Merge pull request #38 from TheBlueMatt/main
[ldk-c-bindings] / c-bindings-gen / src / types.rs
index c230770d144a2ccc1808aabdac2946b48fe181c3..13c3b0ed0c2b7b3b00b4af8e58728a117614d6cb 100644 (file)
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ pub enum ExportStatus {
        Export,
        NoExport,
        TestOnly,
+       /// This is used only for traits to indicate that users should not be able to implement their
+       /// own version of a trait, but we should export Rust implementations of the trait (and the
+       /// trait itself).
+       /// Concretly, this means that we do not implement the Rust trait for the C trait struct.
+       NotImplementable,
 }
 /// Gets the ExportStatus of an object (struct, fn, etc) given its attributes.
 pub fn export_status(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> ExportStatus {
@@ -117,6 +122,8 @@ pub fn export_status(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> ExportStatus {
                                let line = format!("{}", lit);
                                if line.contains("(C-not exported)") {
                                        return ExportStatus::NoExport;
+                               } else if line.contains("(C-not implementable)") {
+                                       return ExportStatus::NotImplementable;
                                }
                        },
                        _ => unimplemented!(),
@@ -138,6 +145,7 @@ pub fn is_enum_opaque(e: &syn::ItemEnum) -> bool {
                        for field in fields.named.iter() {
                                match export_status(&field.attrs) {
                                        ExportStatus::Export|ExportStatus::TestOnly => {},
+                                       ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
                                        ExportStatus::NoExport => return true,
                                }
                        }
@@ -145,6 +153,7 @@ pub fn is_enum_opaque(e: &syn::ItemEnum) -> bool {
                        for field in fields.unnamed.iter() {
                                match export_status(&field.attrs) {
                                        ExportStatus::Export|ExportStatus::TestOnly => {},
+                                       ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
                                        ExportStatus::NoExport => return true,
                                }
                        }
@@ -164,19 +173,21 @@ pub fn is_enum_opaque(e: &syn::ItemEnum) -> bool {
 /// concrete C container struct, etc).
 #[must_use]
 pub struct GenericTypes<'a, 'b> {
+       self_ty: Option<(String, &'a syn::Path)>,
        parent: Option<&'b GenericTypes<'b, 'b>>,
        typed_generics: HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, (String, Option<&'a syn::Path>)>,
+       default_generics: HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, (syn::Type, syn::Type)>,
 }
 impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
-       pub fn new() -> Self {
-               Self { parent: None, typed_generics: HashMap::new(), }
+       pub fn new(self_ty: Option<(String, &'a syn::Path)>) -> Self {
+               Self { self_ty, parent: None, typed_generics: HashMap::new(), default_generics: HashMap::new(), }
        }
 
        /// push a new context onto the stack, allowing for a new set of generics to be learned which
        /// will override any lower contexts, but which will still fall back to resoltion via lower
        /// contexts.
        pub fn push_ctx<'c>(&'c self) -> GenericTypes<'a, 'c> {
-               GenericTypes { parent: Some(self), typed_generics: HashMap::new(), }
+               GenericTypes { self_ty: None, parent: Some(self), typed_generics: HashMap::new(), default_generics: HashMap::new(), }
        }
 
        /// Learn the generics in generics in the current context, given a TypeResolver.
@@ -186,7 +197,7 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                        match generic {
                                syn::GenericParam::Type(type_param) => {
                                        let mut non_lifetimes_processed = false;
-                                       for bound in type_param.bounds.iter() {
+                                       'bound_loop: for bound in type_param.bounds.iter() {
                                                if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(trait_bound) = bound {
                                                        if let Some(ident) = single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(&trait_bound.path) {
                                                                match &format!("{}", ident) as &str { "Send" => continue, "Sync" => continue, _ => {} }
@@ -199,14 +210,38 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                                                if path == "Sized" { continue; }
                                                                if non_lifetimes_processed { return false; }
                                                                non_lifetimes_processed = true;
-                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" {
+                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" && path != "core::ops::Deref" {
                                                                        path = "crate::".to_string() + &path;
                                                                        Some(&trait_bound.path)
+                                                               } else if trait_bound.path.segments.len() == 1 {
+                                                                       // If we're templated on Deref<Target = ConcreteThing>, store
+                                                                       // the reference type in `default_generics` which handles full
+                                                                       // types and not just paths.
+                                                                       if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref args) =
+                                                                                       trait_bound.path.segments[0].arguments {
+                                                                               for subargument in args.args.iter() {
+                                                                                       match subargument {
+                                                                                               syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(_) => {},
+                                                                                               syn::GenericArgument::Binding(ref b) => {
+                                                                                                       if &format!("{}", b.ident) != "Target" { return false; }
+                                                                                                       let default = &b.ty;
+                                                                                                       self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (parse_quote!(&#default), parse_quote!(&#default)));
+                                                                                                       break 'bound_loop;
+                                                                                               },
+                                                                                               _ => unimplemented!(),
+                                                                                       }
+                                                                               }
+                                                                               None
+                                                                       } else { None }
                                                                } else { None };
                                                                self.typed_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (path, new_ident));
                                                        } else { return false; }
                                                }
                                        }
+                                       if let Some(default) = type_param.default.as_ref() {
+                                               assert!(type_param.bounds.is_empty());
+                                               self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (default.clone(), parse_quote!(&#default)));
+                                       }
                                },
                                _ => {},
                        }
@@ -220,7 +255,7 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                                if p.path.leading_colon.is_some() { return false; }
                                                let mut p_iter = p.path.segments.iter();
                                                if let Some(gen) = self.typed_generics.get_mut(&p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) {
-                                                       if gen.0 != "std::ops::Deref" { return false; }
+                                                       if gen.0 != "std::ops::Deref" && gen.0 != "core::ops::Deref" { return false; }
                                                        if &format!("{}", p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) != "Target" { return false; }
 
                                                        let mut non_lifetimes_processed = false;
@@ -263,7 +298,7 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                                                // implement Deref<Target=Self> for relevant types). We don't
                                                                // bother to implement it for associated types, however, so we just
                                                                // ignore such bounds.
-                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" {
+                                                               let new_ident = if path != "std::ops::Deref" && path != "core::ops::Deref" {
                                                                        path = "crate::".to_string() + &path;
                                                                        Some(&tr.path)
                                                                } else { None };
@@ -281,6 +316,11 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
 
        /// Attempt to resolve an Ident as a generic parameter and return the full path.
        pub fn maybe_resolve_ident<'b>(&'b self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&'b String> {
+               if let Some(ty) = &self.self_ty {
+                       if format!("{}", ident) == "Self" {
+                               return Some(&ty.0);
+                       }
+               }
                if let Some(res) = self.typed_generics.get(ident).map(|(a, _)| a) {
                        return Some(res);
                }
@@ -290,10 +330,16 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                        None
                }
        }
+
        /// Attempt to resolve a Path as a generic parameter and return the full path. as both a string
        /// and syn::Path.
        pub fn maybe_resolve_path<'b>(&'b self, path: &syn::Path) -> Option<(&'b String, &'a syn::Path)> {
                if let Some(ident) = path.get_ident() {
+                       if let Some(ty) = &self.self_ty {
+                               if format!("{}", ident) == "Self" {
+                                       return Some((&ty.0, ty.1));
+                               }
+                       }
                        if let Some(res) = self.typed_generics.get(ident).map(|(a, b)| (a, b.unwrap())) {
                                return Some(res);
                        }
@@ -316,6 +362,34 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
        }
 }
 
+trait ResolveType<'a> { fn resolve_type(&'a self, ty: &'a syn::Type) -> &'a syn::Type; }
+impl<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b> ResolveType<'c> for Option<&GenericTypes<'a, 'b>> {
+       fn resolve_type(&'c self, ty: &'c syn::Type) -> &'c syn::Type {
+               if let Some(us) = self {
+                       match ty {
+                               syn::Type::Path(p) => {
+                                       if let Some(ident) = p.path.get_ident() {
+                                               if let Some((ty, _)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
+                                                       return ty;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               },
+                               syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) => {
+                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &**elem {
+                                               if let Some(ident) = p.path.get_ident() {
+                                                       if let Some((_, refty)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
+                                                               return refty;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               _ => {},
+                       }
+               }
+               ty
+       }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
 // The type of declaration and the object itself
 pub enum DeclType<'a> {
@@ -335,13 +409,22 @@ pub struct ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> {
        priv_modules: HashSet<syn::Ident>,
 }
 impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft> {
-       fn process_use_intern(crate_name: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>,
+       fn process_use_intern(crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>,
                        u: &syn::UseTree, partial_path: &str, mut path: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<syn::PathSegment, syn::token::Colon2>) {
 
                let new_path;
                macro_rules! push_path {
                        ($ident: expr, $path_suffix: expr) => {
-                               if partial_path == "" && !dependencies.contains(&$ident) {
+                               if partial_path == "" && format!("{}", $ident) == "super" {
+                                       let mut mod_iter = module_path.rsplitn(2, "::");
+                                       mod_iter.next().unwrap();
+                                       let super_mod = mod_iter.next().unwrap();
+                                       new_path = format!("{}{}", super_mod, $path_suffix);
+                                       assert_eq!(path.len(), 0);
+                                       for module in super_mod.split("::") {
+                                               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: syn::Ident::new(module, Span::call_site()), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
+                                       }
+                               } else if partial_path == "" && !dependencies.contains(&$ident) {
                                        new_path = format!("{}::{}{}", crate_name, $ident, $path_suffix);
                                        let crate_name_ident = format_ident!("{}", crate_name);
                                        path.push(parse_quote!(#crate_name_ident));
@@ -355,7 +438,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                match u {
                        syn::UseTree::Path(p) => {
                                push_path!(p.ident, "::");
-                               Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, dependencies, imports, &p.tree, &new_path, path);
+                               Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, &p.tree, &new_path, path);
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Name(n) => {
                                push_path!(n.ident, "");
@@ -363,7 +446,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Group(g) => {
                                for i in g.items.iter() {
-                                       Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, dependencies, imports, i, partial_path, path.clone());
+                                       Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, i, partial_path, path.clone());
                                }
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Rename(r) => {
@@ -376,14 +459,14 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                }
        }
 
-       fn process_use(crate_name: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::ItemUse) {
+       fn process_use(crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::ItemUse) {
                if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = u.vis {
                        // We actually only use these for #[cfg(fuzztarget)]
                        eprintln!("Ignoring pub(use) tree!");
                        return;
                }
                if u.leading_colon.is_some() { eprintln!("Ignoring leading-colon use!"); return; }
-               Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, dependencies, imports, &u.tree, "", syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new());
+               Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, &u.tree, "", syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new());
        }
 
        fn insert_primitive(imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, id: &str) {
@@ -393,6 +476,9 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
        }
 
        pub fn new(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, dependencies: &'mod_lifetime HashSet<syn::Ident>, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &'crate_lft [syn::Item]) -> Self {
+               Self::from_borrowed_items(crate_name, dependencies, module_path, &contents.iter().map(|a| a).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+       }
+       pub fn from_borrowed_items(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, dependencies: &'mod_lifetime HashSet<syn::Ident>, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &[&'crate_lft syn::Item]) -> Self {
                let mut imports = HashMap::new();
                // Add primitives to the "imports" list:
                Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "bool");
@@ -415,13 +501,14 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
 
                for item in contents.iter() {
                        match item {
-                               syn::Item::Use(u) => Self::process_use(crate_name, dependencies, &mut imports, &u),
+                               syn::Item::Use(u) => Self::process_use(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, &mut imports, &u),
                                syn::Item::Struct(s) => {
                                        if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = s.vis {
                                                match export_status(&s.attrs) {
                                                        ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported); },
                                                        ExportStatus::NoExport => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructIgnored); },
                                                        ExportStatus::TestOnly => continue,
+                                                       ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
                                                }
                                        }
                                },
@@ -442,13 +529,19 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                                match export_status(&e.attrs) {
                                                        ExportStatus::Export if is_enum_opaque(e) => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::EnumIgnored); },
                                                        ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::MirroredEnum); },
+                                                       ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
                                                        _ => continue,
                                                }
                                        }
                                },
-                               syn::Item::Trait(t) if export_status(&t.attrs) == ExportStatus::Export => {
-                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = t.vis {
-                                               declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::Trait(t));
+                               syn::Item::Trait(t) => {
+                                       match export_status(&t.attrs) {
+                                               ExportStatus::Export|ExportStatus::NotImplementable => {
+                                                       if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = t.vis {
+                                                               declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::Trait(t));
+                                                       }
+                                               },
+                                               _ => continue,
                                        }
                                },
                                syn::Item::Mod(m) => {
@@ -517,9 +610,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                format!("::{}", seg.ident)
                        }).collect();
                        let first_seg_str = format!("{}", first_seg.ident);
-                       if first_seg_str == "std" {
-                               Some(first_seg_str + &remaining)
-                       } else if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(&first_seg.ident) {
+                       if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(&first_seg.ident) {
                                if remaining != "" {
                                        Some(imp.clone() + &remaining)
                                } else {
@@ -527,6 +618,8 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                }
                        } else if let Some(_) = self.priv_modules.get(&first_seg.ident) {
                                Some(format!("{}::{}{}", self.module_path, first_seg.ident, remaining))
+                       } else if first_seg_str == "std" || first_seg_str == "core" || self.dependencies.contains(&first_seg.ident) {
+                               Some(first_seg_str + &remaining)
                        } else { None }
                }
        }
@@ -535,7 +628,6 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
        pub fn resolve_imported_refs(&self, mut ty: syn::Type) -> syn::Type {
                match &mut ty {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
-eprintln!("rir {:?}", p);
                                if p.path.segments.len() != 1 { unimplemented!(); }
                                let mut args = p.path.segments[0].arguments.clone();
                                if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref mut generics) = &mut args {
@@ -627,6 +719,21 @@ impl FullLibraryAST {
        }
 }
 
+/// List of manually-generated types which are clonable
+fn initial_clonable_types() -> HashSet<String> {
+       let mut res = HashSet::new();
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::u5".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::PublicKey".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Transaction".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::TxOut".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Signature".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::IOError".to_owned());
+       res
+}
+
 /// Top-level struct tracking everything which has been defined while walking the crate.
 pub struct CrateTypes<'a> {
        /// This may contain structs or enums, but only when either is mapped as
@@ -662,7 +769,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateTypes<'a> {
                        opaques: HashMap::new(), mirrored_enums: HashMap::new(), traits: HashMap::new(),
                        type_aliases: HashMap::new(), reverse_alias_map: HashMap::new(),
                        templates_defined: RefCell::new(HashMap::default()),
-                       clonable_types: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()), trait_impls: HashMap::new(),
+                       clonable_types: RefCell::new(initial_clonable_types()), trait_impls: HashMap::new(),
                        template_file: RefCell::new(template_file), lib_ast: &libast,
                }
        }
@@ -751,8 +858,6 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                if self.is_primitive(ty) { return true; }
                match ty {
                        "()" => true,
-                       "crate::c_types::Signature" => true,
-                       "crate::c_types::TxOut" => true,
                        _ => false,
                }
        }
@@ -771,26 +876,31 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        // for arrays are different (https://github.com/eqrion/cbindgen/issues/528)
 
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+                       "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwentyBytes"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes"),
                        "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes"),
                        "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThreeBytes"), // Used for RGB values
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z"),
-                       "String" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
 
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some("u64"),
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some("u64"),
+                       "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("u64"),
                        "std::io::Error" => Some("crate::c_types::IOError"),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bech32::u5" => Some("crate::c_types::u5"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::lightning::chain::transaction::OutPoint"),
@@ -801,17 +911,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref  => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
 
                        // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
 
                        // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
                        "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some("*const std::os::raw::c_char"),
@@ -835,6 +944,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some("unsafe { &*"),
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
@@ -844,18 +954,23 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(""),
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some("String::from_utf8("),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(""),
+                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        // Note that we'll panic for String if is_ref, as we only have non-owned memory, we
                        // cannot create a &String.
 
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some("std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some("std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
+                       "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("(::std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bech32::u5" => Some(""),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" if is_ref => Some("&"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey::from_slice(&unsafe { *"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
@@ -873,11 +988,11 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::hash_types::Txid::from_slice(&unsafe { &*"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("::bitcoin::hash_types::Txid::from_slice(&"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some("::bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash::from_slice(&"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash("),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash(unsafe { *"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage("),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage(unsafe { *"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret("),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentHash("),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::PaymentHash(unsafe { *"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage("),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage(unsafe { *"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentSecret("),
 
                        // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
                        "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
@@ -896,6 +1011,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some("}"),
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
+                       "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
@@ -904,14 +1020,19 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8]" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()"),
                        "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()"),
 
-                       "str" if is_ref => Some(".into()"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()).unwrap()"),
+                       "str" if is_ref => Some(".into_str()"),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(".into_string()"),
+                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(".to_rust()"),
+
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(")"),
+                       "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("))"),
 
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(")"),
+                       "bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                => Some(".into_rust()"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
@@ -928,11 +1049,11 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(" }[..]).unwrap()"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data)"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data)"),
 
                        // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
                        "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
@@ -970,6 +1091,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwentyBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes { data: "),
@@ -979,19 +1101,24 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[usize]" if is_ref => Some("local_"),
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "String" => Some(""),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(""),
 
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(""),
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(""),
+                       "std::time::SystemTime" => Some(""),
                        "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::IOError::from_rust("),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bech32::u5" => Some(""),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey::from_rust(&"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature::from_rust(&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature::from_rust(&"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if is_ref => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey::from_rust("),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error::from_rust("),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error::from_rust("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(&"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction::from_bitcoin("),
@@ -1005,15 +1132,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
 
                        // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
 
                        // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
                        "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some("local_"),
@@ -1032,6 +1160,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
@@ -1041,20 +1170,25 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[usize]" if is_ref => Some(""),
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some(".into()"),
-                       "String" if !is_ref => Some(".into_bytes().into()"),
-                       "String" if is_ref => Some(".as_str().into()"),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" if is_ref => Some(".as_str().into()"),
+                       "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(".into()"),
 
-                       "std::time::Duration" => Some(".as_secs()"),
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(".as_secs()"),
+                       "std::time::SystemTime" => Some(".duration_since(::std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).expect(\"Times must be post-1970\").as_secs()"),
                        "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"
+                       "bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
                                => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if !is_ref => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
                                if is_ref => Some(".as_ref()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
+                               if !is_ref => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("[..])"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(".into_bytes().into()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction" => Some(")"),
@@ -1067,15 +1201,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if !is_ref => Some(".into_inner() }"),
 
                        // Newtypes that we just expose in their original form.
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(".as_inner()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if is_ref => Some(".as_inner()"),
-                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => Some(".into_inner() }"),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if is_ref => Some(".as_inner()"),
+                       "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
+                               if !is_ref => Some(".into_inner() }"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some(".as_ref().clone() }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentHash" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentPreimage" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some(".0 }"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" => Some(".0 }"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" => Some(".0 }"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".0 }"),
 
                        // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
                        "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some(".as_ptr()"),
@@ -1086,8 +1221,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
        fn empty_val_check_suffix_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> Option<&str> {
                match full_path {
-                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data == [0; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(".is_null()"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data == [0; 32]"),
+                       "secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(".is_null()"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".is_null()"),
                        _ => None
                }
@@ -1128,7 +1263,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        }
        /// Returns true if the path is a "transparent" container, ie an Option or a container which does
        /// not require a generated continer class.
-       fn is_path_transparent_container(&self, full_path: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
+       pub fn is_path_transparent_container(&self, full_path: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
                let inner_iter = match &full_path.segments.last().unwrap().arguments {
                        syn::PathArguments::None => return false,
                        syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) => args.args.iter().map(|arg| {
@@ -1155,24 +1290,36 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        (").into(), Err(mut e) => crate::c_types::CResultTempl::err(".to_string(), "e".to_string())],
                                                ").into() }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
-                       "Vec" if !is_ref => {
+                       "Vec" => {
+                               if is_ref {
+                                       // We should only get here if the single contained has an inner
+                                       assert!(self.c_type_has_inner(single_contained.unwrap()));
+                               }
                                Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".drain(..) {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
                        "Slice" => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "*item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
+                               Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
                        "Option" => {
-                               if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
-                                       let inner_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
+                               let contained_struct = if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
+                                       Some(self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
+                               } else if let Some(syn::Type::Reference(r)) = single_contained {
+                                       if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
+                                               Some(self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
+                                       } else { None }
+                               } else { None };
+                               if let Some(inner_path) = contained_struct {
                                        if self.is_primitive(&inner_path) {
                                                return Some(("if ", vec![
                                                        (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::COption_{}Z::None }} else {{ ", Self::generated_container_path(), inner_path),
                                                         format!("{}::COption_{}Z::Some({}.unwrap())", Self::generated_container_path(), inner_path, var_access))
                                                        ], " }", ContainerPrefixLocation::NoPrefix));
                                        } else if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&inner_path) {
+                                               let is_inner_ref = if let Some(syn::Type::Reference(_)) = single_contained { true } else { false };
                                                if is_ref {
                                                        return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null() } else { ".to_owned(), format!("({}.as_ref().unwrap())", var_access))
+                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null() } else { ".to_owned(),
+                                                                       format!("({}{}.unwrap())", var_access, if is_inner_ref { "" } else { ".as_ref()" }))
                                                                ], " }", ContainerPrefixLocation::OutsideConv));
                                                } else {
                                                        return Some(("if ", vec![
@@ -1271,9 +1418,22 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                self.types.get_declared_type(ident)
        }
        /// Returns true if the object at the given path is mapped as X { inner: *mut origX, .. }.
-       pub fn c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool{
+       pub fn c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
                self.crate_types.opaques.get(full_path).is_some()
        }
+       /// Returns true if the object at the given path is mapped as X { inner: *mut origX, .. }.
+       pub fn c_type_has_inner(&self, ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
+               match ty {
+                       syn::Type::Path(p) => {
+                               let full_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, None);
+                               self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&full_path)
+                       },
+                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
+                               self.c_type_has_inner(&*r.elem)
+                       },
+                       _ => false,
+               }
+       }
 
        pub fn maybe_resolve_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
                self.types.maybe_resolve_ident(id)
@@ -1423,6 +1583,9 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        /// unint'd memory).
        pub fn write_empty_rust_val<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type) {
                match t {
+                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
+                               self.write_empty_rust_val(generics, w, &*r.elem)
+                       },
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
                                if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() {
@@ -1458,7 +1621,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                split.next().unwrap();
                                let tail_str = split.next().unwrap();
                                assert!(split.next().is_none());
-                               let len = &tail_str[..tail_str.len() - 1];
+                               let len = usize::from_str_radix(&tail_str[..tail_str.len() - 1], 10).unwrap();
                                Some(parse_quote!([u8; #len]))
                        } else { None }
                } else { None }
@@ -1468,6 +1631,9 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        /// See EmptyValExpectedTy for information on return types.
        fn write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type) -> EmptyValExpectedTy {
                match t {
+                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
+                               return self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, w, &*r.elem);
+                       },
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
                                if let Some(arr_ty) = self.is_real_type_array(&resolved) {
@@ -1509,6 +1675,9 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        /// Prints a suffix to determine if a variable is empty (ie was set by write_empty_rust_val).
        pub fn write_empty_rust_val_check<W: std::io::Write>(&self, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, var_access: &str) {
                match t {
+                       syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
+                               self.write_empty_rust_val_check(generics, w, &*r.elem, var_access);
+                       },
                        syn::Type::Path(_) => {
                                write!(w, "{}", var_access).unwrap();
                                self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, w, t);
@@ -1569,7 +1738,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        LP: Fn(&str, bool, bool) -> Option<String>, DL: Fn(&mut W, &DeclType, &str, bool, bool), SC: Fn(bool, Option<&str>) -> String>
                        (&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool,
                         tupleconv: &str, prefix: bool, sliceconv: SC, path_lookup: LP, decl_lookup: DL) {
-               match t {
+               match generics.resolve_type(t) {
                        syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
                                self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, &*r.elem, generics, true, r.mutability.is_some(),
                                        ptr_for_ref, tupleconv, prefix, sliceconv, path_lookup, decl_lookup);
@@ -1667,7 +1836,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        }
 
        fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, from_ptr: bool) {
-               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, ptr_for_ref, "0u8 /*", true, |_, _| "local_".to_owned(),
+               self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, ptr_for_ref, "() /*", true, |_, _| "local_".to_owned(),
                                |a, b, c| self.to_c_conversion_inline_prefix_from_path(a, b, c),
                                |w, decl_type, decl_path, is_ref, _is_mut| {
                                        match decl_type {
@@ -1826,13 +1995,15 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                // pretty manual here and most of the below special-cases are for Options.
                                let mut needs_ref_map = false;
                                let mut only_contained_type = None;
+                               let mut only_contained_type_nonref = None;
                                let mut only_contained_has_inner = false;
                                let mut contains_slice = false;
                                if $args_len == 1 {
                                        only_contained_has_inner = ty_has_inner;
                                        let arg = $args_iter().next().unwrap();
                                        if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = arg {
-                                               only_contained_type = Some(&*t.elem);
+                                               only_contained_type = Some(arg);
+                                               only_contained_type_nonref = Some(&*t.elem);
                                                if let syn::Type::Path(_) = &*t.elem {
                                                        is_ref = true;
                                                } else if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*t.elem {
@@ -1843,7 +2014,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                // do an extra mapping step.
                                                needs_ref_map = !only_contained_has_inner;
                                        } else {
-                                               only_contained_type = Some(&arg);
+                                               only_contained_type = Some(arg);
+                                               only_contained_type_nonref = Some(arg);
                                        }
                                }
 
@@ -1860,7 +2032,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                write!(&mut var, "{}", var_name).unwrap();
                                                let var_access = String::from_utf8(var.into_inner()).unwrap();
 
-                                               let conv_ty = if needs_ref_map { only_contained_type.as_ref().unwrap() } else { ty };
+                                               let conv_ty = if needs_ref_map { only_contained_type_nonref.as_ref().unwrap() } else { ty };
 
                                                write!(w, "{} {{ ", pfx).unwrap();
                                                let new_var_name = format!("{}_{}", ident, idx);
@@ -1899,7 +2071,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        } }
                }
 
-               match t {
+               match generics.resolve_type(t) {
                        syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
                                if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*r.elem {
                                        self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
@@ -2298,6 +2470,13 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                }
                self.write_c_mangled_container_path_intern(w, args, generics, ident, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, false)
        }
+       pub fn get_c_mangled_container_type(&self, args: Vec<&syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, template_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
+               let mut out = Vec::new();
+               if !self.write_c_mangled_container_path(&mut out, args, generics, template_name, false, false, false) {
+                       return None;
+               }
+               Some(String::from_utf8(out).unwrap())
+       }
 
        // **********************************
        // *** C Type Equivalent Printing ***
@@ -2336,7 +2515,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                }
        }
        fn write_c_type_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               match t {
+               match generics.resolve_type(t) {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                if p.qself.is_some() {
                                        return false;