
-               let mut mattcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
-                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 25630, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
-                       digest: Vec::from_hex("DC608CA62BE89B3B9DB1593F9A59930D24FBA79D486E19C88A7792711EC00735").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
-                       expiration: 1707631252, inception: 1707022252, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("M7Fk+CjfLz6hRsY5iSuw5bwc2OqlS3XtKH8FDs7lcbhEiR63n+DzOF0I8L+3k06SXFnE89uuofQECzWmAyef6Q==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, mattcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
-                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("8BP51Etiu4V6cHvGCYqwNqCip4pvHChjEgkgG4zpdDvO9YRcTGuV/p71hAUut2/qEdxqXfUOT/082BJ/Z089DA==").unwrap(),
-               }, DnsKey {
-                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("AhUlQ8qk7413R0m4zKfTDHb/FQRlKag+ncGXxNxT+qTzSZTb9E5IGjo9VCEp6+IMqqpkd4GrXpN9AzDvlcU9Ig==").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
-                       expiration: 1708278650, inception: 1707063650, key_tag: 25630, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("nyVDwG+la8d5dyWgB7m+H3BQwCvTWLQ/kAqNruMzdLmn9B3VC9u/rvM/ortEu0WPbA1FZWJbRKpF1Ohkj3ltNw==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let rrs = vec![mattcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
-                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
-               (dnskeys, rrs)
-       }
-
-       fn mattcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
-               let txt_resp = Txt {
-                       name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       data: "bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y".to_owned().into_bytes(),
-               };
-               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 5, orig_ttl: 3600, expiration: 1708123318,
-                       inception: 1706908318, key_tag: 47959, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("mgU6iwyMWO0w9nj2Gmt1+RmaIJIU3KO7DWVZiCD1bmU9e9zNefXCtnWOC2HtwjUsn/QYkWluvuSfYpBrt1IjpQ==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
-       }
-
-       fn matcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
-               let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
-               let mut matcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
-                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 24930, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
-                       digest: Vec::from_hex("693E990CBB1CE1095E387092D3C04BCE907C008891F32A88D41D3ECB129E5E23").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
-                       expiration: 1707628636, inception: 1707019636, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("l9b+DhtnJSIzR6y4Bwx+0L9kep77UNCBoTg74RTSL6oMrQd8w4OobHxzwDyXqnLfyxVP18V+AnQp4DdJ2nUW1g==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, matcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
-                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("pfO3ow3SrKhLS7AMEi3b5W9P28nCOB9vryxfSXhqMcXFP1x9V4xAt0/JLr0zNodsqRD/8d9Yhu4Wf3hnSlaavw==").unwrap(),
-               }, DnsKey {
-                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
-                       pubkey: base64::decode("OO6LQTV1mnRsFgn6YQoyeo/SDqS3eajfVv8WGQVnuSYO/bTS9St1tJiox2fgU6wRWDU3chhjz1Pj0unKUAQKig==").unwrap(),
-               }];
-               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
-                       expiration: 1708309135, inception: 1707094135, key_tag: 24930, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("2MKg3bTn9zf4ThwCoKRFadqD6l1D6SuLksRieKxFC0QQnzUOCRgZSK2/IlT0DMEoM0+mGrJZo7UG79UILMGUyg==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &matcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-               let rrs = vec![matcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
-                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
-               (dnskeys, rrs)
-       }
-
-       fn matcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
-               let txt_resp = Txt {
-                       name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       data: "dnssec_prover_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
-               };
-               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
-                       inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("4vaE5Jex2VvIT39JpuMNT7Ds7O0OfzTik5f8WcRRxO0IJnGAO16syAsNUkNkNqsMYknnjHDF0lI4agszgzdpsw==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
-       }
-
-       fn matcorallo_cname_record() -> (CName, RRSig) {
-               let cname_resp = CName {
-                       name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       canonical_name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-               };
-               let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
-                       inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("5HIrmEotbVb95umE6SX3NrPboKsthdcY8b7DdaYQZzm0Nj5m2VgcfOmEPJYS8o1xE4GvGGF4sdfSy3Uw7TibBg==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               (cname_resp, cname_rrsig)
-       }
-
-       fn matcorallo_wildcard_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
-               let txt_resp = Txt {
-                       name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
-               };
-               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
-                       inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
-       }
-
-       fn matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record() -> (CName, RRSig, Txt, RRSig) {
-               let cname_resp = CName {
-                       name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       canonical_name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-               };
-               let txt_resp = Txt {
-                       name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
-               };
-               let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708322050,
-                       inception: 1707107050, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("JfJuSemF5dtQYxEw6eKL4IRP8BaDt6FtbtdpZ6HjODTDflhKQRhBEbwT7kwceKPAq18q5sWHFV1bMTqE/F3WLw==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
-                       name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
-                       inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
-                       signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
-               };
-               (cname_resp, cname_rrsig, txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_txt_record_a() {
-               let dnskeys = mattcorallo_dnskey().0;
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
-               let txt_resp = [txt];
-               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_single_txt_proof() {
-               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
-               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
-               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-
-               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
-               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
-               let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
-               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
-                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.valid_from, 1707063650); // The TXT record RRSig was created last
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.expires, 1707631252); // The mattcorallo.com DS RRSig expires first
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.max_cache_ttl, 3600); // The TXT record had the shortest TTL
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_txt_record_b() {
-               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
-               let txt_resp = [txt];
-               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_cname_record() {
-               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
-               let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
-               let cname_resp = [cname];
-               verify_rrsig(&cname_rrsig, &dnskeys, cname_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_multi_zone_proof() {
-               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
-               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
-               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
-               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
-               for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-
-               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
-               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
-               let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
-               verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 3);
-               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
-                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
-                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"dnssec_prover_test");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-               if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[2] {
-                       assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "cname_test.matcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_wildcard_record() {
-               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
-               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_wildcard_record();
-               let txt_resp = [txt];
-               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn check_wildcard_proof() {
-               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
-               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               let (cname, cname_rrsig, txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record();
-               for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
-
-               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
-               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
-               let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
-               verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 2);
-               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
-                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-               if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
-                       assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
-                       assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
-               } else { panic!(); }
-       }
-
-       #[test]
-       fn rfc9102_parse_test() {
-               // Note that this is the `AuthenticationChain` field only, and ignores the
-               // `ExtSupportLifetime` field (stripping the top two 0 bytes from the front).
-let rfc9102_test_vector = Vec::from_hex("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").unwrap();
-
-               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rfc9102_test_vector).unwrap();
-               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
-               let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
-               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
-               if let RR::TLSA(tlsa) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
-                       assert_eq!(tlsa.cert_usage, 3);
-                       assert_eq!(tlsa.selector, 1);
-                       assert_eq!(tlsa.data_ty, 1);
-                       assert_eq!(tlsa.data, Vec::from_hex("8bd1da95272f7fa4ffb24137fc0ed03aae67e5c4d8b3c50734e1050a7920b922").unwrap());
-               } else { panic!(); }
-       }
-}
index b82f0a6d62007ded38822b30b80ce69de582fbb3..901f37e16334be4f4baaa04708cd37a6bae93c26 100644 (file)
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use tokio_crate::net::TcpStream as TokioTcpStream;
 use tokio_crate::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
 
 
-use crate::write_rr;
+use crate::validation::write_rr;
 use crate::rr::*;
 use crate::ser::*;
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub async fn build_tlsa_proof_async(resolver: SocketAddr, domain: Name) -> Resul
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
        use super::*;
-       use crate::*;
+       use crate::validation::*;
 
        use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 
diff --git a/src/validation.rs b/src/validation.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5a6fda3
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+//! Utilities to deserialize and validate RFC 9102 proofs
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use alloc::vec;
+use core::cmp;
+
+use ring::signature;
+
+use crate::rr::*;
+use crate::ser::{bytes_to_rsa_pk, parse_rr, write_name};
+
+/// Gets the trusted root anchors
+///
+/// These are available at <https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml>
+pub fn root_hints() -> Vec<DS> {
+       #[allow(unused_mut)]
+       let mut res = vec![DS {
+               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19036, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
+               digest: hex_lit::hex!("49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5").to_vec(),
+       }, DS {
+               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 20326, alg: 8, digest_type: 2,
+               digest: hex_lit::hex!("E06D44B80B8F1D39A95C0B0D7C65D08458E880409BBC683457104237C7F8EC8D").to_vec(),
+       }];
+       // In tests, add the trust anchor from RFC 9102
+       #[cfg(test)]
+       res.push(DS {
+               name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 47005, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
+               digest: hex_lit::hex!("2eb6e9f2480126691594d649a5a613de3052e37861634641bb568746f2ffc4d4").to_vec(),
+       });
+       res
+}
+
+/// Parse a stream of [`RR`]s from the format described in [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html).
+///
+/// Note that this is only the series of `AuthenticationChain` records, and does not read the
+/// `ExtSupportLifetime` field at the start of a `DnssecChainExtension`.
+pub fn parse_rr_stream(mut inp: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<RR>, ()> {
+       let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(32);
+       while !inp.is_empty() {
+               res.push(parse_rr(&mut inp)?);
+       }
+       Ok(res)
+}
+
+/// Writes the given resource record in its wire encoding to the given `Vec`.
+///
+/// An [RFC 9102](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html) `AuthenticationChain` is simply a
+/// series of such records with no additional bytes in between.
+pub fn write_rr<RR: Record>(rr: &RR, ttl: u32, out: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+       write_name(out, rr.name());
+       out.extend_from_slice(&rr.ty().to_be_bytes());
+       out.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
+       out.extend_from_slice(&ttl.to_be_bytes());
+       rr.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(out);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+/// An error when validating DNSSEC signatures or other data
+pub enum ValidationError {
+       /// An algorithm used in signing was not supported.
+       ///
+       /// In general DNS usage the resulting data should be used anyway, as we were able to verify
+       /// that a zone wished to use the unsupported algorithm.
+       ///
+       /// However, in cases where signing is mandatory, this can be treated as an error.
+       UnsupportedAlgorithm,
+       /// The provided data was invalid or signatures did not validate.
+       Invalid,
+}
+
+fn verify_rrsig<'a, RR: Record, Keys>(sig: &RRSig, dnskeys: Keys, mut records: Vec<&RR>)
+-> Result<(), ValidationError>
+where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
+       for record in records.iter() {
+               if sig.ty != record.ty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+       }
+       for dnskey in dnskeys.into_iter() {
+               if dnskey.key_tag() == sig.key_tag {
+                       // Protocol must be 3, otherwise its not DNSSEC
+                       if dnskey.protocol != 3 { continue; }
+                       // The ZONE flag must be set if we're going to validate RRs with this key.
+                       if dnskey.flags & 0b1_0000_0000 == 0 { continue; }
+                       if dnskey.alg != sig.alg { continue; }
+
+                       let mut signed_data = Vec::with_capacity(2048);
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.ty.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.alg.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.labels.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.expiration.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.inception.to_be_bytes());
+                       signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.key_tag.to_be_bytes());
+                       write_name(&mut signed_data, &sig.key_name);
+
+                       records.sort();
+
+                       for record in records.iter() {
+                               let periods = record.name().as_str().chars().filter(|c| *c == '.').count();
+                               let labels = sig.labels.into();
+                               if periods != 1 && periods != labels {
+                                       if periods < labels { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+                                       let signed_name = record.name().as_str().splitn(periods - labels + 1, ".").last();
+                                       debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
+                                       if let Some(name) = signed_name {
+                                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(b"\x01*");
+                                               write_name(&mut signed_data, name);
+                                       } else { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+                               } else {
+                                       write_name(&mut signed_data, record.name());
+                               }
+                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&record.ty().to_be_bytes());
+                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&1u16.to_be_bytes()); // The INternet class
+                               signed_data.extend_from_slice(&sig.orig_ttl.to_be_bytes());
+                               record.write_u16_len_prefixed_data(&mut signed_data);
+                       }
+
+                       match sig.alg {
+                               8|10 => {
+                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 8 {
+                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA256_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
+                                       } else {
+                                               &signature::RSA_PKCS1_1024_8192_SHA512_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY
+                                       };
+                                       bytes_to_rsa_pk(&dnskey.pubkey).map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?
+                                               .verify(alg, &signed_data, &sig.signature)
+                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
+                               },
+                               13|14 => {
+                                       let alg = if sig.alg == 13 {
+                                               &signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED
+                                       } else {
+                                               &signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_FIXED
+                                       };
+
+                                       // Add 0x4 identifier to the ECDSA pubkey as expected by ring.
+                                       let mut key = Vec::with_capacity(dnskey.pubkey.len() + 1);
+                                       key.push(0x4);
+                                       key.extend_from_slice(&dnskey.pubkey);
+
+                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(alg, &key)
+                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
+                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
+                               },
+                               15 => {
+                                       signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(&signature::ED25519, &dnskey.pubkey)
+                                               .verify(&signed_data, &sig.signature)
+                                               .map_err(|_| ValidationError::Invalid)?;
+                               },
+                               _ => return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm),
+                       }
+
+                       return Ok(());
+               }
+       }
+       Err(ValidationError::Invalid)
+}
+
+fn verify_dnskey_rrsig<'a, T, I>(sig: &RRSig, dses: T, records: Vec<&DnsKey>)
+-> Result<(), ValidationError>
+where T: IntoIterator<IntoIter = I>, I: Iterator<Item = &'a DS> + Clone {
+       let mut validated_dnskeys = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
+       let dses = dses.into_iter();
+
+       let mut had_known_digest_type = false;
+       let mut had_ds = false;
+       for ds in dses.clone() {
+               had_ds = true;
+               if ds.digest_type == 2 || ds.digest_type == 4 {
+                       had_known_digest_type = true;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if !had_ds { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+       if !had_known_digest_type { return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm); }
+
+       for dnskey in records.iter() {
+               for ds in dses.clone() {
+                       if ds.digest_type != 2 && ds.digest_type != 4 { continue; }
+                       if ds.alg != dnskey.alg { continue; }
+                       if dnskey.key_tag() == ds.key_tag {
+                               let alg = match ds.digest_type {
+                                       2 => &ring::digest::SHA256,
+                                       4 => &ring::digest::SHA384,
+                                       _ => continue,
+                               };
+                               let mut ctx = ring::digest::Context::new(alg);
+                               write_name(&mut ctx, &dnskey.name);
+                               ctx.update(&dnskey.flags.to_be_bytes());
+                               ctx.update(&dnskey.protocol.to_be_bytes());
+                               ctx.update(&dnskey.alg.to_be_bytes());
+                               ctx.update(&dnskey.pubkey);
+                               let hash = ctx.finish();
+                               if hash.as_ref() == &ds.digest {
+                                       validated_dnskeys.push(*dnskey);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       verify_rrsig(sig, validated_dnskeys.iter().map(|k| *k), records)
+}
+
+/// Given a set of [`RR`]s, [`verify_rr_stream`] checks what it can and returns the set of
+/// non-[`RRSig`]/[`DnsKey`]/[`DS`] records which it was able to verify using this struct.
+///
+/// It also contains
+pub struct VerifiedRRStream<'a> {
+       /// The set of verified [`RR`]s.
+       ///
+       /// These are not valid unless the current UNIX time is between [`Self::valid_from`] and
+       /// [`Self::expiration`].
+       pub verified_rrs: Vec<&'a RR>,
+       /// The latest [`RRSig::inception`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
+       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
+       ///
+       /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is before
+       /// the current UNIX time.
+       ///
+       /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
+       pub valid_from: u64,
+       /// The earliest [`RRSig::expiration`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
+       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
+       ///
+       /// Any records in [`Self::verified_rrs`] should not be considered valid unless this is after
+       /// the current UNIX time.
+       ///
+       /// While the field here is a u64, the algorithm used to identify rollovers will fail in 2133.
+       pub expires: u64,
+       /// The minimum [`RRSig::orig_ttl`] of all the [`RRSig`]s validated to verify
+       /// [`Self::verified_rrs`].
+       ///
+       /// Any caching of [`Self::verified_rrs`] must not last longer than this value, in seconds.
+       pub max_cache_ttl: u32,
+}
+
+fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
+       // RFC 2065 was published in January 1997, so we arbitrarily use that as a cutoff and assume
+       // any timestamps before then are actually past 2106 instead.
+       // We ignore leap years for simplicity.
+       if time < 60*60*24*365*27 {
+               (time as u64) + (u32::MAX as u64)
+       } else {
+               time.into()
+       }
+}
+
+/// Verifies the given set of resource records.
+///
+/// Given a set of arbitrary records, this attempts to validate DNSSEC data from the [`root_hints`]
+/// through to any supported non-DNSSEC record types.
+///
+/// All records which could be validated are returned, though if an error is found validating any
+/// contained record, only `Err` will be returned.
+///
+/// You MUST check that the current UNIX time is between [`VerifiedRRStream::latest_inception`] and
+/// [`VerifiedRRStream::earliest_expiry`].
+pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, ValidationError> {
+       let mut zone = ".";
+       let mut res = Vec::new();
+       let mut pending_ds_sets = Vec::with_capacity(1);
+       let mut latest_inception = 0;
+       let mut earliest_expiry = u64::MAX;
+       let mut min_ttl = u32::MAX;
+       'next_zone: while zone == "." || !pending_ds_sets.is_empty() {
+               let mut found_unsupported_alg = false;
+               let next_ds_set;
+               if let Some((next_zone, ds_set)) = pending_ds_sets.pop() {
+                       next_ds_set = Some(ds_set);
+                       zone = next_zone;
+               } else {
+                       debug_assert_eq!(zone, ".");
+                       next_ds_set = None;
+               }
+
+               for rrsig in inp.iter()
+                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
+                       .filter(|rrsig| rrsig.name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.ty == DnsKey::TYPE)
+               {
+                       let dnskeys = inp.iter()
+                               .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::DnsKey(dnskey) = rr { Some(dnskey) } else { None })
+                               .filter(move |dnskey| dnskey.name.as_str() == zone);
+                       let dnskeys_verified = if zone == "." {
+                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, &root_hints(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
+                       } else {
+                               debug_assert!(next_ds_set.is_some());
+                               if next_ds_set.is_none() { break 'next_zone; }
+                               verify_dnskey_rrsig(rrsig, next_ds_set.clone().unwrap(), dnskeys.clone().collect())
+                       };
+                       if dnskeys_verified.is_ok() {
+                               latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
+                               earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
+                               min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
+                               for rrsig in inp.iter()
+                                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::RRSig(sig) = rr { Some(sig) } else { None })
+                                       .filter(move |rrsig| rrsig.key_name.as_str() == zone && rrsig.name.as_str() != zone)
+                               {
+                                       if !rrsig.name.ends_with(zone) { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
+                                       let signed_records = inp.iter()
+                                               .filter(|rr| rr.name() == &rrsig.name && rr.ty() == rrsig.ty);
+                                       verify_rrsig(rrsig, dnskeys.clone(), signed_records.clone().collect())?;
+                                       latest_inception = cmp::max(latest_inception, resolve_time(rrsig.inception));
+                                       earliest_expiry = cmp::min(earliest_expiry, resolve_time(rrsig.expiration));
+                                       min_ttl = cmp::min(min_ttl, rrsig.orig_ttl);
+                                       match rrsig.ty {
+                                               // RRSigs shouldn't cover child `DnsKey`s or other `RRSig`s
+                                               RRSig::TYPE|DnsKey::TYPE => return Err(ValidationError::Invalid),
+                                               DS::TYPE => {
+                                                       if !pending_ds_sets.iter().any(|(pending_zone, _)| pending_zone == &rrsig.name.as_str()) {
+                                                               pending_ds_sets.push((
+                                                                       &rrsig.name,
+                                                                       signed_records.filter_map(|rr|
+                                                                               if let RR::DS(ds) = rr { Some(ds) }
+                                                                               else { debug_assert!(false, "We already filtered by type"); None })
+                                                               ));
+                                                       }
+                                               },
+                                               _ => {
+                                                       for record in signed_records {
+                                                               if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
+                                                       }
+                                               },
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               continue 'next_zone;
+                       } else if dnskeys_verified == Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm) {
+                               // There may be redundant signatures by different keys, where one we don't supprt
+                               // and another we do. Ignore ones we don't support, but if there are no more,
+                               // return UnsupportedAlgorithm
+                               found_unsupported_alg = true;
+                       } else {
+                               // We don't explicitly handle invalid signatures here, instead we move on to the
+                               // next RRSig (if there is one) and return `Invalid` if no `RRSig`s match.
+                       }
+               }
+               // No RRSigs were able to verify our DnsKey set
+               if found_unsupported_alg {
+                       return Err(ValidationError::UnsupportedAlgorithm);
+               } else {
+                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
+               }
+       }
+       if res.is_empty() { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
+       else if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
+       else {
+               Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
+                       verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
+                       max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
+               })
+       }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+       #![allow(deprecated)]
+
+       use super::*;
+
+       use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
+
+       use hex_conservative::FromHex;
+       use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+
+       fn root_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
+               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
+                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAentCcIEndLh2QSK+pHFq/PkKCwioxt75d7qNOUuTPMo0Fcte/NbwDPbocvbZ/eNb5RV/xQdapaJASQ/oDLsqzD0H1+JkHNuuKc2JLtpMxg4glSE4CnRXT2CnFTW5IwOREL+zeqZHy68OXy5ngW5KALbevRYRg/q2qFezRtCSQ0knmyPwgFsghVYLKwi116oxwEU5yZ6W7npWMxt5Z+Qs8diPNWrS5aXLgJtrWUGIIuFfuZwXYziGRP/z3o1EfMo9zZU19KLopkoLXX7Ls/diCXdSEdJXTtFA8w0/OKQviuJebfKscoElCTswukVZ1VX5gbaFEo2xWhHJ9Uo63wYaTk=").unwrap(),
+               }, DnsKey {
+                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 8,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("AwEAAaz/tAm8yTn4Mfeh5eyI96WSVexTBAvkMgJzkKTOiW1vkIbzxeF3+/4RgWOq7HrxRixHlFlExOLAJr5emLvN7SWXgnLh4+B5xQlNVz8Og8kvArMtNROxVQuCaSnIDdD5LKyWbRd2n9WGe2R8PzgCmr3EgVLrjyBxWezF0jLHwVN8efS3rCj/EWgvIWgb9tarpVUDK/b58Da+sqqls3eNbuv7pr+eoZG+SrDK6nWeL3c6H5Apxz7LjVc1uTIdsIXxuOLYA4/ilBmSVIzuDWfdRUfhHdY6+cn8HFRm+2hM8AnXGXws9555KrUB5qihylGa8subX2Nn6UwNR1AkUTV74bU=").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: ".".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 0, orig_ttl: 172800,
+                       expiration: 1708473600, inception: 1706659200, key_tag: 20326, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("ZO8LbjtwAiVkkBzOnGbiI/3ilGUPmmJpagsLSBVbIZRG6o/8a+hUZpIPTvk5ERZ1rAW4x0YxKAU8qtaHQpKIp3qYA6u97DYytVD7RdtXKHmGYAvR6QbD5eVTkCw1Sz705rJxbwt6+YM5OBweSUAy5Glo6JSQPDQwRDwj/bV2fLRhJbvfsBgxqaXJA0SaE/ceyvK8gB2NIaguTJNrztr2TENrHxi86OKOuHYDHthOW0TFoPfr19qj/P2eEC6dYniTVovUwHT7e+Hqrb05dJF4mI4ZjaIb5mFf8i5RehT1aRlnb3CLiwJ01bEjrRBo3xUn5I3PkCnglHhx3EvkO73OzA==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               let root_hints = root_hints();
+               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &root_hints, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let rrs = vec![dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
+               (dnskeys, rrs)
+       }
+
+       fn com_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
+               let root_dnskeys = root_dnskey().0;
+               let mut com_ds = vec![DS {
+                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 19718, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
+                       digest: Vec::from_hex("8ACBB0CD28F41250A80A491389424D341522D946B0DA0C0291F2D3D771D7805A").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 8, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
+                       expiration: 1708189200, inception: 1707062400, key_tag: 30903, key_name: ".".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("vwMOBBwqRBdlmGZB+0FKfyMSignEtpYW9sD4TzPW2E+wdbF7O7epR5cmKmvcv0RUJdM0dGC/QmhCfgf/yqw1Xp7TpmPaYzaruW70hjGXZJO2nY3G6stUVe4S7lM2CzHL7nbbpaB5B+iSu6Ua9dZ+nyKrxfB7855HBLCLrHrkMGxWQiEPTallXXS8tEM1Y2XrsuzAQu2vZ2D2ClhFspFbPwwOdw+G6+NsZ8PnIfTkCj6DuKcgbdxjmGaYmw/6hVt9OU3kGCOBaJaEy4LrD8Kwzfu4S7axMwTKP4y4c5Y/E4k/mVAW0cuUtv549HaDfD2V0CvW1bDl6PqRkOiVsqM/lA==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &root_dnskeys, com_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
+                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("5i9qjJgyH+9MBz7VO269/srLQB/xRRllyUoVq8oLBZshPe4CGzDSFGnXAM3L/QPzB9ULpJuuy7jcxmBZ5Ebo7A==").unwrap(),
+               }, DnsKey {
+                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("tx8EZRAd2+K/DJRV0S+hbBzaRPS/G6JVNBitHzqpsGlz8huE61Ms9ANe6NSDLKJtiTBqfTJWDAywEp1FCsEINQ==").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 1, orig_ttl: 86400,
+                       expiration: 1707750155, inception: 1706453855, key_tag: 19718, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("ZFGChM7QfJt0QSqVWerWnG5pMjpL1pXyJAmuHe8dHI/olmaNCxm+mqNHv9i3AploFY6JoNtiHmeBiC6zuFj/ZQ==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &com_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let rrs = vec![com_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
+                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
+               (dnskeys, rrs)
+       }
+
+       fn mattcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
+               let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
+               let mut mattcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
+                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 25630, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
+                       digest: Vec::from_hex("DC608CA62BE89B3B9DB1593F9A59930D24FBA79D486E19C88A7792711EC00735").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
+                       expiration: 1707631252, inception: 1707022252, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("M7Fk+CjfLz6hRsY5iSuw5bwc2OqlS3XtKH8FDs7lcbhEiR63n+DzOF0I8L+3k06SXFnE89uuofQECzWmAyef6Q==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, mattcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
+                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("8BP51Etiu4V6cHvGCYqwNqCip4pvHChjEgkgG4zpdDvO9YRcTGuV/p71hAUut2/qEdxqXfUOT/082BJ/Z089DA==").unwrap(),
+               }, DnsKey {
+                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("AhUlQ8qk7413R0m4zKfTDHb/FQRlKag+ncGXxNxT+qTzSZTb9E5IGjo9VCEp6+IMqqpkd4GrXpN9AzDvlcU9Ig==").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
+                       expiration: 1708278650, inception: 1707063650, key_tag: 25630, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("nyVDwG+la8d5dyWgB7m+H3BQwCvTWLQ/kAqNruMzdLmn9B3VC9u/rvM/ortEu0WPbA1FZWJbRKpF1Ohkj3ltNw==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &mattcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let rrs = vec![mattcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
+                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
+               (dnskeys, rrs)
+       }
+
+       fn mattcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
+               let txt_resp = Txt {
+                       name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       data: "bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y".to_owned().into_bytes(),
+               };
+               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 5, orig_ttl: 3600, expiration: 1708123318,
+                       inception: 1706908318, key_tag: 47959, key_name: "mattcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("mgU6iwyMWO0w9nj2Gmt1+RmaIJIU3KO7DWVZiCD1bmU9e9zNefXCtnWOC2HtwjUsn/QYkWluvuSfYpBrt1IjpQ==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
+       }
+
+       fn matcorallo_dnskey() -> (Vec<DnsKey>, Vec<RR>) {
+               let com_dnskeys = com_dnskey().0;
+               let mut matcorallo_ds = vec![DS {
+                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), key_tag: 24930, alg: 13, digest_type: 2,
+                       digest: Vec::from_hex("693E990CBB1CE1095E387092D3C04BCE907C008891F32A88D41D3ECB129E5E23").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let ds_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DS::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 86400,
+                       expiration: 1707628636, inception: 1707019636, key_tag: 4534, key_name: "com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("l9b+DhtnJSIzR6y4Bwx+0L9kep77UNCBoTg74RTSL6oMrQd8w4OobHxzwDyXqnLfyxVP18V+AnQp4DdJ2nUW1g==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_rrsig(&ds_rrsig, &com_dnskeys, matcorallo_ds.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let dnskeys = vec![DnsKey {
+                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 257, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("pfO3ow3SrKhLS7AMEi3b5W9P28nCOB9vryxfSXhqMcXFP1x9V4xAt0/JLr0zNodsqRD/8d9Yhu4Wf3hnSlaavw==").unwrap(),
+               }, DnsKey {
+                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), flags: 256, protocol: 3, alg: 13,
+                       pubkey: base64::decode("OO6LQTV1mnRsFgn6YQoyeo/SDqS3eajfVv8WGQVnuSYO/bTS9St1tJiox2fgU6wRWDU3chhjz1Pj0unKUAQKig==").unwrap(),
+               }];
+               let dnskey_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(), ty: DnsKey::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 2, orig_ttl: 604800,
+                       expiration: 1708309135, inception: 1707094135, key_tag: 24930, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("2MKg3bTn9zf4ThwCoKRFadqD6l1D6SuLksRieKxFC0QQnzUOCRgZSK2/IlT0DMEoM0+mGrJZo7UG79UILMGUyg==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               verify_dnskey_rrsig(&dnskey_rrsig, &matcorallo_ds, dnskeys.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+               let rrs = vec![matcorallo_ds.pop().unwrap().into(), ds_rrsig.into(),
+                       dnskeys[0].clone().into(), dnskeys[1].clone().into(), dnskey_rrsig.into()];
+               (dnskeys, rrs)
+       }
+
+       fn matcorallo_txt_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
+               let txt_resp = Txt {
+                       name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       data: "dnssec_prover_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
+               };
+               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
+                       inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("4vaE5Jex2VvIT39JpuMNT7Ds7O0OfzTik5f8WcRRxO0IJnGAO16syAsNUkNkNqsMYknnjHDF0lI4agszgzdpsw==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
+       }
+
+       fn matcorallo_cname_record() -> (CName, RRSig) {
+               let cname_resp = CName {
+                       name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       canonical_name: "txt_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+               };
+               let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "cname_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708319203,
+                       inception: 1707104203, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("5HIrmEotbVb95umE6SX3NrPboKsthdcY8b7DdaYQZzm0Nj5m2VgcfOmEPJYS8o1xE4GvGGF4sdfSy3Uw7TibBg==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               (cname_resp, cname_rrsig)
+       }
+
+       fn matcorallo_wildcard_record() -> (Txt, RRSig) {
+               let txt_resp = Txt {
+                       name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
+               };
+               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "test.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
+                       inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               (txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
+       }
+
+       fn matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record() -> (CName, RRSig, Txt, RRSig) {
+               let cname_resp = CName {
+                       name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       canonical_name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+               };
+               let txt_resp = Txt {
+                       name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       data: "wildcard_test".to_owned().into_bytes(),
+               };
+               let cname_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: CName::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708322050,
+                       inception: 1707107050, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("JfJuSemF5dtQYxEw6eKL4IRP8BaDt6FtbtdpZ6HjODTDflhKQRhBEbwT7kwceKPAq18q5sWHFV1bMTqE/F3WLw==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               let txt_rrsig = RRSig {
+                       name: "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       ty: Txt::TYPE, alg: 13, labels: 3, orig_ttl: 30, expiration: 1708321778,
+                       inception: 1707106778, key_tag: 34530, key_name: "matcorallo.com.".try_into().unwrap(),
+                       signature: base64::decode("vdnXunPY4CnbW/BL8VOOR9o33+dqyKA/4h+u5VM7NjB30Shp8L8gL5UwE0k7TKRNgHC8j3TqEPEmNMIHz87Z4Q==").unwrap(),
+               };
+               (cname_resp, cname_rrsig, txt_resp, txt_rrsig)
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_txt_record_a() {
+               let dnskeys = mattcorallo_dnskey().0;
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
+               let txt_resp = [txt];
+               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_single_txt_proof() {
+               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
+               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
+               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+
+               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
+               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+               let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
+               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
+                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.valid_from, 1707063650); // The TXT record RRSig was created last
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.expires, 1707631252); // The mattcorallo.com DS RRSig expires first
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.max_cache_ttl, 3600); // The TXT record had the shortest TTL
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_txt_record_b() {
+               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
+               let txt_resp = [txt];
+               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_cname_record() {
+               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
+               let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
+               let cname_resp = [cname];
+               verify_rrsig(&cname_rrsig, &dnskeys, cname_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_multi_zone_proof() {
+               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
+               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in mattcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = mattcorallo_txt_record();
+               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_txt_record();
+               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (cname, cname_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_record();
+               for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+
+               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
+               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+               let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
+               verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 3);
+               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
+                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "matt.user._bitcoin-payment.mattcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"bitcoin:?b12=lno1qsgqmqvgm96frzdg8m0gc6nzeqffvzsqzrxqy32afmr3jn9ggkwg3egfwch2hy0l6jut6vfd8vpsc3h89l6u3dm4q2d6nuamav3w27xvdmv3lpgklhg7l5teypqz9l53hj7zvuaenh34xqsz2sa967yzqkylfu9xtcd5ymcmfp32h083e805y7jfd236w9afhavqqvl8uyma7x77yun4ehe9pnhu2gekjguexmxpqjcr2j822xr7q34p078gzslf9wpwz5y57alxu99s0z2ql0kfqvwhzycqq45ehh58xnfpuek80hw6spvwrvttjrrq9pphh0dpydh06qqspp5uq4gpyt6n9mwexde44qv7lstzzq60nr40ff38u27un6y53aypmx0p4qruk2tf9mjwqlhxak4znvna5y");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
+                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"dnssec_prover_test");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+               if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[2] {
+                       assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "cname_test.matcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "txt_test.matcorallo.com.");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_wildcard_record() {
+               let dnskeys = matcorallo_dnskey().0;
+               let (txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_wildcard_record();
+               let txt_resp = [txt];
+               verify_rrsig(&txt_rrsig, &dnskeys, txt_resp.iter().collect()).unwrap();
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn check_wildcard_proof() {
+               let mut rr_stream = Vec::new();
+               for rr in root_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in com_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in matcorallo_dnskey().1 { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               let (cname, cname_rrsig, txt, txt_rrsig) = matcorallo_cname_wildcard_record();
+               for rr in [RR::CName(cname), RR::RRSig(cname_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+               for rr in [RR::Txt(txt), RR::RRSig(txt_rrsig)] { write_rr(&rr, 1, &mut rr_stream); }
+
+               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rr_stream).unwrap();
+               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+               let mut verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
+               verified_rrs.verified_rrs.sort();
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 2);
+               if let RR::Txt(txt) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
+                       assert_eq!(txt.name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(txt.data, b"wildcard_test");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+               if let RR::CName(cname) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[1] {
+                       assert_eq!(cname.name.as_str(), "test.cname_wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
+                       assert_eq!(cname.canonical_name.as_str(), "cname.wildcard_test.matcorallo.com.");
+               } else { panic!(); }
+       }
+
+       #[test]
+       fn rfc9102_parse_test() {
+               // Note that this is the `AuthenticationChain` field only, and ignores the
+               // `ExtSupportLifetime` field (stripping the top two 0 bytes from the front).
+let rfc9102_test_vector = Vec::from_hex("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").unwrap();
+
+               let mut rrs = parse_rr_stream(&rfc9102_test_vector).unwrap();
+               rrs.shuffle(&mut rand::rngs::OsRng);
+               let verified_rrs = verify_rr_stream(&rrs).unwrap();
+               assert_eq!(verified_rrs.verified_rrs.len(), 1);
+               if let RR::TLSA(tlsa) = &verified_rrs.verified_rrs[0] {
+                       assert_eq!(tlsa.cert_usage, 3);
+                       assert_eq!(tlsa.selector, 1);
+                       assert_eq!(tlsa.data_ty, 1);
+                       assert_eq!(tlsa.data, Vec::from_hex("8bd1da95272f7fa4ffb24137fc0ed03aae67e5c4d8b3c50734e1050a7920b922").unwrap());
+               } else { panic!(); }
+       }
+}