Make rustc stop complaining about unused `Box::from_raw`s
[ldk-c-bindings] / c-bindings-gen / src / main.rs
index 508d39293738941d90887432378e89a402065dad..8b57bd9d265c9cf3b91dbdb4bed19da21abef87d 100644 (file)
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 //! It also generates relevant memory-management functions and free-standing functions with
 //! parameters mapped.
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map};
+use std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map, HashSet};
 use std::env;
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::{Read, Write};
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn maybe_convert_trait_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, trait_path: &syn::Path
                        },
                        "lightning::util::ser::Readable"|"lightning::util::ser::ReadableArgs"|"lightning::util::ser::MaybeReadable" => {
                                // Create the Result<Object, DecodeError> syn::Type
-                               let mut res_ty: syn::Type = parse_quote!(Result<#for_ty, ::ln::msgs::DecodeError>);
+                               let mut res_ty: syn::Type = parse_quote!(Result<#for_ty, lightning::ln::msgs::DecodeError>);
 
                                writeln!(w, "#[no_mangle]").unwrap();
                                writeln!(w, "/// Read a {} from a byte array, created by {}_write", for_obj, for_obj).unwrap();
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ fn maybe_convert_trait_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, trait_path: &syn::Path
                                                } else { unreachable!(); }
                                        } else { unreachable!(); }
                                } else if t == "lightning::util::ser::MaybeReadable" {
-                                       res_ty = parse_quote!(Result<Option<#for_ty>, ::ln::msgs::DecodeError>);
+                                       res_ty = parse_quote!(Result<Option<#for_ty>, lightning::ln::msgs::DecodeError>);
                                }
                                write!(w, ") -> ").unwrap();
                                types.write_c_type(w, &res_ty, Some(generics), false);
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ fn maybe_convert_trait_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, trait_path: &syn::Path
 
                                write!(w, "\tlet res: ").unwrap();
                                // At least in one case we need type annotations here, so provide them.
-                               types.write_rust_type(w, Some(generics), &res_ty);
+                               types.write_rust_type(w, Some(generics), &res_ty, false);
 
                                if t == "lightning::util::ser::ReadableArgs" {
                                        writeln!(w, " = crate::c_types::deserialize_obj_arg(ser, arg_conv);").unwrap();
@@ -244,14 +244,15 @@ macro_rules! walk_supertraits { ($t: expr, $types: expr, ($( $($pat: pat)|* => $
                                        let types_opt: Option<&TypeResolver> = $types;
                                        if let Some(types) = types_opt {
                                                if let Some(path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&supertrait.path, None) {
-                                                       match (&path as &str, &supertrait.path.segments.iter().last().unwrap().ident) {
+                                                       let last_seg = supertrait.path.segments.iter().last().unwrap();
+                                                       match (&path as &str, &last_seg.ident, &last_seg.arguments) {
                                                                $( $($pat)|* => $e, )*
                                                        }
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                        }
                                        if let Some(ident) = supertrait.path.get_ident() {
-                                               match (&format!("{}", ident) as &str, &ident) {
+                                               match (&format!("{}", ident) as &str, &ident, &syn::PathArguments::None) {
                                                        $( $($pat)|* => $e, )*
                                                }
                                        } else if types_opt.is_some() {
@@ -292,14 +293,14 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
        }
        writeln_docs(w, &t.attrs, "");
 
-       let mut gen_types = GenericTypes::new(None);
+       let mut gen_types = GenericTypes::new(Some(format!("{}::{}", types.module_path, trait_name)));
 
        // Add functions which may be required for supertrait implementations.
        // Due to borrow checker limitations, we only support one in-crate supertrait here.
        let supertrait_name;
        let supertrait_resolver;
        walk_supertraits!(t, Some(&types), (
-               (s, _i) => {
+               (s, _i, _) => {
                        if let Some(supertrait) = types.crate_types.traits.get(s) {
                                supertrait_name = s.to_string();
                                supertrait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(supertrait_name, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
@@ -385,20 +386,20 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
        }
        // Add functions which may be required for supertrait implementations.
        walk_supertraits!(t, Some(&types), (
-               ("Clone", _) => {
+               ("Clone", _, _) => {
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// Called, if set, after this {} has been cloned into a duplicate object.", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// The new {} is provided, and should be mutated as needed to perform a", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// deep copy of the object pointed to by this_arg or avoid any double-freeing.").unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tpub cloned: Option<extern \"C\" fn (new_{}: &mut {})>,", trait_name, trait_name).unwrap();
                        generated_fields.push(("cloned".to_owned(), None, None));
                },
-               ("std::cmp::Eq", _)|("core::cmp::Eq", _) => {
+               ("std::cmp::Eq", _, _)|("core::cmp::Eq", _, _) => {
                        let eq_docs = "Checks if two objects are equal given this object's this_arg pointer and another object.";
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// {}", eq_docs).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tpub eq: extern \"C\" fn (this_arg: *const c_void, other_arg: &{}) -> bool,", trait_name).unwrap();
                        generated_fields.push(("eq".to_owned(), None, Some(format!("\t/** {} */\n", eq_docs))));
                },
-               ("std::hash::Hash", _)|("core::hash::Hash", _) => {
+               ("std::hash::Hash", _, _)|("core::hash::Hash", _, _) => {
                        let hash_docs_a = "Calculate a succinct non-cryptographic hash for an object given its this_arg pointer.";
                        let hash_docs_b = "This is used, for example, for inclusion of this object in a hash map.";
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// {}", hash_docs_a).unwrap();
@@ -407,15 +408,15 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                        generated_fields.push(("hash".to_owned(), None,
                                Some(format!("\t/**\n\t * {}\n\t * {}\n\t */\n", hash_docs_a, hash_docs_b))));
                },
-               ("Send", _) => {}, ("Sync", _) => {},
-               ("std::fmt::Debug", _)|("core::fmt::Debug", _) => {
+               ("Send", _, _) => {}, ("Sync", _, _) => {},
+               ("std::fmt::Debug", _, _)|("core::fmt::Debug", _, _) => {
                        let debug_docs = "Return a human-readable \"debug\" string describing this object";
                        writeln!(w, "\t/// {}", debug_docs).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tpub debug_str: extern \"C\" fn (this_arg: *const c_void) -> crate::c_types::Str,").unwrap();
                        generated_fields.push(("debug_str".to_owned(), None,
                                Some(format!("\t/**\n\t * {}\n\t */\n", debug_docs))));
                },
-               (s, i) => {
+               (s, i, _) => {
                        // TODO: Both of the below should expose supertrait methods in C++, but doing so is
                        // nontrivial.
                        generated_fields.push(if types.crate_types.traits.get(s).is_none() {
@@ -441,7 +442,9 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
        writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
 
        macro_rules! impl_trait_for_c {
-               ($t: expr, $impl_accessor: expr, $type_resolver: expr) => {
+               ($t: expr, $impl_accessor: expr, $type_resolver: expr, $generic_impls: expr) => {
+                       let mut trait_gen_types = gen_types.push_ctx();
+                       assert!(trait_gen_types.learn_generics_with_impls(&$t.generics, $generic_impls, $type_resolver));
                        for item in $t.items.iter() {
                                match item {
                                        syn::TraitItem::Method(m) => {
@@ -450,7 +453,7 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                                                                m.sig.abi.is_some() || m.sig.variadic.is_some() {
                                                        panic!("1");
                                                }
-                                               let mut meth_gen_types = gen_types.push_ctx();
+                                               let mut meth_gen_types = trait_gen_types.push_ctx();
                                                assert!(meth_gen_types.learn_generics(&m.sig.generics, $type_resolver));
                                                // Note that we do *not* use the method generics when printing "native"
                                                // rust parts - if the method is generic, we need to print a generic
@@ -484,7 +487,7 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                                                                                }
                                                                                _ => panic!("5"),
                                                                        }
-                                                                       $type_resolver.write_rust_type(w, Some(&gen_types), &*arg.ty);
+                                                                       $type_resolver.write_rust_type(w, Some(&gen_types), &*arg.ty, false);
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                }
@@ -492,7 +495,7 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                                                match &m.sig.output {
                                                        syn::ReturnType::Type(_, rtype) => {
                                                                write!(w, " -> ").unwrap();
-                                                               $type_resolver.write_rust_type(w, Some(&gen_types), &*rtype)
+                                                               $type_resolver.write_rust_type(w, Some(&gen_types), &*rtype, false)
                                                        },
                                                        _ => {},
                                                }
@@ -565,17 +568,17 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
 
        // Implement supertraits for the C-mapped struct.
        walk_supertraits!(t, Some(&types), (
-               ("std::cmp::Eq", _)|("core::cmp::Eq", _) => {
+               ("std::cmp::Eq", _, _)|("core::cmp::Eq", _, _) => {
                        writeln!(w, "impl core::cmp::Eq for {} {{}}", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "impl core::cmp::PartialEq for {} {{", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tfn eq(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {{ (self.eq)(self.this_arg, o) }}\n}}").unwrap();
                },
-               ("std::hash::Hash", _)|("core::hash::Hash", _) => {
+               ("std::hash::Hash", _, _)|("core::hash::Hash", _, _) => {
                        writeln!(w, "impl core::hash::Hash for {} {{", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tfn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {{ hasher.write_u64((self.hash)(self.this_arg)) }}\n}}").unwrap();
                },
-               ("Send", _) => {}, ("Sync", _) => {},
-               ("Clone", _) => {
+               ("Send", _, _) => {}, ("Sync", _, _) => {},
+               ("Clone", _, _) => {
                        writeln!(w, "#[no_mangle]").unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "/// Creates a copy of a {}", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "pub extern \"C\" fn {}_clone(orig: &{}) -> {} {{", trait_name, trait_name, trait_name).unwrap();
@@ -587,14 +590,14 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                        writeln!(w, "\t\t{}_clone(self)", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\t}}\n}}").unwrap();
                },
-               ("std::fmt::Debug", _)|("core::fmt::Debug", _) => {
+               ("std::fmt::Debug", _, _)|("core::fmt::Debug", _, _) => {
                        writeln!(w, "impl core::fmt::Debug for {} {{", trait_name).unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\tfn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {{").unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\t\tf.write_str((self.debug_str)(self.this_arg).into_str())").unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "\t}}").unwrap();
                        writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
                },
-               (s, i) => {
+               (s, i, generic_args) => {
                        if let Some(supertrait) = types.crate_types.traits.get(s) {
                                let resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(s, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
 
@@ -604,10 +607,10 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                                write!(w, "impl").unwrap();
                                maybe_write_lifetime_generics(w, &supertrait.generics, types);
                                write!(w, " {}", s).unwrap();
-                               maybe_write_generics(w, &supertrait.generics, types, false);
+                               maybe_write_generics(w, &supertrait.generics, generic_args, types, false);
                                writeln!(w, " for {} {{", trait_name).unwrap();
 
-                               impl_trait_for_c!(supertrait, format!(".{}", i), &resolver);
+                               impl_trait_for_c!(supertrait, format!(".{}", i), &resolver, generic_args);
                                writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
                        } else {
                                do_write_impl_trait(w, s, i, &trait_name);
@@ -621,9 +624,9 @@ fn writeln_trait<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, ty
                write!(w, "impl").unwrap();
                maybe_write_lifetime_generics(w, &t.generics, types);
                write!(w, " rust{}", t.ident).unwrap();
-               maybe_write_generics(w, &t.generics, types, false);
+               maybe_write_generics(w, &t.generics, &syn::PathArguments::None, types, false);
                writeln!(w, " for {} {{", trait_name).unwrap();
-               impl_trait_for_c!(t, "", types);
+               impl_trait_for_c!(t, "", types, &syn::PathArguments::None);
                writeln!(w, "}}\n").unwrap();
                writeln!(w, "// We're essentially a pointer already, or at least a set of pointers, so allow us to be used").unwrap();
                writeln!(w, "// directly as a Deref trait in higher-level structs:").unwrap();
@@ -652,7 +655,7 @@ fn writeln_opaque<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, struct_name:
        // https://github.com/eqrion/cbindgen/issues/286 Thus, instead, we import it as a temporary
        // name and then reference it by that name, which works around the issue.
        write!(w, "\nuse {}::{} as native{}Import;\npub(crate) type native{} = native{}Import", types.module_path, ident, ident, ident, ident).unwrap();
-       maybe_write_generics(w, &generics, &types, true);
+       maybe_write_generics(w, &generics, &syn::PathArguments::None, &types, true);
        writeln!(w, ";\n").unwrap();
        writeln!(extra_headers, "struct native{}Opaque;\ntypedef struct native{}Opaque LDKnative{};", ident, ident, ident).unwrap();
        writeln_docs(w, &attrs, "");
@@ -674,7 +677,7 @@ fn writeln_opaque<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, struct_name:
        writeln!(w, "#[allow(unused)]").unwrap();
        writeln!(w, "/// Used only if an object of this type is returned as a trait impl by a method").unwrap();
        writeln!(w, "pub(crate) extern \"C\" fn {}_free_void(this_ptr: *mut c_void) {{", struct_name).unwrap();
-       writeln!(w, "\tunsafe {{ let _ = Box::from_raw(this_ptr as *mut native{}); }}\n}}", struct_name).unwrap();
+       writeln!(w, "\tlet _ = unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(this_ptr as *mut native{}) }};\n}}", struct_name).unwrap();
        writeln!(w, "#[allow(unused)]").unwrap();
        writeln!(w, "impl {} {{", struct_name).unwrap();
        writeln!(w, "\tpub(crate) fn get_native_ref(&self) -> &'static native{} {{", struct_name).unwrap();
@@ -735,6 +738,25 @@ fn writeln_struct<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, s: &'a syn::ItemStruct,
                                                write!(w, "inner_val").unwrap();
                                                types.write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix(w, &ref_type, Some(&gen_types), true);
                                                writeln!(w, "\n}}").unwrap();
+                                       } else {
+                                               // If the type isn't reference-able, but is clonable, export a getter that just clones
+                                               if types.understood_c_type(&$field.ty, Some(&gen_types)) {
+                                                       let mut v = Vec::new();
+                                                       types.write_c_type(&mut v, &$field.ty, Some(&gen_types), true);
+                                                       let s = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
+                                                       if types.is_clonable(&s) {
+                                                               writeln_arg_docs(w, &$field.attrs, "", types, Some(&gen_types), vec![].drain(..), Some(&$field.ty));
+                                                               writeln!(w, "///\n/// Returns a copy of the field.").unwrap();
+                                                               write!(w, "#[no_mangle]\npub extern \"C\" fn {}_get_{}(this_ptr: &{}) -> {}", struct_name, $new_name, struct_name, s).unwrap();
+                                                               write!(w, " {{\n\tlet mut inner_val = this_ptr.get_native_mut_ref().{}.clone();\n\t", $real_name).unwrap();
+                                                               let local_var = types.write_to_c_conversion_new_var(w, &format_ident!("inner_val"), &$field.ty, Some(&gen_types), true);
+                                                               if local_var { write!(w, "\n\t").unwrap(); }
+                                                               types.write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix(w, &$field.ty, Some(&gen_types), true);
+                                                               write!(w, "inner_val").unwrap();
+                                                               types.write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix(w, &$field.ty, Some(&gen_types), true);
+                                                               writeln!(w, "\n}}").unwrap();
+                                                       }
+                                               }
                                        }
                                }
 
@@ -853,7 +875,7 @@ fn writeln_struct<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, s: &'a syn::ItemStruct,
 /// Trait struct containing a pointer to the passed struct's inner field and the wrapper functions.
 ///
 /// A few non-crate Traits are hard-coded including Default.
-fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut TypeResolver) {
+fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, w_uses: &mut HashSet<String, NonRandomHash>, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut TypeResolver) {
        match export_status(&i.attrs) {
                ExportStatus::Export => {},
                ExportStatus::NoExport|ExportStatus::TestOnly => return,
@@ -914,7 +936,7 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                let supertrait_name;
                                                let supertrait_resolver;
                                                walk_supertraits!(trait_obj, Some(&types), (
-                                                       (s, _i) => {
+                                                       (s, _i, _) => {
                                                                if let Some(supertrait) = types.crate_types.traits.get(s) {
                                                                        supertrait_name = s.to_string();
                                                                        supertrait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(supertrait_name, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
@@ -928,7 +950,7 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                // mappings from a trai defined in a different file, we may mis-resolve or
                                                // fail to resolve the mapped types. Thus, we have to construct a new
                                                // resolver for the module that the trait was defined in here first.
-                                               let trait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(full_trait_path, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
+                                               let mut trait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(full_trait_path, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
                                                gen_types.learn_associated_types(trait_obj, &trait_resolver);
                                                let mut impl_associated_types = HashMap::new();
                                                for item in i.items.iter() {
@@ -957,11 +979,11 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                // type-conversion logic without actually knowing the concrete native type.
                                                if !resolved_path.starts_with(types.module_path) {
                                                        if !first_seg_is_stdlib(resolved_path.split("::").next().unwrap()) {
-                                                               writeln!(w, "use crate::{}::native{} as native{};", resolved_path.rsplitn(2, "::").skip(1).next().unwrap(), ident, ident).unwrap();
-                                                               writeln!(w, "use crate::{};", resolved_path).unwrap();
-                                                               writeln!(w, "use crate::{}_free_void;", resolved_path).unwrap();
+                                                               w_uses.insert(format!("use crate::{}::native{} as native{};", resolved_path.rsplitn(2, "::").skip(1).next().unwrap(), ident, ident));
+                                                               w_uses.insert(format!("use crate::{};", resolved_path));
+                                                               w_uses.insert(format!("use crate::{}_free_void;", resolved_path));
                                                        } else {
-                                                               writeln!(w, "use {} as native{};", resolved_path, ident).unwrap();
+                                                               w_uses.insert(format!("use {} as native{};", resolved_path, ident));
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                writeln!(w, "impl From<native{}> for crate::{} {{", ident, full_trait_path).unwrap();
@@ -1029,14 +1051,14 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                }
                                                let mut requires_clone = false;
                                                walk_supertraits!(trait_obj, Some(&types), (
-                                                       ("Clone", _) => {
+                                                       ("Clone", _, _) => {
                                                                requires_clone = true;
                                                                writeln!(w, "\t\tcloned: Some({}_{}_cloned),", trait_obj.ident, ident).unwrap();
                                                        },
-                                                       ("Sync", _) => {}, ("Send", _) => {},
-                                                       ("std::marker::Sync", _) => {}, ("std::marker::Send", _) => {},
-                                                       ("core::fmt::Debug", _) => {},
-                                                       (s, t) => {
+                                                       ("Sync", _, _) => {}, ("Send", _, _) => {},
+                                                       ("std::marker::Sync", _, _) => {}, ("std::marker::Send", _, _) => {},
+                                                       ("core::fmt::Debug", _, _) => {},
+                                                       (s, t, _) => {
                                                                if let Some(supertrait_obj) = types.crate_types.traits.get(s) {
                                                                        writeln!(w, "\t\t{}: crate::{} {{", t, s).unwrap();
                                                                        writeln!(w, "\t\t\tthis_arg: unsafe {{ ObjOps::untweak_ptr((*this_arg).inner) as *mut c_void }},").unwrap();
@@ -1088,17 +1110,12 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                                                _ => {}
                                                                        }
                                                                }
-                                                               if uncallable_function {
-                                                                       let mut trait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(full_trait_path, $types.crate_libs, $types.crate_types);
-                                                                       write_method_params(w, &$trait_meth.sig, "c_void", &mut trait_resolver, Some(&meth_gen_types), true, true);
-                                                               } else {
-                                                                       write_method_params(w, &$m.sig, "c_void", $types, Some(&meth_gen_types), true, true);
-                                                               }
+                                                               write_method_params(w, &$trait_meth.sig, "c_void", &mut trait_resolver, Some(&meth_gen_types), true, true);
                                                                write!(w, " {{\n\t").unwrap();
                                                                if uncallable_function {
                                                                        write!(w, "unreachable!();").unwrap();
                                                                } else {
-                                                                       write_method_var_decl_body(w, &$m.sig, "", $types, Some(&meth_gen_types), false);
+                                                                       write_method_var_decl_body(w, &$trait_meth.sig, "", &mut trait_resolver, Some(&meth_gen_types), false);
                                                                        let mut takes_self = false;
                                                                        for inp in $m.sig.inputs.iter() {
                                                                                if let syn::FnArg::Receiver(_) = inp {
@@ -1111,6 +1128,14 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                                                if idx != 0 { t_gen_args += ", " };
                                                                                t_gen_args += "_"
                                                                        }
+                                                                       // rustc doesn't like <_> if the _ is actually a lifetime, so
+                                                                       // if all the parameters are lifetimes just skip it.
+                                                                       let mut nonlifetime_param = false;
+                                                                       for param in $trait.generics.params.iter() {
+                                                                               if let syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = param {}
+                                                                               else { nonlifetime_param = true; }
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       if !nonlifetime_param { t_gen_args = String::new(); }
                                                                        if takes_self {
                                                                                write!(w, "<native{} as {}<{}>>::{}(unsafe {{ &mut *(this_arg as *mut native{}) }}, ", ident, $trait_path, t_gen_args, $m.sig.ident, ident).unwrap();
                                                                        } else {
@@ -1128,7 +1153,7 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                                                },
                                                                                _ => {},
                                                                        }
-                                                                       write_method_call_params(w, &$m.sig, "", $types, Some(&meth_gen_types), &real_type, false);
+                                                                       write_method_call_params(w, &$trait_meth.sig, "", &mut trait_resolver, Some(&meth_gen_types), &real_type, false);
                                                                }
                                                                write!(w, "\n}}\n").unwrap();
                                                                if let syn::ReturnType::Type(_, rtype) = &$m.sig.output {
@@ -1166,7 +1191,6 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                                        assert!(meth.default.is_some());
                                                                        let old_gen_types = gen_types;
                                                                        gen_types = GenericTypes::new(Some(resolved_path.clone()));
-                                                                       let mut trait_resolver = get_module_type_resolver!(full_trait_path, types.crate_libs, types.crate_types);
                                                                        impl_meth!(meth, meth, full_trait_path, trait_obj, "", &mut trait_resolver);
                                                                        gen_types = old_gen_types;
                                                                },
@@ -1178,7 +1202,7 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                                        writeln!(w, "\tnew_obj.this_arg = {}_clone_void(new_obj.this_arg);", ident).unwrap();
                                                        writeln!(w, "\tnew_obj.free = Some({}_free_void);", ident).unwrap();
                                                        walk_supertraits!(trait_obj, Some(&types), (
-                                                               (s, t) => {
+                                                               (s, t, _) => {
                                                                        if types.crate_types.traits.get(s).is_some() {
                                                                                assert!(!types.is_clonable(s)); // We don't currently support cloning with a clonable supertrait
                                                                                writeln!(w, "\tnew_obj.{}.this_arg = new_obj.this_arg;", t).unwrap();
@@ -1383,167 +1407,7 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
                                        }
                                }
                        } else if let Some(resolved_path) = types.maybe_resolve_ident(&ident) {
-                               if let Some(aliases) = types.crate_types.reverse_alias_map.get(&resolved_path).cloned() {
-                                       let mut gen_types = Some(GenericTypes::new(Some(resolved_path.clone())));
-                                       if !gen_types.as_mut().unwrap().learn_generics(&i.generics, types) {
-                                               gen_types = None;
-                                       }
-                                       let alias_module = rsplit_once(&resolved_path, "::").unwrap().0;
-
-                                       'alias_impls: for (alias_resolved, arguments) in aliases {
-                                               let mut new_ty_generics = Vec::new();
-                                               let mut new_ty_bounds = Vec::new();
-                                               let mut need_generics = false;
-
-                                               let alias_resolver_override;
-                                               let alias_resolver = if alias_module != types.module_path {
-                                                       alias_resolver_override = ImportResolver::new(types.types.crate_name, &types.crate_types.lib_ast.dependencies,
-                                                               alias_module, &types.crate_types.lib_ast.modules.get(alias_module).unwrap().items);
-                                                       &alias_resolver_override
-                                               } else { &types.types };/*.maybe_resolve_path(&alias, None).unwrap();*/
-                                               let mut where_clause = Some(syn::WhereClause {
-                                                       where_token: syn::Token![where](Span::call_site()),
-                                                       predicates: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new()
-                                               });
-                                               for (idx, gen) in i.generics.params.iter().enumerate() {
-                                                       match gen {
-                                                               syn::GenericParam::Type(type_param) => {
-                                                                       'bounds_check: for bound in type_param.bounds.iter() {
-                                                                               if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) = bound {
-                                                                                       if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref t) = &arguments {
-                                                                                               assert!(idx < t.args.len());
-                                                                                               if let syn::GenericArgument::Type(syn::Type::Path(p)) = &t.args[idx] {
-                                                                                                       let generic_bound = types.maybe_resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None)
-                                                                                                               .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{}::{}", types.module_path, single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&trait_bound.path).unwrap()));
-
-                                                                                                       if let Some(generic_arg) = alias_resolver.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, None) {
-                                                                                                               new_ty_generics.push((type_param.ident.clone(), syn::Type::Path(p.clone())));
-                                                                                                               if let Some(traits_impld) = types.crate_types.trait_impls.get(&generic_arg) {
-                                                                                                                       for trait_impld in traits_impld {
-                                                                                                                               if *trait_impld == generic_bound { continue 'bounds_check; }
-                                                                                                                       }
-                                                                                                                       eprintln!("struct {}'s generic arg {} didn't match bound {}", alias_resolved, generic_arg, generic_bound);
-                                                                                                                       continue 'alias_impls;
-                                                                                                               } else {
-                                                                                                                       eprintln!("struct {}'s generic arg {} didn't match bound {}", alias_resolved, generic_arg, generic_bound);
-                                                                                                                       continue 'alias_impls;
-                                                                                                               }
-                                                                                                       } else if gen_types.is_some() {
-                                                                                                               let resp =  types.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, gen_types.as_ref());
-                                                                                                               if generic_bound == "core::ops::Deref" && resp.is_some() {
-                                                                                                                       new_ty_bounds.push((type_param.ident.clone(),
-                                                                                                                               string_path_to_syn_path("core::ops::Deref")));
-                                                                                                                       let mut bounds = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                                                                                                       bounds.push(syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
-                                                                                                                               paren_token: None,
-                                                                                                                               modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
-                                                                                                                               lifetimes: None,
-                                                                                                                               path: string_path_to_syn_path(&types.resolve_path(&p.path, gen_types.as_ref())),
-                                                                                                                       }));
-                                                                                                                       let mut path = string_path_to_syn_path(&format!("{}::Target", type_param.ident));
-                                                                                                                       path.leading_colon = None;
-                                                                                                                       where_clause.as_mut().unwrap().predicates.push(syn::WherePredicate::Type(syn::PredicateType {
-                                                                                                                               lifetimes: None,
-                                                                                                                               bounded_ty: syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path }),
-                                                                                                                               colon_token: syn::Token![:](Span::call_site()),
-                                                                                                                               bounds,
-                                                                                                                       }));
-                                                                                                               } else {
-                                                                                                                       new_ty_generics.push((type_param.ident.clone(),
-                                                                                                                               gen_types.as_ref().resolve_type(&syn::Type::Path(p.clone())).clone()));
-                                                                                                               }
-                                                                                                               need_generics = true;
-                                                                                                       } else {
-                                                                                                               unimplemented!();
-                                                                                                       }
-                                                                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                                       }
-                                                               },
-                                                               syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) => {},
-                                                               syn::GenericParam::Const(_) => unimplemented!(),
-                                                       }
-                                               }
-                                               let mut params = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                               let alias = string_path_to_syn_path(&alias_resolved);
-                                               let real_aliased =
-                                                       if need_generics {
-                                                               let alias_generics = types.crate_types.opaques.get(&alias_resolved).unwrap().1;
-
-                                                               // If we need generics on the alias, create impl generic bounds...
-                                                               assert_eq!(new_ty_generics.len() + new_ty_bounds.len(), i.generics.params.len());
-                                                               let mut args = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
-                                                               for (ident, param) in new_ty_generics.drain(..) {
-                                                                       // TODO: We blindly assume that generics in the type alias and
-                                                                       // the aliased type have the same names, which we really shouldn't.
-                                                                       if alias_generics.params.iter().any(|generic|
-                                                                               if let syn::GenericParam::Type(t) = generic { t.ident == ident } else { false })
-                                                                       {
-                                                                               args.push(parse_quote!(#ident));
-                                                                       }
-                                                                       params.push(syn::GenericParam::Type(syn::TypeParam {
-                                                                               attrs: Vec::new(),
-                                                                               ident,
-                                                                               colon_token: None,
-                                                                               bounds: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new(),
-                                                                               eq_token: Some(syn::token::Eq(Span::call_site())),
-                                                                               default: Some(param),
-                                                                       }));
-                                                               }
-                                                               for (ident, param) in new_ty_bounds.drain(..) {
-                                                                       // TODO: We blindly assume that generics in the type alias and
-                                                                       // the aliased type have the same names, which we really shouldn't.
-                                                                       if alias_generics.params.iter().any(|generic|
-                                                                               if let syn::GenericParam::Type(t) = generic { t.ident == ident } else { false })
-                                                                       {
-                                                                               args.push(parse_quote!(#ident));
-                                                                       }
-                                                                       params.push(syn::GenericParam::Type(syn::TypeParam {
-                                                                               attrs: Vec::new(),
-                                                                               ident,
-                                                                               colon_token: Some(syn::token::Colon(Span::call_site())),
-                                                                               bounds: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::from_iter(
-                                                                                       Some(syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
-                                                                                               path: param, paren_token: None, lifetimes: None,
-                                                                                               modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
-                                                                                       }))
-                                                                               ),
-                                                                               eq_token: None,
-                                                                               default: None,
-                                                                       }));
-                                                               }
-                                                               // ... and swap the last segment of the impl self_ty to use the generic bounds.
-                                                               let mut res = alias.clone();
-                                                               res.segments.last_mut().unwrap().arguments = syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(syn::AngleBracketedGenericArguments {
-                                                                       colon2_token: None,
-                                                                       lt_token: syn::token::Lt(Span::call_site()),
-                                                                       args,
-                                                                       gt_token: syn::token::Gt(Span::call_site()),
-                                                               });
-                                                               res
-                                                       } else { alias.clone() };
-                                               let aliased_impl = syn::ItemImpl {
-                                                       attrs: i.attrs.clone(),
-                                                       brace_token: syn::token::Brace(Span::call_site()),
-                                                       defaultness: None,
-                                                       generics: syn::Generics {
-                                                               lt_token: None,
-                                                               params,
-                                                               gt_token: None,
-                                                               where_clause,
-                                                       },
-                                                       impl_token: syn::Token![impl](Span::call_site()),
-                                                       items: i.items.clone(),
-                                                       self_ty: Box::new(syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: real_aliased })),
-                                                       trait_: i.trait_.clone(),
-                                                       unsafety: None,
-                                               };
-                                               writeln_impl(w, &aliased_impl, types);
-                                       }
-                               } else {
-                                       eprintln!("Not implementing anything for {} due to it being marked not exported", ident);
-                               }
+                               create_alias_for_impl(resolved_path, i, types, move |aliased_impl, types| writeln_impl(w, w_uses, &aliased_impl, types));
                        } else {
                                eprintln!("Not implementing anything for {} due to no-resolve (probably the type isn't pub)", ident);
                        }
@@ -1551,6 +1415,168 @@ fn writeln_impl<W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut Typ
        }
 }
 
+fn create_alias_for_impl<F: FnMut(syn::ItemImpl, &mut TypeResolver)>(resolved_path: String, i: &syn::ItemImpl, types: &mut TypeResolver, mut callback: F) {
+       if let Some(aliases) = types.crate_types.reverse_alias_map.get(&resolved_path).cloned() {
+               let mut gen_types = Some(GenericTypes::new(Some(resolved_path.clone())));
+               if !gen_types.as_mut().unwrap().learn_generics(&i.generics, types) {
+                       gen_types = None;
+               }
+               let alias_module = rsplit_once(&resolved_path, "::").unwrap().0;
+
+               'alias_impls: for (alias_resolved, arguments) in aliases {
+                       let mut new_ty_generics = Vec::new();
+                       let mut new_ty_bounds = Vec::new();
+                       let mut need_generics = false;
+
+                       let alias_resolver_override;
+                       let alias_resolver = if alias_module != types.module_path {
+                               alias_resolver_override = ImportResolver::new(types.types.crate_name, &types.crate_types.lib_ast.dependencies,
+                                       alias_module, &types.crate_types.lib_ast.modules.get(alias_module).unwrap().items);
+                               &alias_resolver_override
+                       } else { &types.types };
+                       let mut where_clause = syn::WhereClause { where_token: syn::Token![where](Span::call_site()),
+                               predicates: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new()
+                       };
+                       for (idx, gen) in i.generics.params.iter().enumerate() {
+                               match gen {
+                                       syn::GenericParam::Type(type_param) => {
+                                               'bounds_check: for bound in type_param.bounds.iter() {
+                                                       if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) = bound {
+                                                               if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref t) = &arguments {
+                                                                       assert!(idx < t.args.len());
+                                                                       if let syn::GenericArgument::Type(syn::Type::Path(p)) = &t.args[idx] {
+                                                                               let generic_bound = types.maybe_resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None)
+                                                                                       .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{}::{}", types.module_path, single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&trait_bound.path).unwrap()));
+
+                                                                               if let Some(generic_arg) = alias_resolver.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, None) {
+                                                                                       new_ty_generics.push((type_param.ident.clone(), syn::Type::Path(p.clone())));
+                                                                                       if let Some(traits_impld) = types.crate_types.trait_impls.get(&generic_arg) {
+                                                                                               for trait_impld in traits_impld {
+                                                                                                       if *trait_impld == generic_bound { continue 'bounds_check; }
+                                                                                               }
+                                                                                               eprintln!("struct {}'s generic arg {} didn't match bound {}", alias_resolved, generic_arg, generic_bound);
+                                                                                               continue 'alias_impls;
+                                                                                       } else {
+                                                                                               eprintln!("struct {}'s generic arg {} didn't match bound {}", alias_resolved, generic_arg, generic_bound);
+                                                                                               continue 'alias_impls;
+                                                                                       }
+                                                                               } else if gen_types.is_some() {
+                                                                                       let resp =  types.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, gen_types.as_ref());
+                                                                                       if generic_bound == "core::ops::Deref" && resp.is_some() {
+                                                                                               new_ty_bounds.push((type_param.ident.clone(),
+                                                                                                       string_path_to_syn_path("core::ops::Deref")));
+                                                                                               let mut bounds = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
+                                                                                               bounds.push(syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
+                                                                                                       paren_token: None,
+                                                                                                       modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
+                                                                                                       lifetimes: None,
+                                                                                                       path: string_path_to_syn_path(&types.resolve_path(&p.path, gen_types.as_ref())),
+                                                                                               }));
+                                                                                               let mut path = string_path_to_syn_path(&format!("{}::Target", type_param.ident));
+                                                                                               path.leading_colon = None;
+                                                                                               where_clause.predicates.push(syn::WherePredicate::Type(syn::PredicateType {
+                                                                                                       lifetimes: None,
+                                                                                                       bounded_ty: syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path }),
+                                                                                                       colon_token: syn::Token![:](Span::call_site()),
+                                                                                                       bounds,
+                                                                                               }));
+                                                                                       } else {
+                                                                                               new_ty_generics.push((type_param.ident.clone(),
+                                                                                                       gen_types.as_ref().resolve_type(&syn::Type::Path(p.clone())).clone()));
+                                                                                       }
+                                                                                       need_generics = true;
+                                                                               } else {
+                                                                                       unimplemented!();
+                                                                               }
+                                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                                               }
+                                       },
+                                       syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) => {},
+                                       syn::GenericParam::Const(_) => unimplemented!(),
+                               }
+                       }
+                       let mut params = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
+                       let alias = string_path_to_syn_path(&alias_resolved);
+                       let real_aliased =
+                               if need_generics {
+                                       let alias_generics = types.crate_types.opaques.get(&alias_resolved).unwrap().1;
+
+                                       // If we need generics on the alias, create impl generic bounds...
+                                       assert_eq!(new_ty_generics.len() + new_ty_bounds.len(), i.generics.params.len());
+                                       let mut args = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
+                                       for (ident, param) in new_ty_generics.drain(..) {
+                                               // TODO: We blindly assume that generics in the type alias and
+                                               // the aliased type have the same names, which we really shouldn't.
+                                               if alias_generics.params.iter().any(|generic|
+                                                       if let syn::GenericParam::Type(t) = generic { t.ident == ident } else { false })
+                                               {
+                                                       args.push(parse_quote!(#ident));
+                                               }
+                                               params.push(syn::GenericParam::Type(syn::TypeParam {
+                                                       attrs: Vec::new(),
+                                                       ident,
+                                                       colon_token: None,
+                                                       bounds: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new(),
+                                                       eq_token: Some(syn::token::Eq(Span::call_site())),
+                                                       default: Some(param),
+                                               }));
+                                       }
+                                       for (ident, param) in new_ty_bounds.drain(..) {
+                                               // TODO: We blindly assume that generics in the type alias and
+                                               // the aliased type have the same names, which we really shouldn't.
+                                               if alias_generics.params.iter().any(|generic|
+                                                       if let syn::GenericParam::Type(t) = generic { t.ident == ident } else { false })
+                                               {
+                                                       args.push(parse_quote!(#ident));
+                                               }
+                                               params.push(syn::GenericParam::Type(syn::TypeParam {
+                                                       attrs: Vec::new(),
+                                                       ident,
+                                                       colon_token: Some(syn::token::Colon(Span::call_site())),
+                                                       bounds: syn::punctuated::Punctuated::from_iter(
+                                                               Some(syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
+                                                                       path: param, paren_token: None, lifetimes: None,
+                                                                       modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
+                                                               }))
+                                                       ),
+                                                       eq_token: None,
+                                                       default: None,
+                                               }));
+                                       }
+                                       // ... and swap the last segment of the impl self_ty to use the generic bounds.
+                                       let mut res = alias.clone();
+                                       res.segments.last_mut().unwrap().arguments = syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(syn::AngleBracketedGenericArguments {
+                                               colon2_token: None,
+                                               lt_token: syn::token::Lt(Span::call_site()),
+                                               args,
+                                               gt_token: syn::token::Gt(Span::call_site()),
+                                       });
+                                       res
+                               } else { alias.clone() };
+                       callback(syn::ItemImpl {
+                               attrs: i.attrs.clone(),
+                               brace_token: syn::token::Brace(Span::call_site()),
+                               defaultness: None,
+                               generics: syn::Generics {
+                                       lt_token: None,
+                                       params,
+                                       gt_token: None,
+                                       where_clause: Some(where_clause),
+                               },
+                               impl_token: syn::Token![impl](Span::call_site()),
+                               items: i.items.clone(),
+                               self_ty: Box::new(syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: real_aliased })),
+                               trait_: i.trait_.clone(),
+                               unsafety: None,
+                       }, types);
+               }
+       } else {
+               eprintln!("Not implementing anything for {} due to it being marked not exported", resolved_path);
+       }
+}
+
 /// Replaces upper case charachters with underscore followed by lower case except the first
 /// charachter and repeated upper case characthers (which are only made lower case).
 fn camel_to_snake_case(camel: &str) -> String {
@@ -1592,8 +1618,37 @@ fn writeln_enum<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, e: &'a syn::ItemEnum, type
 
        let mut needs_free = false;
        let mut constr = Vec::new();
+       let mut is_clonable = true;
+
+       for var in e.variants.iter() {
+               if let syn::Fields::Named(fields) = &var.fields {
+                       needs_free = true;
+                       for field in fields.named.iter() {
+                               if export_status(&field.attrs) == ExportStatus::TestOnly { continue; }
 
-       writeln!(w, "#[must_use]\n#[derive(Clone)]\n#[repr(C)]\npub enum {} {{", e.ident).unwrap();
+                               let mut ty_checks = Vec::new();
+                               types.write_c_type(&mut ty_checks, &field.ty, Some(&gen_types), false);
+                               if !types.is_clonable(&String::from_utf8(ty_checks).unwrap()) {
+                                       is_clonable = false;
+                               }
+                       }
+               } else if let syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) = &var.fields {
+                       for field in fields.unnamed.iter() {
+                               let mut ty_checks = Vec::new();
+                               types.write_c_type(&mut ty_checks, &field.ty, Some(&gen_types), false);
+                               let ty = String::from_utf8(ty_checks).unwrap();
+                               if ty != "" && !types.is_clonable(&ty) {
+                                       is_clonable = false;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if is_clonable {
+               writeln!(w, "#[derive(Clone)]").unwrap();
+               types.crate_types.set_clonable(format!("{}::{}", types.module_path, e.ident));
+       }
+       writeln!(w, "#[must_use]\n#[repr(C)]\npub enum {} {{", e.ident).unwrap();
        for var in e.variants.iter() {
                assert_eq!(export_status(&var.attrs), ExportStatus::Export); // We can't partially-export a mirrored enum
                writeln_docs(w, &var.attrs, "\t");
@@ -1625,14 +1680,17 @@ fn writeln_enum<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, e: &'a syn::ItemEnum, type
                        }
                        if !empty_tuple_variant {
                                needs_free = true;
-                               write!(w, "(").unwrap();
+                               writeln!(w, "(").unwrap();
                                for (idx, field) in fields.unnamed.iter().enumerate() {
                                        if export_status(&field.attrs) == ExportStatus::TestOnly { continue; }
-                                       write!(&mut constr, "{}: ", ('a' as u8 + idx as u8) as char).unwrap();
+                                       writeln_field_docs(w, &field.attrs, "\t\t", types, Some(&gen_types), &field.ty);
+                                       write!(w, "\t\t").unwrap();
                                        types.write_c_type(w, &field.ty, Some(&gen_types), true);
+
+                                       write!(&mut constr, "{}: ", ('a' as u8 + idx as u8) as char).unwrap();
                                        types.write_c_type(&mut constr, &field.ty, Some(&gen_types), false);
                                        if idx != fields.unnamed.len() - 1 {
-                                               write!(w, ",").unwrap();
+                                               writeln!(w, ",").unwrap();
                                                write!(&mut constr, ",").unwrap();
                                        }
                                }
@@ -1674,7 +1732,7 @@ fn writeln_enum<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, e: &'a syn::ItemEnum, type
        }
        writeln!(w, "}}\nuse {}::{} as {}Import;", types.module_path, e.ident, e.ident).unwrap();
        write!(w, "pub(crate) type native{} = {}Import", e.ident, e.ident).unwrap();
-       maybe_write_generics(w, &e.generics, &types, true);
+       maybe_write_generics(w, &e.generics, &syn::PathArguments::None, &types, true);
        writeln!(w, ";\n\nimpl {} {{", e.ident).unwrap();
 
        macro_rules! write_conv {
@@ -1798,9 +1856,13 @@ fn writeln_enum<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, e: &'a syn::ItemEnum, type
                }
        }
 
-       write_conv!(format!("to_native(&self) -> native{}", e.ident), false, true);
+       if is_clonable {
+               write_conv!(format!("to_native(&self) -> native{}", e.ident), false, true);
+       }
        write_conv!(format!("into_native(self) -> native{}", e.ident), false, false);
-       write_conv!(format!("from_native(native: &native{}) -> Self", e.ident), true, true);
+       if is_clonable {
+               write_conv!(format!("from_native(native: &native{}) -> Self", e.ident), true, true);
+       }
        write_conv!(format!("native_into(native: native{}) -> Self", e.ident), true, false);
        writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
 
@@ -1808,11 +1870,13 @@ fn writeln_enum<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, e: &'a syn::ItemEnum, type
                writeln!(w, "/// Frees any resources used by the {}", e.ident).unwrap();
                writeln!(w, "#[no_mangle]\npub extern \"C\" fn {}_free(this_ptr: {}) {{ }}", e.ident, e.ident).unwrap();
        }
-       writeln!(w, "/// Creates a copy of the {}", e.ident).unwrap();
-       writeln!(w, "#[no_mangle]").unwrap();
-       writeln!(w, "pub extern \"C\" fn {}_clone(orig: &{}) -> {} {{", e.ident, e.ident, e.ident).unwrap();
-       writeln!(w, "\torig.clone()").unwrap();
-       writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
+       if is_clonable {
+               writeln!(w, "/// Creates a copy of the {}", e.ident).unwrap();
+               writeln!(w, "#[no_mangle]").unwrap();
+               writeln!(w, "pub extern \"C\" fn {}_clone(orig: &{}) -> {} {{", e.ident, e.ident, e.ident).unwrap();
+               writeln!(w, "\torig.clone()").unwrap();
+               writeln!(w, "}}").unwrap();
+       }
        w.write_all(&constr).unwrap();
        write_cpp_wrapper(cpp_headers, &format!("{}", e.ident), needs_free, None);
 }
@@ -1837,7 +1901,7 @@ fn writeln_fn<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, f: &'a syn::ItemFn, types: &
        write!(w, "{}::{}", types.module_path, f.sig.ident).unwrap();
 
        let mut function_generic_args = Vec::new();
-       maybe_write_generics(&mut function_generic_args, &f.sig.generics, types, true);
+       maybe_write_generics(&mut function_generic_args, &f.sig.generics, &syn::PathArguments::None, types, true);
        if !function_generic_args.is_empty() {
                write!(w, "::{}", String::from_utf8(function_generic_args).unwrap()).unwrap();
        }
@@ -1851,7 +1915,7 @@ fn writeln_fn<'a, 'b, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, f: &'a syn::ItemFn, types: &
 // *** File/Crate Walking Logic ***
 // ********************************
 
-fn convert_priv_mod<'a, 'b: 'a, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, libast: &'b FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'b>, out_dir: &str, mod_path: &str, module: &'b syn::ItemMod) {
+fn convert_priv_mod<'a, 'b: 'a, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, w_uses: &mut HashSet<String, NonRandomHash>, libast: &'b FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'b>, out_dir: &str, mod_path: &str, module: &'b syn::ItemMod) {
        // We want to ignore all items declared in this module (as they are not pub), but we still need
        // to give the ImportResolver any use statements, so we copy them here.
        let mut use_items = Vec::new();
@@ -1866,9 +1930,9 @@ fn convert_priv_mod<'a, 'b: 'a, W: std::io::Write>(w: &mut W, libast: &'b FullLi
        writeln!(w, "mod {} {{\n{}", module.ident, DEFAULT_IMPORTS).unwrap();
        for item in module.content.as_ref().unwrap().1.iter() {
                match item {
-                       syn::Item::Mod(m) => convert_priv_mod(w, libast, crate_types, out_dir, &format!("{}::{}", mod_path, module.ident), m),
+                       syn::Item::Mod(m) => convert_priv_mod(w, w_uses, libast, crate_types, out_dir, &format!("{}::{}", mod_path, module.ident), m),
                        syn::Item::Impl(i) => {
-                               writeln_impl(w, i, &mut types);
+                               writeln_impl(w, w_uses, i, &mut types);
                        },
                        _ => {},
                }
@@ -1895,6 +1959,7 @@ fn convert_file<'a, 'b>(libast: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'a>
                let _ = std::fs::create_dir((&new_file_path.as_ref() as &std::path::Path).parent().unwrap());
                let mut out = std::fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).truncate(true)
                        .open(new_file_path).expect("Unable to open new src file");
+               let mut out_uses = HashSet::default();
 
                writeln!(out, "// This file is Copyright its original authors, visible in version control").unwrap();
                writeln!(out, "// history and in the source files from which this was generated.").unwrap();
@@ -1954,7 +2019,7 @@ fn convert_file<'a, 'b>(libast: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'a>
                                        }
                                },
                                syn::Item::Impl(i) => {
-                                       writeln_impl(&mut out, &i, &mut type_resolver);
+                                       writeln_impl(&mut out, &mut out_uses, &i, &mut type_resolver);
                                },
                                syn::Item::Struct(s) => {
                                        if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = s.vis {
@@ -1967,7 +2032,7 @@ fn convert_file<'a, 'b>(libast: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'a>
                                        }
                                },
                                syn::Item::Mod(m) => {
-                                       convert_priv_mod(&mut out, libast, crate_types, out_dir, &format!("{}::{}", module, m.ident), m);
+                                       convert_priv_mod(&mut out, &mut out_uses, libast, crate_types, out_dir, &format!("{}::{}", module, m.ident), m);
                                },
                                syn::Item::Const(c) => {
                                        // Re-export any primitive-type constants.
@@ -2037,10 +2102,57 @@ fn convert_file<'a, 'b>(libast: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'a>
                        }
                }
 
+               for use_stmt in out_uses {
+                       writeln!(out, "{}", use_stmt).unwrap();
+               }
+
                out.flush().unwrap();
        }
 }
 
+
+/// Walk the FullLibraryAST, determining if impl aliases need to be marked cloneable.
+fn walk_ast_second_pass<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &CrateTypes<'a>) {
+       for (module, astmod) in ast_storage.modules.iter() {
+               let orig_crate = module.splitn(2, "::").next().unwrap();
+               let ASTModule { ref attrs, ref items, .. } = astmod;
+               assert_eq!(export_status(&attrs), ExportStatus::Export);
+
+               let import_resolver = ImportResolver::new(orig_crate, &ast_storage.dependencies, module, items);
+               let mut types = TypeResolver::new(module, import_resolver, crate_types);
+
+               for item in items.iter() {
+                       match item {
+                               syn::Item::Impl(i) => {
+                                       match export_status(&i.attrs) {
+                                               ExportStatus::Export => {},
+                                               ExportStatus::NoExport|ExportStatus::TestOnly => continue,
+                                               ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) must only appear on traits"),
+                                       }
+                                       if let Some(trait_path) = i.trait_.as_ref() {
+                                               if path_matches_nongeneric(&trait_path.1, &["core", "clone", "Clone"]) ||
+                                                  path_matches_nongeneric(&trait_path.1, &["Clone"])
+                                               {
+                                                       if let &syn::Type::Path(ref p) = &*i.self_ty {
+                                                               if let Some(resolved_path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, None) {
+                                                                       create_alias_for_impl(resolved_path, i, &mut types, |aliased_impl, types| {
+                                                                               if let &syn::Type::Path(ref p) = &*aliased_impl.self_ty {
+                                                                                       if let Some(resolved_aliased_path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, None) {
+                                                                                               crate_types.set_clonable("crate::".to_owned() + &resolved_aliased_path);
+                                                                                       }
+                                                                               }
+                                                                       });
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               _ => {}
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
 fn walk_private_mod<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, orig_crate: &str, module: String, items: &'a syn::ItemMod, crate_types: &mut CrateTypes<'a>) {
        let import_resolver = ImportResolver::new(orig_crate, &ast_storage.dependencies, &module, &items.content.as_ref().unwrap().1);
        for item in items.content.as_ref().unwrap().1.iter() {
@@ -2066,7 +2178,7 @@ fn walk_private_mod<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, orig_crate: &str, modul
 }
 
 /// Walk the FullLibraryAST, deciding how things will be mapped and adding tracking to CrateTypes.
-fn walk_ast<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &mut CrateTypes<'a>) {
+fn walk_ast_first_pass<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &mut CrateTypes<'a>) {
        for (module, astmod) in ast_storage.modules.iter() {
                let ASTModule { ref attrs, ref items, submods: _ } = astmod;
                assert_eq!(export_status(&attrs), ExportStatus::Export);
@@ -2097,10 +2209,10 @@ fn walk_ast<'a>(ast_storage: &'a FullLibraryAST, crate_types: &mut CrateTypes<'a
                                                }
                                                let trait_path = format!("{}::{}", module, t.ident);
                                                walk_supertraits!(t, None, (
-                                                       ("Clone", _) => {
+                                                       ("Clone", _, _) => {
                                                                crate_types.set_clonable("crate::".to_owned() + &trait_path);
                                                        },
-                                                       (_, _) => {}
+                                                       (_, _, _) => {}
                                                ) );
                                                crate_types.traits.insert(trait_path, &t);
                                        }
@@ -2221,7 +2333,11 @@ fn main() {
        // ...then walk the ASTs tracking what types we will map, and how, so that we can resolve them
        // when parsing other file ASTs...
        let mut libtypes = CrateTypes::new(&mut derived_templates, &libast);
-       walk_ast(&libast, &mut libtypes);
+       walk_ast_first_pass(&libast, &mut libtypes);
+
+       // ... using the generated data, determine a few additional fields, specifically which type
+       // aliases are to be clone-able...
+       walk_ast_second_pass(&libast, &libtypes);
 
        // ... finally, do the actual file conversion/mapping, writing out types as we go.
        convert_file(&libast, &libtypes, &args[1], &mut header_file, &mut cpp_header_file);