Validate NSec/3 records prove non-existence when handling C/DNAMEs
authorMatt Corallo <git@bluematt.me>
Mon, 26 Feb 2024 03:06:02 +0000 (03:06 +0000)
committerMatt Corallo <git@bluematt.me>
Sat, 2 Mar 2024 16:41:07 +0000 (16:41 +0000)
When handling C/DNAME RRs we're required to validate that NSEC/3
records exist proving non-existence of the sought record itself. We
do this here.

src/validation.rs

index 16f1e5024cf9eda8b724b1f3ee5ecb5558352ac6..75620b100364b33b6043621eea455a0b181582a6 100644 (file)
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use alloc::vec;
-use core::cmp;
+use core::cmp::{self, Ordering};
 
 use ring::signature;
 
+use crate::base32;
 use crate::crypto;
 use crate::rr::*;
 use crate::ser::write_name;
@@ -96,7 +97,11 @@ where Keys: IntoIterator<Item = &'a DnsKey> {
                        for record in records.iter() {
                                let record_labels = record.name().labels() as usize;
                                let labels = sig.labels.into();
-                               if record_labels != labels {
+                               // For NSec types, the name should already match the wildcard, so we don't do any
+                               // filtering here. This is relied upon in `verify_rr_stream` to check whether an
+                               // NSec record is matching via wildcard (as otherwise we'd allow a resolver to
+                               // change the name out from under us and change the wildcard to something else).
+                               if record.ty() != NSec::TYPE && record_labels != labels {
                                        if record_labels < labels { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid); }
                                        let signed_name = record.name().trailing_n_labels(sig.labels);
                                        debug_assert!(signed_name.is_some());
@@ -254,6 +259,53 @@ fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
        }
 }
 
+fn nsec_ord(a: &str, b: &str) -> Ordering {
+       let mut a_label_iter = a.rsplit(".");
+       let mut b_label_iter = b.rsplit(".");
+       loop {
+               match (a_label_iter.next(), b_label_iter.next()) {
+                       (Some(_), None) => return Ordering::Greater,
+                       (None, Some(_)) => return Ordering::Less,
+                       (Some(a_label), Some(b_label)) => {
+                               let mut a_bytes = a_label.bytes();
+                               let mut b_bytes = b_label.bytes();
+                               loop {
+                                       match (a_bytes.next(), b_bytes.next()) {
+                                               (Some(_), None) => return Ordering::Greater,
+                                               (None, Some(_)) => return Ordering::Less,
+                                               (Some(mut a), Some(mut b)) => {
+                                                       if a >= 'A' as u8 && a <= 'Z' as u8 {
+                                                               a += 'a' as u8 - 'A' as u8;
+                                                       }
+                                                       if b >= 'A' as u8 && b <= 'Z' as u8 {
+                                                               b += 'a' as u8 - 'A' as u8;
+                                                       }
+                                                       if a != b { return a.cmp(&b); }
+                                               },
+                                               (None, None) => break,
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       },
+                       (None, None) => return Ordering::Equal,
+               }
+       }
+}
+fn nsec_ord_extra<T, U>(a: &(&str, T, U), b: &(&str, T, U)) -> Ordering {
+       nsec_ord(a.0, b.0)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[test]
+fn rfc4034_sort_test() {
+       // Test nsec_ord based on RFC 4034 section 6.1's example
+       // Note that we replace the \200 example  with \7f as I have no idea what \200 is
+       let v = vec!["example.", "a.example.", "yljkjljk.a.example.", "Z.a.example.",
+               "zABC.a.EXAMPLE.", "z.example.", "\001.z.example.", "*.z.example.", "\x7f.z.example."];
+       let mut sorted = v.clone();
+       sorted.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| nsec_ord(*a, *b));
+       assert_eq!(sorted, v);
+}
+
 /// Verifies the given set of resource records.
 ///
 /// Given a set of arbitrary records, this attempts to validate DNSSEC data from the [`root_hints`]
@@ -267,6 +319,7 @@ fn resolve_time(time: u32) -> u64 {
 pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, ValidationError> {
        let mut zone = ".";
        let mut res = Vec::new();
+       let mut rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs = Vec::new();
        let mut pending_ds_sets = Vec::with_capacity(1);
        let mut latest_inception = 0;
        let mut earliest_expiry = u64::MAX;
@@ -325,6 +378,22 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                                                        }
                                                },
                                                _ => {
+                                                       if rrsig.labels != rrsig.name.labels() && rrsig.ty != NSec::TYPE {
+                                                               if rrsig.ty == NSec3::TYPE {
+                                                                       // NSEC3 records should never appear on wildcards, so treat the
+                                                                       // whole proof as invalid
+                                                                       return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
+                                                               }
+                                                               // If the RR used a wildcard, we need an NSEC/NSEC3 proof, which we
+                                                               // check for at the end. Note that the proof should be for the
+                                                               // "next closest" name, i.e. if the name here is a.b.c and it was
+                                                               // signed as *.c, we want a proof for nothing being in b.c.
+                                                               // Alternatively, if it was signed as *.b.c, we'd want a proof for
+                                                               // a.b.c.
+                                                               let proof_name = rrsig.name.trailing_n_labels(rrsig.labels + 1)
+                                                                       .ok_or(ValidationError::Invalid)?;
+                                                               rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs.push((proof_name, &rrsig.key_name, rrsig.ty));
+                                                       }
                                                        for record in signed_records {
                                                                if !res.contains(&record) { res.push(record); }
                                                        }
@@ -349,14 +418,96 @@ pub fn verify_rr_stream<'a>(inp: &'a [RR]) -> Result<VerifiedRRStream<'a>, Valid
                        return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
                }
        }
-       if res.is_empty() { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
-       else if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
-       else {
-               Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
-                       verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
-                       max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
-               })
+       if res.is_empty() { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
+       if latest_inception >= earliest_expiry { return Err(ValidationError::Invalid) }
+
+       // First sort the proofs we're looking for so that the retains below avoid shifting.
+       rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs.sort_unstable_by(nsec_ord_extra);
+       'proof_search_loop: while let Some((name, zone, ty)) = rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs.pop() {
+               let nsec_search = res.iter()
+                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::NSec(nsec) = rr { Some(nsec) } else { None })
+                       .filter(|nsec| nsec.name.ends_with(zone.as_str()));
+               for nsec in nsec_search {
+                       let name_matches = nsec.name.as_str() == name;
+                       let name_contained = nsec_ord(&nsec.name,  &name) != Ordering::Greater &&
+                               nsec_ord(&nsec.next_name, name) == Ordering::Greater;
+                       if (name_matches && !nsec.types.contains_type(ty)) || name_contained {
+                               rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs
+                                       .retain(|(n, _, t)| *n != name || (name_matches && nsec.types.contains_type(*t)));
+                               continue 'proof_search_loop;
+                       }
+               }
+               let nsec3_search = res.iter()
+                       .filter_map(|rr| if let RR::NSec3(nsec3) = rr { Some(nsec3) } else { None })
+                       .filter(|nsec3| nsec3.name.ends_with(zone.as_str()));
+
+               // Because we will only ever have two entries, a Vec is simpler than a map here.
+               let mut nsec3params_to_name_hash = Vec::new();
+               for nsec3 in nsec3_search.clone() {
+                       if nsec3.hash_iterations > 2500 {
+                               // RFC 5115 places different limits on the iterations based on the signature key
+                               // length, but we just use 2500 for all key types
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if nsec3.hash_algo != 1 { continue; }
+                       if nsec3params_to_name_hash.iter()
+                               .any(|(iterations, salt, _)| *iterations == nsec3.hash_iterations && *salt == &nsec3.salt)
+                       { continue; }
+
+                       let mut hasher = crypto::hash::Hasher::sha1();
+                       write_name(&mut hasher, &name);
+                       hasher.update(&nsec3.salt);
+                       for _ in 0..nsec3.hash_iterations {
+                               let res = hasher.finish();
+                               hasher = crypto::hash::Hasher::sha1();
+                               hasher.update(res.as_ref());
+                               hasher.update(&nsec3.salt);
+                       }
+                       nsec3params_to_name_hash.push((nsec3.hash_iterations, &nsec3.salt, hasher.finish()));
+
+                       if nsec3params_to_name_hash.len() >= 2 {
+                               // We only allow for up to two sets of hash_iterations/salt per zone. Beyond that
+                               // we assume this is a malicious DoSing proof and give up.
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               for nsec3 in nsec3_search {
+                       if nsec3.flags != 0 {
+                               // This is an opt-out NSEC3 (or has unknown flags set). Thus, we shouldn't rely on
+                               // it as proof that some record doesn't exist.
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if nsec3.hash_algo != 1 { continue; }
+                       let name_hash = if let Some((_, _, hash)) =
+                               nsec3params_to_name_hash.iter()
+                               .find(|(iterations, salt, _)| *iterations == nsec3.hash_iterations && *salt == &nsec3.salt)
+                       {
+                               hash
+                       } else { continue };
+
+                       let (start_hash_base32, _) = nsec3.name.split_once(".")
+                               .unwrap_or_else(|| { debug_assert!(false); ("", "")});
+                       let start_hash = if let Ok(start_hash) = base32::decode(start_hash_base32) {
+                               start_hash
+                       } else { continue };
+                       if start_hash.len() != 20 || nsec3.next_name_hash.len() != 20 { continue; }
+
+                       let hash_matches = &start_hash[..] == name_hash.as_ref();
+                       let hash_contained =
+                               &start_hash[..] <= name_hash.as_ref() && &nsec3.next_name_hash[..] > name_hash.as_ref();
+                       if (hash_matches && !nsec3.types.contains_type(ty)) || hash_contained {
+                               rrs_needing_non_existence_proofs
+                                       .retain(|(n, _, t)| *n != name || (hash_matches && nsec3.types.contains_type(*t)));
+                               continue 'proof_search_loop;
+                       }
+               }
+               return Err(ValidationError::Invalid);
        }
+
+       Ok(VerifiedRRStream {
+               verified_rrs: res, valid_from: latest_inception, expires: earliest_expiry,
+               max_cache_ttl: min_ttl,
+       })
 }
 
 impl<'a> VerifiedRRStream<'a> {