Add support for witnesses via a manual mapping
[ldk-c-bindings] / c-bindings-gen / src / types.rs
index 7f53019785a971af285dc3a4dd1127e9d8e08992..7132918f19bb44c293bf6cc22c8c81b232fd0a49 100644 (file)
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ pub fn get_single_remaining_path_seg<'a, I: Iterator<Item=&'a syn::PathSegment>>
        } else { None }
 }
 
+pub fn first_seg_is_stdlib(first_seg_str: &str) -> bool {
+       first_seg_str == "std" || first_seg_str == "core" || first_seg_str == "alloc"
+}
+
 pub fn single_ident_generic_path_to_ident(p: &syn::Path) -> Option<&syn::Ident> {
        if p.segments.len() == 1 {
                Some(&p.segments.iter().next().unwrap().ident)
@@ -61,6 +65,17 @@ pub fn path_matches_nongeneric(p: &syn::Path, exp: &[&str]) -> bool {
        true
 }
 
+pub fn string_path_to_syn_path(path: &str) -> syn::Path {
+       let mut segments = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
+       for seg in path.split("::") {
+               segments.push(syn::PathSegment {
+                       ident: syn::Ident::new(seg, Span::call_site()),
+                       arguments: syn::PathArguments::None,
+               });
+       }
+       syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ExportStatus {
        Export,
@@ -106,8 +121,7 @@ pub fn export_status(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> ExportStatus {
                                                                        }
                                                                        if all_test { return ExportStatus::TestOnly; }
                                                                }
-                                                       } else if i == "test" || i == "feature" {
-                                                               // If its cfg(feature(...)) we assume its test-only
+                                                       } else if i == "test" {
                                                                return ExportStatus::TestOnly;
                                                        }
                                                }
@@ -133,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn export_status(attrs: &[syn::Attribute]) -> ExportStatus {
 }
 
 pub fn assert_simple_bound(bound: &syn::TraitBound) {
-       if bound.paren_token.is_some() || bound.lifetimes.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
+       if bound.paren_token.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
        if let syn::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe(_) = bound.modifier { unimplemented!(); }
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +190,7 @@ pub struct GenericTypes<'a, 'b> {
        self_ty: Option<String>,
        parent: Option<&'b GenericTypes<'b, 'b>>,
        typed_generics: HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, String>,
-       default_generics: HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, (syn::Type, syn::Type)>,
+       default_generics: HashMap<&'a syn::Ident, (syn::Type, syn::Type, syn::Type)>,
 }
 impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
        pub fn new(self_ty: Option<String>) -> Self {
@@ -191,10 +205,10 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
        }
 
        /// Learn the generics in generics in the current context, given a TypeResolver.
-       pub fn learn_generics<'b, 'c>(&mut self, generics: &'a syn::Generics, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) -> bool {
+       pub fn learn_generics_with_impls<'b, 'c>(&mut self, generics: &'a syn::Generics, impld_generics: &'a syn::PathArguments, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) -> bool {
                let mut new_typed_generics = HashMap::new();
                // First learn simple generics...
-               for generic in generics.params.iter() {
+               for (idx, generic) in generics.params.iter().enumerate() {
                        match generic {
                                syn::GenericParam::Type(type_param) => {
                                        let mut non_lifetimes_processed = false;
@@ -212,20 +226,25 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                                                if non_lifetimes_processed { return false; }
                                                                non_lifetimes_processed = true;
                                                                if path != "std::ops::Deref" && path != "core::ops::Deref" {
+                                                                       let p = string_path_to_syn_path(&path);
+                                                                       let ref_ty = parse_quote!(&#p);
+                                                                       let mut_ref_ty = parse_quote!(&mut #p);
+                                                                       self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: p }), ref_ty, mut_ref_ty));
                                                                        new_typed_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, Some(path));
-                                                               } else if trait_bound.path.segments.len() == 1 {
+                                                               } else {
                                                                        // If we're templated on Deref<Target = ConcreteThing>, store
                                                                        // the reference type in `default_generics` which handles full
                                                                        // types and not just paths.
                                                                        if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(ref args) =
                                                                                        trait_bound.path.segments[0].arguments {
+                                                                               assert_eq!(trait_bound.path.segments.len(), 1);
                                                                                for subargument in args.args.iter() {
                                                                                        match subargument {
                                                                                                syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(_) => {},
                                                                                                syn::GenericArgument::Binding(ref b) => {
                                                                                                        if &format!("{}", b.ident) != "Target" { return false; }
                                                                                                        let default = &b.ty;
-                                                                                                       self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (parse_quote!(&#default), parse_quote!(&#default)));
+                                                                                                       self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (parse_quote!(&#default), parse_quote!(&#default), parse_quote!(&mut #default)));
                                                                                                        break 'bound_loop;
                                                                                                },
                                                                                                _ => unimplemented!(),
@@ -240,7 +259,16 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                        }
                                        if let Some(default) = type_param.default.as_ref() {
                                                assert!(type_param.bounds.is_empty());
-                                               self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (default.clone(), parse_quote!(&#default)));
+                                               self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (default.clone(), parse_quote!(&#default), parse_quote!(&mut #default)));
+                                       } else if type_param.bounds.is_empty() {
+                                               if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = impld_generics {
+                                                       match &args.args[idx] {
+                                                               syn::GenericArgument::Type(ty) => {
+                                                                       self.default_generics.insert(&type_param.ident, (ty.clone(), parse_quote!(&#ty), parse_quote!(&mut #ty)));
+                                                               }
+                                                               _ => unimplemented!(),
+                                                       }
+                                               }
                                        }
                                },
                                _ => {},
@@ -251,10 +279,12 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                        for pred in wh.predicates.iter() {
                                if let syn::WherePredicate::Type(t) = pred {
                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &t.bounded_ty {
+                                               if first_seg_self(&t.bounded_ty).is_some() && p.path.segments.len() == 1 { continue; }
                                                if p.qself.is_some() { return false; }
                                                if p.path.leading_colon.is_some() { return false; }
                                                let mut p_iter = p.path.segments.iter();
-                                               if let Some(gen) = new_typed_generics.get_mut(&p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) {
+                                               let p_ident = &p_iter.next().unwrap().ident;
+                                               if let Some(gen) = new_typed_generics.get_mut(p_ident) {
                                                        if gen.is_some() { return false; }
                                                        if &format!("{}", p_iter.next().unwrap().ident) != "Target" {return false; }
 
@@ -267,7 +297,19 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                                                        if non_lifetimes_processed { return false; }
                                                                        non_lifetimes_processed = true;
                                                                        assert_simple_bound(&trait_bound);
-                                                                       *gen = Some(types.resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None));
+                                                                       let resolved = types.resolve_path(&trait_bound.path, None);
+                                                                       let ty = syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+                                                                               qself: None, path: string_path_to_syn_path(&resolved)
+                                                                       });
+                                                                       let ref_ty = parse_quote!(&#ty);
+                                                                       let mut_ref_ty = parse_quote!(&mut #ty);
+                                                                       if types.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved).is_some() {
+                                                                               self.default_generics.insert(p_ident, (ty, ref_ty, mut_ref_ty));
+                                                                       } else {
+                                                                               self.default_generics.insert(p_ident, (ref_ty.clone(), ref_ty, mut_ref_ty));
+                                                                       }
+
+                                                                       *gen = Some(resolved);
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                } else { return false; }
@@ -283,6 +325,11 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                true
        }
 
+       /// Learn the generics in generics in the current context, given a TypeResolver.
+       pub fn learn_generics<'b, 'c>(&mut self, generics: &'a syn::Generics, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) -> bool {
+               self.learn_generics_with_impls(generics, &syn::PathArguments::None, types)
+       }
+
        /// Learn the associated types from the trait in the current context.
        pub fn learn_associated_types<'b, 'c>(&mut self, t: &'a syn::ItemTrait, types: &'b TypeResolver<'a, 'c>) {
                for item in t.items.iter() {
@@ -290,46 +337,34 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
                                &syn::TraitItem::Type(ref t) => {
                                        if t.default.is_some() || t.generics.lt_token.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
                                        let mut bounds_iter = t.bounds.iter();
-                                       match bounds_iter.next().unwrap() {
-                                               syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(tr) => {
-                                                       assert_simple_bound(&tr);
-                                                       if let Some(path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&tr.path, None) {
-                                                               if types.skip_path(&path) { continue; }
-                                                               // In general we handle Deref<Target=X> as if it were just X (and
-                                                               // implement Deref<Target=Self> for relevant types). We don't
-                                                               // bother to implement it for associated types, however, so we just
-                                                               // ignore such bounds.
-                                                               if path != "std::ops::Deref" && path != "core::ops::Deref" {
-                                                                       self.typed_generics.insert(&t.ident, path);
+                                       loop {
+                                               match bounds_iter.next().unwrap() {
+                                                       syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(tr) => {
+                                                               assert_simple_bound(&tr);
+                                                               if let Some(path) = types.maybe_resolve_path(&tr.path, None) {
+                                                                       if types.skip_path(&path) { continue; }
+                                                                       // In general we handle Deref<Target=X> as if it were just X (and
+                                                                       // implement Deref<Target=Self> for relevant types). We don't
+                                                                       // bother to implement it for associated types, however, so we just
+                                                                       // ignore such bounds.
+                                                                       if path != "std::ops::Deref" && path != "core::ops::Deref" {
+                                                                               self.typed_generics.insert(&t.ident, path);
+                                                                       }
+                                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                                                               for bound in bounds_iter {
+                                                                       if let syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(_) = bound { unimplemented!(); }
                                                                }
-                                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
-                                               },
-                                               _ => unimplemented!(),
+                                                               break;
+                                                       },
+                                                       syn::TypeParamBound::Lifetime(_) => {},
+                                               }
                                        }
-                                       if bounds_iter.next().is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
                                },
                                _ => {},
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       /// Attempt to resolve an Ident as a generic parameter and return the full path.
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_ident<'b>(&'b self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&'b String> {
-               if let Some(ty) = &self.self_ty {
-                       if format!("{}", ident) == "Self" {
-                               return Some(&ty);
-                       }
-               }
-               if let Some(res) = self.typed_generics.get(ident) {
-                       return Some(res);
-               }
-               if let Some(parent) = self.parent {
-                       parent.maybe_resolve_ident(ident)
-               } else {
-                       None
-               }
-       }
-
        /// Attempt to resolve a Path as a generic parameter and return the full path. as both a string
        /// and syn::Path.
        pub fn maybe_resolve_path<'b>(&'b self, path: &syn::Path) -> Option<&'b String> {
@@ -361,31 +396,35 @@ impl<'a, 'p: 'a> GenericTypes<'a, 'p> {
        }
 }
 
-trait ResolveType<'a> { fn resolve_type(&'a self, ty: &'a syn::Type) -> &'a syn::Type; }
+pub trait ResolveType<'a> { fn resolve_type(&'a self, ty: &'a syn::Type) -> &'a syn::Type; }
 impl<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b> ResolveType<'c> for Option<&GenericTypes<'a, 'b>> {
        fn resolve_type(&'c self, ty: &'c syn::Type) -> &'c syn::Type {
                if let Some(us) = self {
                        match ty {
                                syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                        if let Some(ident) = p.path.get_ident() {
-                                               if let Some((ty, _)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
-                                                       return ty;
+                                               if let Some((ty, _, _)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
+                                                       return self.resolve_type(ty);
                                                }
                                        }
                                },
-                               syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) => {
+                               syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, mutability, .. }) => {
                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &**elem {
                                                if let Some(ident) = p.path.get_ident() {
-                                                       if let Some((_, refty)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
-                                                               return refty;
+                                                       if let Some((_, refty, mut_ref_ty)) = us.default_generics.get(ident) {
+                                                               if mutability.is_some() {
+                                                                       return self.resolve_type(mut_ref_ty);
+                                                               } else {
+                                                                       return self.resolve_type(refty);
+                                                               }
                                                        }
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                                _ => {},
                        }
-               }
-               ty
+                       us.parent.resolve_type(ty)
+               } else { ty }
        }
 }
 
@@ -394,23 +433,25 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'c: 'a + 'b> ResolveType<'c> for Option<&GenericTypes<'a, 'b>> {
 pub enum DeclType<'a> {
        MirroredEnum,
        Trait(&'a syn::ItemTrait),
-       StructImported,
+       StructImported { generics: &'a syn::Generics  },
        StructIgnored,
-       EnumIgnored,
+       EnumIgnored { generics: &'a syn::Generics },
 }
 
 pub struct ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> {
-       crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str,
-       dependencies: &'mod_lifetime HashSet<syn::Ident>,
+       pub crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str,
+       library: &'crate_lft FullLibraryAST,
        module_path: &'mod_lifetime str,
        imports: HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>,
        declared: HashMap<syn::Ident, DeclType<'crate_lft>>,
        priv_modules: HashSet<syn::Ident>,
 }
 impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft> {
-       fn process_use_intern(crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>,
-                       u: &syn::UseTree, partial_path: &str, mut path: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<syn::PathSegment, syn::token::Colon2>) {
-
+       fn walk_use_intern<F: FnMut(syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path))>(
+               crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, u: &syn::UseTree,
+               partial_path: &str,
+               mut path: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<syn::PathSegment, syn::token::Colon2>, handle_use: &mut F
+       ) {
                let new_path;
                macro_rules! push_path {
                        ($ident: expr, $path_suffix: expr) => {
@@ -423,10 +464,23 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                        for module in super_mod.split("::") {
                                                path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: syn::Ident::new(module, Span::call_site()), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
                                        }
+                               } else if partial_path == "" && format!("{}", $ident) == "self" {
+                                       new_path = format!("{}{}", module_path, $path_suffix);
+                                       for module in module_path.split("::") {
+                                               path.push(syn::PathSegment { ident: syn::Ident::new(module, Span::call_site()), arguments: syn::PathArguments::None });
+                                       }
+                               } else if partial_path == "" && format!("{}", $ident) == "crate" {
+                                       new_path = format!("{}{}", crate_name, $path_suffix);
+                                       let crate_name_ident = format_ident!("{}", crate_name);
+                                       path.push(parse_quote!(#crate_name_ident));
                                } else if partial_path == "" && !dependencies.contains(&$ident) {
                                        new_path = format!("{}::{}{}", crate_name, $ident, $path_suffix);
                                        let crate_name_ident = format_ident!("{}", crate_name);
                                        path.push(parse_quote!(#crate_name_ident));
+                               } else if format!("{}", $ident) == "self" {
+                                       let mut path_iter = partial_path.rsplitn(2, "::");
+                                       path_iter.next().unwrap();
+                                       new_path = path_iter.next().unwrap().to_owned();
                                } else {
                                        new_path = format!("{}{}{}", partial_path, $ident, $path_suffix);
                                }
@@ -437,20 +491,21 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                match u {
                        syn::UseTree::Path(p) => {
                                push_path!(p.ident, "::");
-                               Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, &p.tree, &new_path, path);
+                               Self::walk_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, &p.tree, &new_path, path, handle_use);
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Name(n) => {
                                push_path!(n.ident, "");
-                               imports.insert(n.ident.clone(), (new_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
+                               let imported_ident = syn::Ident::new(new_path.rsplitn(2, "::").next().unwrap(), Span::call_site());
+                               handle_use(imported_ident, (new_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Group(g) => {
                                for i in g.items.iter() {
-                                       Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, i, partial_path, path.clone());
+                                       Self::walk_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, i, partial_path, path.clone(), handle_use);
                                }
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Rename(r) => {
                                push_path!(r.ident, "");
-                               imports.insert(r.rename.clone(), (new_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
+                               handle_use(r.rename.clone(), (new_path, syn::Path { leading_colon: Some(syn::Token![::](Span::call_site())), segments: path }));
                        },
                        syn::UseTree::Glob(_) => {
                                eprintln!("Ignoring * use for {} - this may result in resolution failures", partial_path);
@@ -458,12 +513,15 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                }
        }
 
+       fn process_use_intern(crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>,
+               imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::UseTree, partial_path: &str,
+               path: syn::punctuated::Punctuated<syn::PathSegment, syn::token::Colon2>
+       ) {
+               Self::walk_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, u, partial_path, path,
+                       &mut |k, v| { imports.insert(k, v); });
+       }
+
        fn process_use(crate_name: &str, module_path: &str, dependencies: &HashSet<syn::Ident>, imports: &mut HashMap<syn::Ident, (String, syn::Path)>, u: &syn::ItemUse) {
-               if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = u.vis {
-                       // We actually only use these for #[cfg(fuzztarget)]
-                       eprintln!("Ignoring pub(use) tree!");
-                       return;
-               }
                if u.leading_colon.is_some() { eprintln!("Ignoring leading-colon use!"); return; }
                Self::process_use_intern(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, imports, &u.tree, "", syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new());
        }
@@ -474,13 +532,14 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                imports.insert(ident, (id.to_owned(), path));
        }
 
-       pub fn new(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, dependencies: &'mod_lifetime HashSet<syn::Ident>, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &'crate_lft [syn::Item]) -> Self {
-               Self::from_borrowed_items(crate_name, dependencies, module_path, &contents.iter().map(|a| a).collect::<Vec<_>>())
+       pub fn new(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, library: &'crate_lft FullLibraryAST, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &'crate_lft [syn::Item]) -> Self {
+               Self::from_borrowed_items(crate_name, library, module_path, &contents.iter().map(|a| a).collect::<Vec<_>>())
        }
-       pub fn from_borrowed_items(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, dependencies: &'mod_lifetime HashSet<syn::Ident>, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &[&'crate_lft syn::Item]) -> Self {
+       pub fn from_borrowed_items(crate_name: &'mod_lifetime str, library: &'crate_lft FullLibraryAST, module_path: &'mod_lifetime str, contents: &[&'crate_lft syn::Item]) -> Self {
                let mut imports = HashMap::new();
                // Add primitives to the "imports" list:
                Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "bool");
+               Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u128");
                Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u64");
                Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u32");
                Self::insert_primitive(&mut imports, "u16");
@@ -500,11 +559,11 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
 
                for item in contents.iter() {
                        match item {
-                               syn::Item::Use(u) => Self::process_use(crate_name, module_path, dependencies, &mut imports, &u),
+                               syn::Item::Use(u) => Self::process_use(crate_name, module_path, &library.dependencies, &mut imports, &u),
                                syn::Item::Struct(s) => {
                                        if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = s.vis {
                                                match export_status(&s.attrs) {
-                                                       ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported); },
+                                                       ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported { generics: &s.generics }); },
                                                        ExportStatus::NoExport => { declared.insert(s.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructIgnored); },
                                                        ExportStatus::TestOnly => continue,
                                                        ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
@@ -513,20 +572,13 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                },
                                syn::Item::Type(t) if export_status(&t.attrs) == ExportStatus::Export => {
                                        if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = t.vis {
-                                               let mut process_alias = true;
-                                               for tok in t.generics.params.iter() {
-                                                       if let syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = tok {}
-                                                       else { process_alias = false; }
-                                               }
-                                               if process_alias {
-                                                       declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported);
-                                               }
+                                               declared.insert(t.ident.clone(), DeclType::StructImported { generics: &t.generics });
                                        }
                                },
                                syn::Item::Enum(e) => {
                                        if let syn::Visibility::Public(_) = e.vis {
                                                match export_status(&e.attrs) {
-                                                       ExportStatus::Export if is_enum_opaque(e) => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::EnumIgnored); },
+                                                       ExportStatus::Export if is_enum_opaque(e) => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::EnumIgnored { generics: &e.generics }); },
                                                        ExportStatus::Export => { declared.insert(e.ident.clone(), DeclType::MirroredEnum); },
                                                        ExportStatus::NotImplementable => panic!("(C-not implementable) should only appear on traits!"),
                                                        _ => continue,
@@ -550,11 +602,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                        }
                }
 
-               Self { crate_name, dependencies, module_path, imports, declared, priv_modules }
-       }
-
-       pub fn get_declared_type(&self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&DeclType<'crate_lft>> {
-               self.declared.get(ident)
+               Self { crate_name, library, module_path, imports, declared, priv_modules }
        }
 
        pub fn maybe_resolve_declared(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&DeclType<'crate_lft>> {
@@ -569,18 +617,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                } else { None }
        }
 
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               if let Some((imp, _)) = self.imports.get(id) {
-                       Some(imp.clone())
-               } else if let Some(decl_type) = self.declared.get(id) {
-                       match decl_type {
-                               DeclType::StructIgnored => None,
-                               _ => Some(self.module_path.to_string() + "::" + &format!("{}", id)),
-                       }
-               } else { None }
-       }
-
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_path(&self, p: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
+       fn maybe_resolve_imported_path(&self, p: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
                if let Some(gen_types) = generics {
                        if let Some(resp) = gen_types.maybe_resolve_path(p) {
                                return Some(resp.clone());
@@ -592,7 +629,7 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                format!("{}{}", if idx == 0 { "" } else { "::" }, seg.ident)
                        }).collect();
                        let firstseg = p.segments.iter().next().unwrap();
-                       if !self.dependencies.contains(&firstseg.ident) {
+                       if !self.library.dependencies.contains(&firstseg.ident) {
                                res = self.crate_name.to_owned() + "::" + &res;
                        }
                        Some(res)
@@ -617,12 +654,51 @@ impl<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'cr
                                }
                        } else if let Some(_) = self.priv_modules.get(&first_seg.ident) {
                                Some(format!("{}::{}{}", self.module_path, first_seg.ident, remaining))
-                       } else if first_seg_str == "std" || first_seg_str == "core" || self.dependencies.contains(&first_seg.ident) {
+                       } else if first_seg_is_stdlib(&first_seg_str) || self.library.dependencies.contains(&first_seg.ident) {
                                Some(first_seg_str + &remaining)
+                       } else if first_seg_str == "crate" {
+                               Some(self.crate_name.to_owned() + &remaining)
                        } else { None }
                }
        }
 
+       pub fn maybe_resolve_path(&self, p: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
+               self.maybe_resolve_imported_path(p, generics).map(|mut path| {
+                       loop {
+                               // Now that we've resolved the path to the path as-imported, check whether the path
+                               // is actually a pub(.*) use statement and map it to the real path.
+                               let path_tmp = path.clone();
+                               let crate_name = path_tmp.splitn(1, "::").next().unwrap();
+                               let mut module_riter = path_tmp.rsplitn(2, "::");
+                               let obj = module_riter.next().unwrap();
+                               if let Some(module_path) = module_riter.next() {
+                                       if let Some(m) = self.library.modules.get(module_path) {
+                                               for item in m.items.iter() {
+                                                       if let syn::Item::Use(syn::ItemUse { vis, tree, .. }) = item {
+                                                               match vis {
+                                                                       syn::Visibility::Public(_)|
+                                                                       syn::Visibility::Crate(_)|
+                                                                       syn::Visibility::Restricted(_) => {
+                                                                               Self::walk_use_intern(crate_name, module_path,
+                                                                                       &self.library.dependencies, tree, "",
+                                                                                       syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new(), &mut |ident, (use_path, _)| {
+                                                                                               if format!("{}", ident) == obj {
+                                                                                                       path = use_path;
+                                                                                               }
+                                                                               });
+                                                                       },
+                                                                       syn::Visibility::Inherited => {},
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       path
+               })
+       }
+
        /// Map all the Paths in a Type into absolute paths given a set of imports (generated via process_use_intern)
        pub fn resolve_imported_refs(&self, mut ty: syn::Type) -> syn::Type {
                match &mut ty {
@@ -689,6 +765,7 @@ impl FullLibraryAST {
                                                        let modname = if module != "" {
                                                                module.clone() + "::" + &modident
                                                        } else {
+                                                               self.dependencies.insert(m.ident);
                                                                modident.clone()
                                                        };
                                                        self.load_module(modname, m.attrs, m.content.unwrap().1);
@@ -721,15 +798,31 @@ impl FullLibraryAST {
 /// List of manually-generated types which are clonable
 fn initial_clonable_types() -> HashSet<String> {
        let mut res = HashSet::new();
-       res.insert("crate::c_types::u5".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::U5".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::U128".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::FourBytes".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::TwelveBytes".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::TwentyBytes".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::SecretKey".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::PublicKey".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::Transaction".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Witness".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::TxOut".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::Signature".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Bech32Error".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error".to_owned());
        res.insert("crate::c_types::IOError".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Error".to_owned());
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::Str".to_owned());
+
+       // Because some types are manually-mapped to CVec_u8Z we may end up checking if its clonable
+       // before we ever get to constructing the type fully via
+       // `write_c_mangled_container_path_intern` (which will add it here too), so we have to manually
+       // add it on startup.
+       res.insert("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z".to_owned());
        res
 }
 
@@ -737,7 +830,9 @@ fn initial_clonable_types() -> HashSet<String> {
 pub struct CrateTypes<'a> {
        /// This may contain structs or enums, but only when either is mapped as
        /// struct X { inner: *mut originalX, .. }
-       pub opaques: HashMap<String, &'a syn::Ident>,
+       pub opaques: HashMap<String, (&'a syn::Ident, &'a syn::Generics)>,
+       /// structs that weren't exposed
+       pub priv_structs: HashMap<String, &'a syn::Generics>,
        /// Enums which are mapped as C enums with conversion functions
        pub mirrored_enums: HashMap<String, &'a syn::ItemEnum>,
        /// Traits which are mapped as a pointer + jump table
@@ -745,7 +840,7 @@ pub struct CrateTypes<'a> {
        /// Aliases from paths to some other Type
        pub type_aliases: HashMap<String, syn::Type>,
        /// Value is an alias to Key (maybe with some generics)
-       pub reverse_alias_map: HashMap<String, Vec<(syn::Path, syn::PathArguments)>>,
+       pub reverse_alias_map: HashMap<String, Vec<(String, syn::PathArguments)>>,
        /// Template continer types defined, map from mangled type name -> whether a destructor fn
        /// exists.
        ///
@@ -767,7 +862,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateTypes<'a> {
                CrateTypes {
                        opaques: HashMap::new(), mirrored_enums: HashMap::new(), traits: HashMap::new(),
                        type_aliases: HashMap::new(), reverse_alias_map: HashMap::new(),
-                       templates_defined: RefCell::new(HashMap::default()),
+                       templates_defined: RefCell::new(HashMap::default()), priv_structs: HashMap::new(),
                        clonable_types: RefCell::new(initial_clonable_types()), trait_impls: HashMap::new(),
                        template_file: RefCell::new(template_file), lib_ast: &libast,
                }
@@ -789,7 +884,7 @@ impl<'a> CrateTypes<'a> {
 pub struct TypeResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft: 'mod_lifetime> {
        pub module_path: &'mod_lifetime str,
        pub crate_types: &'mod_lifetime CrateTypes<'crate_lft>,
-       types: ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft>,
+       pub types: ImportResolver<'mod_lifetime, 'crate_lft>,
 }
 
 /// Returned by write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix to indicate what type of dereferencing needs to
@@ -827,7 +922,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        // *************************************************
 
        /// Returns true we if can just skip passing this to C entirely
-       fn skip_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
+       pub fn skip_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
                full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Secp256k1" ||
                full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signing" ||
                full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Verification"
@@ -835,7 +930,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        /// Returns true we if can just skip passing this to C entirely
        fn no_arg_path_to_rust(&self, full_path: &str) -> &str {
                if full_path == "bitcoin::secp256k1::Secp256k1" {
-                       "secp256k1::SECP256K1"
+                       "secp256k1::global::SECP256K1"
                } else { unimplemented!(); }
        }
 
@@ -873,7 +968,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
                        "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwentyBytes"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes"),
+                       "[u8; 12]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwelveBytes"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes"),
                        "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThreeBytes"), // Used for RGB values
 
@@ -882,29 +977,40 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some("u64"),
                        "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("u64"),
-                       "std::io::Error" => Some("crate::c_types::IOError"),
+                       "std::io::Error"|"lightning::io::Error"|"lightning::io::ErrorKind" => Some("crate::c_types::IOError"),
+                       "core::fmt::Arguments" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Str"),
 
                        "core::convert::Infallible" => Some("crate::c_types::NotConstructable"),
 
-                       "bech32::u5" => Some("crate::c_types::u5"),
-                       "core::num::NonZeroU8" => Some("u8"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey"),
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::Error"|"bech32::Error"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Bech32Error"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error"),
+
+                       "core::num::ParseIntError" => Some("crate::c_types::Error"),
+                       "core::str::Utf8Error" => Some("crate::c_types::Error"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::u5"|"bech32::u5" => Some("crate::c_types::U5"),
+                       "u128" => Some("crate::c_types::U128"),
+                       "core::num::NonZeroU8" => Some("u8"),
+
+                       "secp256k1::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if is_ref  => Some("*const crate::c_types::BigEndianScalar"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::BigEndianScalar"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
+
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::derived::CVec_u8Z"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::lightning::chain::transaction::OutPoint"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction"),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" => Some("crate::c_types::Witness"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TxOut"),
                        "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some("crate::bitcoin::network::Network"),
+                       "bitcoin::util::address::WitnessVersion" => Some("crate::c_types::WitnessVersion"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref  => Some("*const [u8; 80]"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref  => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
 
@@ -919,14 +1025,12 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some("*const std::os::raw::c_char"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if is_ref => Some("*const [u8; 32]"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes"),
 
                        "lightning::io::Read" => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice"),
 
@@ -951,7 +1055,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "[u8; 12]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some(""),
 
@@ -960,36 +1064,45 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some(""),
                        "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(""),
-                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "std::io::Error"|"lightning::io::Error"|"lightning::io::ErrorKind" => Some(""),
                        // Note that we'll panic for String if is_ref, as we only have non-owned memory, we
                        // cannot create a &String.
 
                        "core::convert::Infallible" => Some("panic!(\"You must never construct a NotConstructable! : "),
 
-                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some("std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::Error"|"bech32::Error" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+
+                       "core::num::ParseIntError" => Some("u8::from_str_radix(\" a\", 10).unwrap_err() /*"),
+                       "core::str::Utf8Error" => Some("core::str::from_utf8(&[0xff]).unwrap_err() /*"),
+
+                       "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some("core::time::Duration::from_secs("),
                        "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("(::std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + std::time::Duration::from_secs("),
 
-                       "bech32::u5" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::u5"|"bech32::u5" => Some(""),
+                       "u128" => Some(""),
                        "core::num::NonZeroU8" => Some("core::num::NonZeroU8::new("),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey::from_slice(&unsafe { *"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::PublicKey" if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::RecoverableSignature" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey::from_slice(&unsafe { *"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if !is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret" if !is_ref => Some("::bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret::from_bytes("),
+
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script::from(Vec::from("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some("::bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script::from("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" if is_ref => Some("&"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::c_types::C_to_bitcoin_outpoint("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::util::address::WitnessVersion" => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" => Some("&::bitcoin::consensus::encode::deserialize(unsafe { &*"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some("&::bitcoin::consensus::encode::deserialize("),
 
@@ -1010,11 +1123,13 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::PaymentHash(unsafe { *"),
                        "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage("),
                        "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&::lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage(unsafe { *"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentSecret("),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::PaymentSecret("),
+                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId("),
+                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId" if is_ref=> Some("&::lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId( unsafe { *"),
+                       "lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial" if !is_ref => Some("::lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial("),
+                       "lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial" if is_ref=> Some("&::lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial( unsafe { *"),
 
                        // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
-                       "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
-
                        "lightning::io::Read" => Some("&mut "),
 
                        _ => None,
@@ -1033,7 +1148,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8; 32]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
+                       "[u8; 12]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
                        "[u8; 3]" if !is_ref => Some(".data"),
 
@@ -1042,30 +1157,40 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "str" if is_ref => Some(".into_str()"),
                        "alloc::string::String"|"String" => Some(".into_string()"),
-                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(".to_rust()"),
+                       "std::io::Error"|"lightning::io::Error" => Some(".to_rust()"),
+                       "lightning::io::ErrorKind" => Some(".to_rust_kind()"),
 
                        "core::convert::Infallible" => Some("\")"),
 
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::Error"|"bech32::Error" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
+
+                       "core::num::ParseIntError" => Some("*/"),
+                       "core::str::Utf8Error" => Some("*/"),
+
                        "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(")"),
                        "std::time::SystemTime" => Some("))"),
 
-                       "bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::u5"|"bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
+                       "u128" => Some(".into()"),
                        "core::num::NonZeroU8" => Some(").expect(\"Value must be non-zero\")"),
 
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if is_ref => Some("}[..]).unwrap()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::RecoverableSignature" => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some("}[..]).unwrap()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
+
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some(".to_slice()))"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust())"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" => Some(".into_bitcoin()"),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" => Some(".into_bitcoin()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(".into_rust()"),
                        "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(".into_bitcoin()"),
+                       "bitcoin::util::address::WitnessVersion" => Some(".into()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" => Some(" }).unwrap()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" => Some(".to_slice()).unwrap()"),
 
@@ -1077,15 +1202,14 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" if is_ref => Some(" }[..]).unwrap()"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data[..]).unwrap()"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(" })"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data)"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if !is_ref => Some(".data)"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if is_ref => Some(" })"),
 
                        // List of traits we map (possibly during processing of other files):
-                       "crate::util::logger::Logger" => Some(""),
-
                        "lightning::io::Read" => Some(".to_reader()"),
 
                        _ => None,
@@ -1104,9 +1228,6 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some(("::bitcoin::consensus::encode::serialize(", ")")),
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid" => None,
 
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       // TODO: We should include the other record fields
-                       "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some(("std::ffi::CString::new(format!(\"{}\", ", ".args)).unwrap()")),
                        _ => None,
                }.map(|s| s.to_owned())
        }
@@ -1123,7 +1244,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwentyBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SixteenBytes { data: "),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TenBytes { data: "),
+                       "[u8; 12]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TwelveBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::FourBytes { data: "),
                        "[u8; 3]" if is_ref => Some(""),
 
@@ -1135,29 +1256,41 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(""),
                        "std::time::SystemTime" => Some(""),
-                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::IOError::from_rust("),
+                       "std::io::Error"|"lightning::io::Error" => Some("crate::c_types::IOError::from_rust("),
+                       "lightning::io::ErrorKind" => Some("crate::c_types::IOError::from_rust_kind("),
+                       "core::fmt::Arguments" => Some("alloc::format!(\"{}\", "),
 
                        "core::convert::Infallible" => Some("panic!(\"Cannot construct an Infallible: "),
 
-                       "bech32::u5" => Some(""),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey::from_rust(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature::from_rust(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature::from_rust(&"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if is_ref => Some(""),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey::from_rust("),
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::Error"|"bech32::Error"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Bech32Error::from_rust("),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Secp256k1Error::from_rust("),
+
+                       "core::num::ParseIntError" => Some("crate::c_types::Error { _dummy: 0 } /*"),
+                       "core::str::Utf8Error" => Some("crate::c_types::Error { _dummy: 0 } /*"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::u5"|"bech32::u5" => Some(""),
+                       "u128" => Some(""),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some("crate::c_types::PublicKey::from_rust(&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some("crate::c_types::Signature::from_rust(&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::RecoverableSignature" => Some("crate::c_types::RecoverableSignature::from_rust(&"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some(""),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::SecretKey::from_rust("),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::BigEndianScalar::from_rust("),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
+
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(&"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction::from_bitcoin("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" => Some("crate::c_types::Transaction::from_bitcoin(&"),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Witness::from_bitcoin("),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::Witness::from_bitcoin(&"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some("crate::c_types::bitcoin_to_C_outpoint("),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::TxOut::from_rust("),
                        "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some("crate::bitcoin::network::Network::from_bitcoin("),
+                       "bitcoin::util::address::WitnessVersion" => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref => Some("&local_"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_slice(&local_"),
 
@@ -1169,14 +1302,12 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
                                if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some("&"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some("local_"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if is_ref => Some("&"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if !is_ref => Some("crate::c_types::ThirtyTwoBytes { data: "),
 
                        "lightning::io::Read" => Some("crate::c_types::u8slice::from_vec(&crate::c_types::reader_to_vec("),
 
@@ -1196,7 +1327,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "[u8; 32]" if is_ref => Some(""),
                        "[u8; 20]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 16]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
-                       "[u8; 10]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
+                       "[u8; 12]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 4]" if !is_ref => Some(" }"),
                        "[u8; 3]" if is_ref => Some(""),
 
@@ -1209,28 +1340,38 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                        "std::time::Duration"|"core::time::Duration" => Some(".as_secs()"),
                        "std::time::SystemTime" => Some(".duration_since(::std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).expect(\"Times must be post-1970\").as_secs()"),
-                       "std::io::Error" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
+                       "std::io::Error"|"lightning::io::Error"|"lightning::io::ErrorKind" => Some(")"),
+                       "core::fmt::Arguments" => Some(").into()"),
 
                        "core::convert::Infallible" => Some("\")"),
 
-                       "bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
-
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::key::PublicKey"
-                               => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::recovery::RecoverableSignature" => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"bech32::Error"
                                if !is_ref => Some(")"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::key::SecretKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey"
-                               if is_ref => Some(".as_ref()"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Error"|"secp256k1::Error"
                                if !is_ref => Some(")"),
+
+                       "core::num::ParseIntError" => Some("*/"),
+                       "core::str::Utf8Error" => Some("*/"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::bech32::u5"|"bech32::u5" => Some(".into()"),
+                       "u128" => Some(".into()"),
+
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey"|"secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::RecoverableSignature" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::SecretKey" if is_ref => Some(".as_ref()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Scalar" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdh::SharedSecret" if !is_ref => Some(".secret_bytes() }"),
+
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if is_ref => Some("[..])"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::script::Script" if !is_ref => Some(".into_bytes().into()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::Transaction"|"bitcoin::Transaction" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::Witness" => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::OutPoint" => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::transaction::TxOut" if !is_ref => Some(")"),
                        "bitcoin::network::constants::Network" => Some(")"),
+                       "bitcoin::util::address::WitnessVersion" => Some(".into()"),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::BlockHeader" if is_ref => Some(""),
                        "bitcoin::blockdata::block::Block" if is_ref => Some(")"),
 
@@ -1242,14 +1383,12 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        "bitcoin::hash_types::Txid"|"bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash"|"bitcoin_hashes::sha256::Hash"
                                if !is_ref => Some(".into_inner() }"),
                        "bitcoin::secp256k1::Message" if !is_ref => Some(".as_ref().clone() }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" if is_ref => Some(".0"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" => Some(".0 }"),
-                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".0 }"),
-
-                       // Override the default since Records contain an fmt with a lifetime:
-                       "lightning::util::logger::Record" => Some(".as_ptr()"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if is_ref => Some(".0"),
+                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash"|"lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage"|"lightning::ln::PaymentSecret"
+                       |"lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId"|"lightning::chain::keysinterface::KeyMaterial"
+                               if !is_ref => Some(".0 }"),
 
                        "lightning::io::Read" => Some("))"),
 
@@ -1260,8 +1399,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        fn empty_val_check_suffix_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> Option<&str> {
                match full_path {
                        "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => Some(".data == [0; 32]"),
-                       "secp256k1::key::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::key::PublicKey" => Some(".is_null()"),
-                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::Signature" => Some(".is_null()"),
+                       "secp256k1::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey" => Some(".is_null()"),
+                       "bitcoin::secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature" => Some(".is_null()"),
                        _ => None
                }
        }
@@ -1273,7 +1412,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        /// TODO: We should never need to use this!
        fn real_rust_type_mapping<'equiv>(&self, thing: &'equiv str) -> &'equiv str {
                match thing {
-                       "lightning::io::Read" => "std::io::Read",
+                       "lightning::io::Read" => "crate::c_types::io::Read",
                        _ => thing,
                }
        }
@@ -1293,20 +1432,61 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                "crate::c_types"
        }
 
+       /// This should just be a closure, but doing so gets an error like
+       /// error: reached the recursion limit while instantiating `types::TypeResolver::is_transpar...c/types.rs:1358:104: 1358:110]>>`
+       /// which implies the concrete function instantiation of `is_transparent_container` ends up
+       /// being recursive.
+       fn deref_type<'one, 'b: 'one> (obj: &'one &'b syn::Type) -> &'b syn::Type { *obj }
+
        /// Returns true if the path containing the given args is a "transparent" container, ie an
        /// Option or a container which does not require a generated continer class.
        fn is_transparent_container<'i, I: Iterator<Item=&'i syn::Type>>(&self, full_path: &str, _is_ref: bool, mut args: I, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
                if full_path == "Option" {
                        let inner = args.next().unwrap();
                        assert!(args.next().is_none());
-                       match inner {
-                               syn::Type::Reference(_) => true,
+                       match generics.resolve_type(inner) {
+                               syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
+                                       let elem = &*r.elem;
+                                       match elem {
+                                               syn::Type::Path(_) =>
+                                                       self.is_transparent_container(full_path, true, [elem].iter().map(Self::deref_type), generics),
+                                               _ => true,
+                                       }
+                               },
+                               syn::Type::Array(a) => {
+                                       if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
+                                               if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
+                                                       if i.base10_digits().parse::<usize>().unwrap() >= 32 {
+                                                               let mut buf = Vec::new();
+                                                               self.write_rust_type(&mut buf, generics, &a.elem, false);
+                                                               let ty = String::from_utf8(buf).unwrap();
+                                                               ty == "u8"
+                                                       } else {
+                                                               // Blindly assume that if we're trying to create an empty value for an
+                                                               // array < 32 entries that all-0s may be a valid state.
+                                                               unimplemented!();
+                                                       }
+                                               } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
+                               },
                                syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                        if let Some(resolved) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, generics) {
                                                if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&resolved) { return true; }
                                                if self.is_primitive(&resolved) { return false; }
-                                               if self.c_type_from_path(&resolved, false, false).is_some() { true } else { false }
-                                       } else { true }
+                                               // We want to move to using `Option_` mappings where possible rather than
+                                               // manual mappings, as it makes downstream bindings simpler and is more
+                                               // clear for users. Thus, we default to false but override for a few
+                                               // types which had mappings defined when we were avoiding the `Option_`s.
+                                               match &resolved as &str {
+                                                       "lightning::ln::PaymentSecret" => true,
+                                                       "lightning::ln::PaymentHash" => true,
+                                                       "lightning::ln::PaymentPreimage" => true,
+                                                       "lightning::ln::channelmanager::PaymentId" => true,
+                                                       "bitcoin::hash_types::BlockHash" => true,
+                                                       "secp256k1::PublicKey"|"bitcoin::secp256k1::PublicKey" => true,
+                                                       _ => false,
+                                               }
+                                       } else { unimplemented!(); }
                                },
                                syn::Type::Tuple(_) => false,
                                _ => unimplemented!(),
@@ -1350,42 +1530,78 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".drain(..) {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
                        "Slice" => {
-                               Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
+                               if let Some(syn::Type::Reference(_)) = single_contained {
+                                       Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "(*item)".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
+                               } else {
+                                       Some(("Vec::new(); for item in ", vec![(format!(".iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
+                               }
                        },
                        "Option" => {
+                               let mut is_contained_ref = false;
                                let contained_struct = if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
                                        Some(self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
                                } else if let Some(syn::Type::Reference(r)) = single_contained {
+                                       is_contained_ref = true;
                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
                                                Some(self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
                                        } else { None }
                                } else { None };
                                if let Some(inner_path) = contained_struct {
+                                       let only_contained_has_inner = self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&inner_path);
                                        if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&inner_path) {
                                                let is_inner_ref = if let Some(syn::Type::Reference(_)) = single_contained { true } else { false };
                                                if is_ref {
                                                        return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null() } else { ObjOps::nonnull_ptr_to_inner(".to_owned(),
+                                                               (".is_none() { core::ptr::null() } else { ObjOps::nonnull_ptr_to_inner(".to_owned(),
                                                                        format!("({}{}.unwrap())", var_access, if is_inner_ref { "" } else { ".as_ref()" }))
                                                                ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::OutsideConv));
                                                } else {
                                                        return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                               (".is_none() { std::ptr::null_mut() } else { ".to_owned(), format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
+                                                               (".is_none() { core::ptr::null_mut() } else { ".to_owned(), format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
                                                                ], " }", ContainerPrefixLocation::OutsideConv));
                                                }
-                                       } else if self.is_primitive(&inner_path) || self.c_type_from_path(&inner_path, false, false).is_none() {
-                                               let inner_name = self.get_c_mangled_container_type(vec![single_contained.unwrap()], generics, "Option").unwrap();
-                                               return Some(("if ", vec![
-                                                       (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::None }} else {{ {}::Some(",
-                                                               inner_name, inner_name),
-                                                        format!("{}.unwrap()", var_access))
-                                                       ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                       } else if !self.is_transparent_container("Option", is_ref, [single_contained.unwrap()].iter().map(|a| *a), generics) {
+                                               if self.is_primitive(&inner_path) || (!is_contained_ref && !is_ref) || only_contained_has_inner {
+                                                       let inner_name = self.get_c_mangled_container_type(vec![single_contained.unwrap()], generics, "Option").unwrap();
+                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
+                                                               (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::None }} else {{ {}::Some(", inner_name, inner_name),
+                                                                format!("{}.unwrap()", var_access))
+                                                               ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                               } else {
+                                                       let inner_name = self.get_c_mangled_container_type(vec![single_contained.unwrap()], generics, "Option").unwrap();
+                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
+                                                               (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::None }} else {{ {}::Some(/* WARNING: CLONING CONVERSION HERE! &Option<Enum> is otherwise un-expressable. */", inner_name, inner_name),
+                                                                format!("{}.clone().unwrap()", var_access))
+                                                               ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                               }
                                        } else {
                                                // If c_type_from_path is some (ie there's a manual mapping for the inner
                                                // type), lean on write_empty_rust_val, below.
                                        }
                                }
                                if let Some(t) = single_contained {
+                                       if let syn::Type::Tuple(syn::TypeTuple { elems, .. }) = t {
+                                               let inner_name = self.get_c_mangled_container_type(vec![single_contained.unwrap()], generics, "Option").unwrap();
+                                               if elems.is_empty() {
+                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
+                                                               (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::None }} else {{ {}::Some /* ",
+                                                                       inner_name, inner_name), format!(""))
+                                                               ], " */ }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                               } else {
+                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
+                                                               (format!(".is_none() {{ {}::None }} else {{ {}::Some(",
+                                                                       inner_name, inner_name), format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
+                                                               ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if let syn::Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) = t {
+                                               if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &**elem {
+                                                       return Some(("if ", vec![
+                                                                       (".is_none() { SmartPtr::null() } else { SmartPtr::from_obj(".to_string(),
+                                                                        format!("({}.unwrap())", var_access))
+                                                               ], ") }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv));
+                                               }
+                                       }
                                        let mut v = Vec::new();
                                        self.write_empty_rust_val(generics, &mut v, t);
                                        let s = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
@@ -1404,6 +1620,12 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        // Returns prefix + Vec<(prefix, var-name-to-inline-convert)> + suffix
                        // expecting one element in the vec per generic type, each of which is inline-converted
                        -> Option<(&'b str, Vec<(String, String)>, &'b str, ContainerPrefixLocation)> {
+               let mut only_contained_has_inner = false;
+               let only_contained_resolved = if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
+                       let res = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
+                       only_contained_has_inner = self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&res);
+                       Some(res)
+               } else { None };
                match full_path {
                        "Result" if !is_ref => {
                                Some(("match ",
@@ -1411,18 +1633,17 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                     ("), false => Err(".to_string(), format!("(*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(<*mut _>::take_ptr(&mut {}.contents.err)) }})", var_access))],
                                                ")}", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
-                       "Slice" if is_ref => {
+                       "Slice" if is_ref && only_contained_has_inner => {
                                Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".as_slice().iter() {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
                        "Vec"|"Slice" => {
                                Some(("Vec::new(); for mut item in ", vec![(format!(".into_rust().drain(..) {{ local_{}.push(", var_name), "item".to_string())], "); }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                        },
                        "Option" => {
-                               if let Some(syn::Type::Path(p)) = single_contained {
-                                       let inner_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       if self.is_primitive(&inner_path) {
+                               if let Some(resolved) = only_contained_resolved {
+                                       if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
                                                return Some(("if ", vec![(".is_some() { Some(".to_string(), format!("{}.take()", var_access))], ") } else { None }", ContainerPrefixLocation::NoPrefix))
-                                       } else if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&inner_path) {
+                                       } else if only_contained_has_inner {
                                                if is_ref {
                                                        return Some(("if ", vec![(".inner.is_null() { None } else { Some((*".to_string(), format!("{}", var_access))], ").clone()) }", ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv))
                                                } else {
@@ -1433,7 +1654,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
 
                                if let Some(t) = single_contained {
                                        match t {
-                                               syn::Type::Reference(_)|syn::Type::Path(_)|syn::Type::Slice(_) => {
+                                               syn::Type::Reference(_)|syn::Type::Path(_)|syn::Type::Slice(_)|syn::Type::Array(_) => {
                                                        let mut v = Vec::new();
                                                        let ret_ref = self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, &mut v, t);
                                                        let s = String::from_utf8(v).unwrap();
@@ -1511,9 +1732,6 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        // *** Type definition during main.rs processing ***
        // *************************************************
 
-       pub fn get_declared_type(&'a self, ident: &syn::Ident) -> Option<&'a DeclType<'c>> {
-               self.types.get_declared_type(ident)
-       }
        /// Returns true if the object at the given path is mapped as X { inner: *mut origX, .. }.
        pub fn c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self, full_path: &str) -> bool {
                self.crate_types.opaques.get(full_path).is_some()
@@ -1538,10 +1756,6 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                self.types.maybe_resolve_ident(id)
        }
 
-       pub fn maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(&self, id: &syn::Ident) -> Option<String> {
-               self.types.maybe_resolve_non_ignored_ident(id)
-       }
-
        pub fn maybe_resolve_path(&self, p_arg: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> Option<String> {
                self.types.maybe_resolve_path(p_arg, generics)
        }
@@ -1562,7 +1776,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                }
        }
 
-       fn write_rust_path<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, path: &syn::Path) {
+       fn write_rust_path<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, path: &syn::Path, with_ref_lifetime: bool, generated_crate_ref: bool) {
                if let Some(resolved) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, generics_resolver) {
                        if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
                                write!(w, "{}", path.get_ident().unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -1571,16 +1785,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                // checking for "bitcoin" explicitly.
                                if resolved.starts_with("bitcoin::") || Self::in_rust_prelude(&resolved) {
                                        write!(w, "{}", resolved).unwrap();
-                               // If we're printing a generic argument, it needs to reference the crate, otherwise
-                               // the original crate:
-                               } else if self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, None).as_ref() == Some(&resolved) {
+                               } else if !generated_crate_ref {
+                                       // If we're printing a generic argument, it needs to reference the crate, otherwise
+                                       // the original crate.
                                        write!(w, "{}", self.real_rust_type_mapping(&resolved)).unwrap();
                                } else {
                                        write!(w, "crate::{}", resolved).unwrap();
                                }
                        }
                        if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &path.segments.iter().last().unwrap().arguments {
-                               self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter());
+                               self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter(), with_ref_lifetime);
                        }
                } else {
                        if path.leading_colon.is_some() {
@@ -1590,7 +1804,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                if idx != 0 { write!(w, "::").unwrap(); }
                                write!(w, "{}", seg.ident).unwrap();
                                if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &seg.arguments {
-                                       self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter());
+                                       self.write_rust_generic_arg(w, generics_resolver, args.args.iter(), with_ref_lifetime);
                                }
                        }
                }
@@ -1610,7 +1824,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                match bound {
                                                        syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(tb) => {
                                                                if tb.paren_token.is_some() || tb.lifetimes.is_some() { unimplemented!(); }
-                                                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics_resolver, &tb.path);
+                                                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics_resolver, &tb.path, false, false);
                                                        },
                                                        _ => unimplemented!(),
                                                }
@@ -1623,38 +1837,46 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                if had_params { write!(w, ">").unwrap(); }
        }
 
-       pub fn write_rust_generic_arg<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, generics: impl Iterator<Item=&'b syn::GenericArgument>) {
+       pub fn write_rust_generic_arg<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics_resolver: Option<&GenericTypes>, generics: impl Iterator<Item=&'b syn::GenericArgument>, with_ref_lifetime: bool) {
                write!(w, "<").unwrap();
                for (idx, arg) in generics.enumerate() {
                        if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
                        match arg {
-                               syn::GenericArgument::Type(t) => self.write_rust_type(w, generics_resolver, t),
+                               syn::GenericArgument::Type(t) => self.write_rust_type(w, generics_resolver, t, with_ref_lifetime),
                                _ => unimplemented!(),
                        }
                }
                write!(w, ">").unwrap();
        }
-       pub fn write_rust_type<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, t: &syn::Type) {
-               match t {
+       fn do_write_rust_type<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, t: &syn::Type, with_ref_lifetime: bool, force_crate_ref: bool) {
+               let real_ty = generics.resolve_type(t);
+               let mut generate_crate_ref = force_crate_ref || t != real_ty;
+               match real_ty {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                if p.qself.is_some() {
                                        unimplemented!();
                                }
-                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics, &p.path);
+                               if let Some(resolved_ty) = self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, generics) {
+                                       generate_crate_ref |= self.maybe_resolve_path(&p.path, None).as_ref() != Some(&resolved_ty);
+                                       if self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved_ty).is_none() { generate_crate_ref = false; }
+                               }
+                               self.write_rust_path(w, generics, &p.path, with_ref_lifetime, generate_crate_ref);
                        },
                        syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
                                write!(w, "&").unwrap();
                                if let Some(lft) = &r.lifetime {
                                        write!(w, "'{} ", lft.ident).unwrap();
+                               } else if with_ref_lifetime {
+                                       write!(w, "'static ").unwrap();
                                }
                                if r.mutability.is_some() {
                                        write!(w, "mut ").unwrap();
                                }
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &*r.elem);
+                               self.do_write_rust_type(w, generics, &*r.elem, with_ref_lifetime, generate_crate_ref);
                        },
                        syn::Type::Array(a) => {
                                write!(w, "[").unwrap();
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &a.elem);
+                               self.do_write_rust_type(w, generics, &a.elem, with_ref_lifetime, generate_crate_ref);
                                if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
                                        if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
                                                write!(w, "; {}]", i).unwrap();
@@ -1663,20 +1885,24 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        }
                        syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
                                write!(w, "[").unwrap();
-                               self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &s.elem);
+                               self.do_write_rust_type(w, generics, &s.elem, with_ref_lifetime, generate_crate_ref);
                                write!(w, "]").unwrap();
                        },
                        syn::Type::Tuple(s) => {
                                write!(w, "(").unwrap();
                                for (idx, t) in s.elems.iter().enumerate() {
                                        if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                                       self.write_rust_type(w, generics, &t);
+                                       self.do_write_rust_type(w, generics, &t, with_ref_lifetime, generate_crate_ref);
                                }
                                write!(w, ")").unwrap();
                        },
                        _ => unimplemented!(),
                }
        }
+       pub fn write_rust_type<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, t: &syn::Type, with_ref_lifetime: bool) {
+               self.do_write_rust_type(w, generics, t, with_ref_lifetime, false);
+       }
+
 
        /// Prints a constructor for something which is "uninitialized" (but obviously not actually
        /// unint'd memory).
@@ -1688,7 +1914,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
                                if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() {
-                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: std::ptr::null_mut(), is_owned: true }}", resolved).unwrap();
+                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: core::ptr::null_mut(), is_owned: true }}", resolved).unwrap();
                                } else {
                                        // Assume its a manually-mapped C type, where we can just define an null() fn
                                        write!(w, "{}::null()", self.c_type_from_path(&resolved, false, false).unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -1736,7 +1962,6 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
                                if let Some(arr_ty) = self.is_real_type_array(&resolved) {
-                                       write!(w, ".data").unwrap();
                                        return self.write_empty_rust_val_check_suffix(generics, w, &arr_ty);
                                }
                                if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() {
@@ -1756,7 +1981,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        syn::Type::Array(a) => {
                                if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
                                        if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
-                                               write!(w, " == [0; {}]", i.base10_digits()).unwrap();
+                                               write!(w, ".data == [0; {}]", i.base10_digits()).unwrap();
                                                EmptyValExpectedTy::NonPointer
                                        } else { unimplemented!(); }
                                } else { unimplemented!(); }
@@ -1764,7 +1989,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        syn::Type::Slice(_) => {
                                // Option<[]> always implies that we want to treat len() == 0 differently from
                                // None, so we always map an Option<[]> into a pointer.
-                               write!(w, " == std::ptr::null_mut()").unwrap();
+                               write!(w, " == core::ptr::null_mut()").unwrap();
                                EmptyValExpectedTy::ReferenceAsPointer
                        },
                        _ => unimplemented!(),
@@ -1856,8 +2081,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        }
                                } else if let Some(c_type) = path_lookup(&resolved_path, is_ref, ptr_for_ref) {
                                        write!(w, "{}", c_type).unwrap();
-                               } else if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved_path).is_some() {
-                                       decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::StructImported, &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
+                               } else if let Some((_, generics)) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved_path) {
+                                       decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::StructImported { generics: &generics }, &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
                                } else if self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&resolved_path).is_some() {
                                        decl_lookup(w, &DeclType::MirroredEnum, &resolved_path, is_ref, is_mut);
                                } else if let Some(t) = self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved_path) {
@@ -1882,8 +2107,11 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                // This may result in some outputs not compiling.
                                if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*s.elem {
                                        let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       assert!(self.is_primitive(&resolved));
-                                       write!(w, "{}", path_lookup("[u8]", is_ref, ptr_for_ref).unwrap()).unwrap();
+                                       if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
+                                               write!(w, "{}", path_lookup("[u8]", is_ref, ptr_for_ref).unwrap()).unwrap();
+                                       } else {
+                                               write!(w, "{}", sliceconv(true, None)).unwrap();
+                                       }
                                } else if let syn::Type::Reference(r) = &*s.elem {
                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
                                                write!(w, "{}", sliceconv(self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics)), None)).unwrap();
@@ -1921,6 +2149,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        write!(w, "{}", sliceconv(false, None)).unwrap();
                                                }
                                        }
+                               } else if let syn::Type::Array(_) = &*s.elem {
+                                       write!(w, "{}", sliceconv(false, Some(".map(|a| *a)"))).unwrap();
                                } else { unimplemented!(); }
                        },
                        syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
@@ -1944,15 +2174,17 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, "crate::{}::from_native(", decl_path).unwrap(),
                                                DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, "&crate::{}::from_native(", decl_path).unwrap(),
                                                DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, "crate::{}::native_into(", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ (", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref => {
+                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_ref && from_ptr => {
+                                                       if !ptr_for_ref { write!(w, "&").unwrap(); }
+                                                       write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ (", decl_path).unwrap()
+                                               },
+                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_ref => {
                                                        if !ptr_for_ref { write!(w, "&").unwrap(); }
                                                        write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: unsafe {{ ObjOps::nonnull_ptr_to_inner((", decl_path).unwrap()
                                                },
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
+                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
                                                        write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: ", decl_path).unwrap(),
-                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref =>
+                                               DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref =>
                                                        write!(w, "crate::{} {{ inner: ObjOps::heap_alloc(", decl_path).unwrap(),
                                                DeclType::Trait(_) if is_ref => write!(w, "").unwrap(),
                                                DeclType::Trait(_) if !is_ref => write!(w, "Into::into(").unwrap(),
@@ -1966,15 +2198,26 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        fn write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, from_ptr: bool) {
                self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, ptr_for_ref, "*/", false, |_, _| ".into()".to_owned(),
                                |a, b, c| self.to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_from_path(a, b, c),
-                               |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
+                               |w, decl_type, full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
                                        DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, ")").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref && from_ptr =>
-                                               write!(w, " as *const _) as *mut _ }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if is_ref =>
-                                               write!(w, " as *const _) as *mut _) }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
+                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored { generics }|DeclType::StructImported { generics } if is_ref => {
+                                               write!(w, " as *const {}<", full_path).unwrap();
+                                               for param in generics.params.iter() {
+                                                       if let syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = param {
+                                                               write!(w, "'_, ").unwrap();
+                                                       } else {
+                                                               write!(w, "_, ").unwrap();
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               if from_ptr {
+                                                       write!(w, ">) as *mut _ }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap();
+                                               } else {
+                                                       write!(w, ">) as *mut _) }}, is_owned: false }}").unwrap();
+                                               }
+                                       },
+                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref && from_ptr =>
                                                write!(w, ", is_owned: true }}").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored|DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, "), is_owned: true }}").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::EnumIgnored {..}|DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref => write!(w, "), is_owned: true }}").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::Trait(_) if is_ref => {},
                                        DeclType::Trait(_) => {
                                                // This is used when we're converting a concrete Rust type into a C trait
@@ -1994,8 +2237,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                self.write_conversion_inline_intern(w, t, generics, is_ref, false, false, "() /*", true, |_, _| "&local_".to_owned(),
                                |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_prefix_from_path(a, b),
                                |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref => write!(w, "").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, "*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_ref => write!(w, "").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref => write!(w, "*unsafe {{ Box::from_raw(").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, "&").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::MirroredEnum => {},
                                        DeclType::Trait(_) => {},
@@ -2015,10 +2258,10 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                },
                                |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path(a, b),
                                |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, "XXX unimplemented").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_mut && is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_mut_ref()").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_ref()").unwrap(),
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, ".take_inner()) }}").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_ref && ptr_for_ref => write!(w, "XXX unimplemented").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_mut && is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_mut_ref()").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_ref()").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref => write!(w, ".take_inner()) }}").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::MirroredEnum if is_ref => write!(w, ".to_native()").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::MirroredEnum => write!(w, ".into_native()").unwrap(),
                                        DeclType::Trait(_) => {},
@@ -2038,7 +2281,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        } else { None }
                                },
                                |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, "").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref => write!(w, "").unwrap(),
                                        _ => unimplemented!(),
                                });
        }
@@ -2052,7 +2295,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                },
                                |a, b, _c| self.from_c_conversion_suffix_from_path(a, b),
                                |w, decl_type, _full_path, is_ref, _is_mut| match decl_type {
-                                       DeclType::StructImported if !is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_ref()").unwrap(),
+                                       DeclType::StructImported {..} if !is_ref => write!(w, ".get_native_ref()").unwrap(),
                                        _ => unimplemented!(),
                                });
        }
@@ -2063,7 +2306,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                VP: Fn(&mut W, &syn::Type, Option<&GenericTypes>, bool, bool, bool),
                VS: Fn(&mut W, &syn::Type, Option<&GenericTypes>, bool, bool, bool)>
                        (&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, var: &str, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>,
-                        mut is_ref: bool, mut ptr_for_ref: bool, to_c: bool,
+                        mut is_ref: bool, mut ptr_for_ref: bool, to_c: bool, from_ownable_ref: bool,
                         path_lookup: &LP, container_lookup: &LC, var_prefix: &VP, var_suffix: &VS) -> bool {
 
                macro_rules! convert_container {
@@ -2071,7 +2314,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                // For slices (and Options), we refuse to directly map them as is_ref when they
                                // aren't opaque types containing an inner pointer. This is due to the fact that,
                                // in both cases, the actual higher-level type is non-is_ref.
-                               let ty_has_inner = if $args_len == 1 {
+                               let (ty_has_inner, ty_is_trait) = if $args_len == 1 {
                                        let ty = $args_iter().next().unwrap();
                                        if $container_type == "Slice" && to_c {
                                                // "To C ptr_for_ref" means "return the regular object with is_owned
@@ -2081,12 +2324,14 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        }
                                        if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = ty {
                                                if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*t.elem {
-                                                       self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                               } else { false }
+                                                       let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
+                                                       (self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&resolved), self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved).is_some())
+                                               } else { (false, false) }
                                        } else if let syn::Type::Path(p) = ty {
-                                               self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
-                                       } else { false }
-                               } else { true };
+                                               let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
+                                               (self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&resolved), self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved).is_some())
+                                       } else { (false, false) }
+                               } else { (true, false) };
 
                                // Options get a bunch of special handling, since in general we map Option<>al
                                // types into the same C type as non-Option-wrapped types. This ends up being
@@ -2110,16 +2355,17 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                // If the inner element contains an inner pointer, we will just use that,
                                                // avoiding the need to map elements to references. Otherwise we'll need to
                                                // do an extra mapping step.
-                                               needs_ref_map = !only_contained_has_inner;
+                                               needs_ref_map = !only_contained_has_inner && !ty_is_trait && $container_type == "Option";
                                        } else {
                                                only_contained_type = Some(arg);
                                                only_contained_type_nonref = Some(arg);
                                        }
                                }
 
-                               if let Some((prefix, conversions, suffix, prefix_location)) = container_lookup(&$container_type, is_ref && ty_has_inner, only_contained_type, ident, var) {
+                               if let Some((prefix, conversions, suffix, prefix_location)) = container_lookup(&$container_type, is_ref, only_contained_type, ident, var) {
                                        assert_eq!(conversions.len(), $args_len);
-                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{}{} = ", ident, if !to_c && needs_ref_map {"_base"} else { "" }).unwrap();
+                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{}{} = ", ident,
+                                               if (!to_c && needs_ref_map) || (to_c && $container_type == "Option" && contains_slice) {"_base"} else { "" }).unwrap();
                                        if prefix_location == ContainerPrefixLocation::OutsideConv {
                                                var_prefix(w, $args_iter().next().unwrap(), generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, true);
                                        }
@@ -2135,7 +2381,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                write!(w, "{} {{ ", pfx).unwrap();
                                                let new_var_name = format!("{}_{}", ident, idx);
                                                let new_var = self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, &format_ident!("{}", new_var_name),
-                                                               &var_access, conv_ty, generics, contains_slice || (is_ref && ty_has_inner), ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
+                                                               &var_access, conv_ty, generics, contains_slice || (is_ref && ty_has_inner), ptr_for_ref,
+                                                               to_c, from_ownable_ref, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
                                                if new_var { write!(w, " ").unwrap(); }
 
                                                if prefix_location == ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv {
@@ -2144,7 +2391,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        write!(w, "ObjOps::heap_alloc(").unwrap();
                                                }
 
-                                               write!(w, "{}{}", if contains_slice { "local_" } else { "" }, if new_var { new_var_name } else { var_access }).unwrap();
+                                               write!(w, "{}{}", if contains_slice && !to_c { "local_" } else { "" }, if new_var { new_var_name } else { var_access }).unwrap();
                                                if prefix_location == ContainerPrefixLocation::PerConv {
                                                        var_suffix(w, conv_ty, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
                                                } else if !is_ref && !needs_ref_map && to_c && only_contained_has_inner {
@@ -2163,6 +2410,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        write!(w, ".map(|a| &a[..])").unwrap();
                                                }
                                                write!(w, ";").unwrap();
+                                       } else if to_c && $container_type == "Option" && contains_slice {
+                                               write!(w, " let mut local_{} = *local_{}_base;", ident, ident).unwrap();
                                        }
                                        return true;
                                }
@@ -2172,9 +2421,9 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                match generics.resolve_type(t) {
                        syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
                                if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = &*r.elem {
-                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
+                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, from_ownable_ref, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
                                } else {
-                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, true, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
+                                       self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, &*r.elem, generics, true, ptr_for_ref, to_c, from_ownable_ref, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix)
                                }
                        },
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
@@ -2183,7 +2432,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                }
                                let resolved_path = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
                                if let Some(aliased_type) = self.crate_types.type_aliases.get(&resolved_path) {
-                                       return self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, aliased_type, None, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
+                                       return self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var, aliased_type, None, is_ref, ptr_for_ref, to_c, from_ownable_ref, path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix);
                                }
                                if self.is_known_container(&resolved_path, is_ref) || self.is_path_transparent_container(&p.path, generics, is_ref) {
                                        if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(args) = &p.path.segments.iter().next().unwrap().arguments {
@@ -2213,14 +2462,26 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        syn::Type::Slice(s) => {
                                if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*s.elem {
                                        let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                       assert!(self.is_primitive(&resolved));
-                                       let slice_path = format!("[{}]", resolved);
-                                       if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = path_lookup(&slice_path, true) {
-                                               write!(w, "let mut local_{} = {}{}{};", ident, prefix, var, suffix).unwrap();
-                                               true
-                                       } else { false }
+                                       if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
+                                               let slice_path = format!("[{}]", resolved);
+                                               if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = path_lookup(&slice_path, true) {
+                                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{} = {}{}{};", ident, prefix, var, suffix).unwrap();
+                                                       true
+                                               } else { false }
+                                       } else {
+                                               let tyref = [&*s.elem];
+                                               if to_c {
+                                                       // If we're converting from a slice to a Vec, assume we can clone the
+                                                       // elements and clone them into a new Vec first. Next we'll walk the
+                                                       // new Vec here and convert them to C types.
+                                                       write!(w, "let mut local_{}_clone = Vec::new(); local_{}_clone.extend_from_slice({}); let mut {} = local_{}_clone; ", ident, ident, ident, ident, ident).unwrap();
+                                               }
+                                               is_ref = false;
+                                               convert_container!("Vec", 1, || tyref.iter().map(|t| generics.resolve_type(*t)));
+                                               unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
+                                       }
                                } else if let syn::Type::Reference(ty) = &*s.elem {
-                                       let tyref = [&*ty.elem];
+                                       let tyref = if from_ownable_ref || !to_c { [&*ty.elem] } else { [&*s.elem] };
                                        is_ref = true;
                                        convert_container!("Slice", 1, || tyref.iter().map(|t| generics.resolve_type(*t)));
                                        unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
@@ -2242,6 +2503,12 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        ptr_for_ref = true;
                                        convert_container!("Slice", 1, || ty.iter());
                                        unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
+                               } else if let syn::Type::Array(_) = &*s.elem {
+                                       is_ref = false;
+                                       ptr_for_ref = true;
+                                       let arr_elem = [(*s.elem).clone()];
+                                       convert_container!("Slice", 1, || arr_elem.iter());
+                                       unimplemented!("convert_container should return true as container_lookup should succeed for slices");
                                } else { unimplemented!() }
                        },
                        syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
@@ -2261,7 +2528,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        let v_name = format!("orig_{}_{}", ident, idx);
                                                        let tuple_elem_ident = format_ident!("{}", &v_name);
                                                        if self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, &tuple_elem_ident, &v_name, elem, generics,
-                                                                       false, ptr_for_ref, to_c,
+                                                                       false, ptr_for_ref, to_c, from_ownable_ref,
                                                                        path_lookup, container_lookup, var_prefix, var_suffix) {
                                                                write!(w, " ").unwrap();
                                                                // Opaque types with inner pointers shouldn't ever create new stack
@@ -2273,6 +2540,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        }
                                        write!(w, "let mut local_{} = (", ident).unwrap();
                                        for (idx, elem) in t.elems.iter().enumerate() {
+                                               let real_elem = generics.resolve_type(&elem);
                                                let ty_has_inner = {
                                                                if to_c {
                                                                        // "To C ptr_for_ref" means "return the regular object with
@@ -2280,16 +2548,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                                        // if we're about to set ty_has_inner.
                                                                        ptr_for_ref = true;
                                                                }
-                                                               if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = elem {
+                                                               if let syn::Type::Reference(t) = real_elem {
                                                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*t.elem {
                                                                                self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
                                                                        } else { false }
-                                                               } else if let syn::Type::Path(p) = elem {
+                                                               } else if let syn::Type::Path(p) = real_elem {
                                                                        self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics))
                                                                } else { false }
                                                        };
                                                if idx != 0 { write!(w, ", ").unwrap(); }
-                                               var_prefix(w, elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
+                                               var_prefix(w, real_elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
                                                if is_ref && ty_has_inner {
                                                        // For ty_has_inner, the regular var_prefix mapping will take a
                                                        // reference, so deref once here to make sure we keep the original ref.
@@ -2301,7 +2569,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        // hope the type is Clonable and use that.
                                                        write!(w, ".clone()").unwrap();
                                                }
-                                               var_suffix(w, elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
+                                               var_suffix(w, real_elem, generics, is_ref && ty_has_inner, ptr_for_ref, false);
                                        }
                                        write!(w, "){};", if to_c { ".into()" } else { "" }).unwrap();
                                        true
@@ -2311,8 +2579,8 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                }
        }
 
-       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, var_access: &str, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var_access, t, generics, false, ptr_for_ref, true,
+       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, var_access: &str, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool, from_ownable_ref: bool) -> bool {
+               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, var_access, t, generics, from_ownable_ref, ptr_for_ref, true, from_ownable_ref,
                        &|a, b| self.to_c_conversion_new_var_from_path(a, b),
                        &|a, b, c, d, e| self.to_c_conversion_container_new_var(generics, a, b, c, d, e),
                        // We force ptr_for_ref here since we can't generate a ref on one line and use it later
@@ -2320,10 +2588,15 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                        &|a, b, c, d, e, f| self.write_to_c_conversion_inline_suffix_inner(a, b, c, d, e, f))
        }
        pub fn write_to_c_conversion_new_var<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               self.write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, ptr_for_ref)
+               self.write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, ptr_for_ref, false)
+       }
+       /// Prints new-var conversion for an "ownable_ref" type, ie prints conversion for
+       /// `create_ownable_reference(t)`, not `t` itself.
+       pub fn write_to_c_conversion_from_ownable_ref_new_var<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
+               self.write_to_c_conversion_new_var_inner(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, true, true)
        }
        pub fn write_from_c_conversion_new_var<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, ident: &syn::Ident, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
-               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, false, false, false,
+               self.write_conversion_new_var_intern(w, ident, &format!("{}", ident), t, generics, false, false, false, false,
                        &|a, b| self.from_c_conversion_new_var_from_path(a, b),
                        &|a, b, c, d, e| self.from_c_conversion_container_new_var(generics, a, b, c, d, e),
                        // We force ptr_for_ref here since we can't generate a ref on one line and use it later
@@ -2336,14 +2609,15 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        // ******************************************************
 
        fn write_template_generics<'b, W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, args: &mut dyn Iterator<Item=&'b syn::Type>, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool) -> bool {
-               for (idx, t) in args.enumerate() {
+               for (idx, orig_t) in args.enumerate() {
                        if idx != 0 {
                                write!(w, ", ").unwrap();
                        }
+                       let t = generics.resolve_type(orig_t);
                        if let syn::Type::Reference(r_arg) = t {
                                assert!(!is_ref); // We don't currently support outer reference types for non-primitive inners
 
-                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r_arg.elem, generics, false, false, false) { return false; }
+                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r_arg.elem, generics, false, false, false, true, true) { return false; }
 
                                // While write_c_type_intern, above is correct, we don't want to blindly convert a
                                // reference to something stupid, so check that the container is either opaque or a
@@ -2351,6 +2625,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = &*r_arg.elem {
                                        let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p_arg.path, generics);
                                        assert!(self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved).is_some() ||
+                                                       self.crate_types.traits.get(&resolved).is_some() ||
                                                        self.c_type_from_path(&resolved, true, true).is_some(), "Template generics should be opaque or have a predefined mapping");
                                } else { unimplemented!(); }
                        } else if let syn::Type::Path(p_arg) = t {
@@ -2361,10 +2636,16 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                } else {
                                        assert!(!is_ref); // We don't currently support outer reference types for non-primitive inners
                                }
-                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false) { return false; }
+                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false, true, true) { return false; }
                        } else {
-                               assert!(!is_ref); // We don't currently support outer reference types for non-primitive inners
-                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false) { return false; }
+                               // We don't currently support outer reference types for non-primitive inners,
+                               // except for the empty tuple.
+                               if let syn::Type::Tuple(t_arg) = t {
+                                       assert!(t_arg.elems.len() == 0 || !is_ref);
+                               } else {
+                                       assert!(!is_ref);
+                               }
+                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, false, true, true) { return false; }
                        }
                }
                true
@@ -2463,13 +2744,13 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                if self.is_transparent_container(ident, is_ref, args.iter().map(|a| *a), generics) {
                                                        if !in_type {
                                                                if self.c_type_has_inner_from_path(&subtype) {
-                                                                       if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
+                                                                       if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, false, true) { return false; }
                                                                } else {
                                                                        if let Some(arr_ty) = self.is_real_type_array(&subtype) {
-                                                                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &arr_ty, generics, false, true, false) { return false; }
+                                                                               if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &arr_ty, generics, false, true, false, false, true) { return false; }
                                                                        } else {
                                                                                // Option<T> needs to be converted to a *mut T, ie mut ptr-for-ref
-                                                                               if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, true, true, true) { return false; }
+                                                                               if !self.write_c_path_intern(w, &$p_arg.path, generics, true, true, true, false, true) { return false; }
                                                                        }
                                                                }
                                                        } else {
@@ -2552,8 +2833,15 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                if !self.is_primitive(&resolved) { return false; }
                                                if let syn::Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit { lit: syn::Lit::Int(len), .. }) = &a.len {
                                                        if self.c_type_from_path(&format!("[{}; {}]", resolved, len.base10_digits()), is_ref, ptr_for_ref).is_none() { return false; }
-                                                       write!(w, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
-                                                       write!(mangled_type, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
+                                                       if in_type || args.len() != 1 {
+                                                               write!(w, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
+                                                               write!(mangled_type, "_{}{}", resolved, len.base10_digits()).unwrap();
+                                                       } else {
+                                                               let arrty = format!("[{}; {}]", resolved, len.base10_digits());
+                                                               let realty = self.c_type_from_path(&arrty, is_ref, ptr_for_ref).unwrap_or(&arrty);
+                                                               write!(w, "{}", realty).unwrap();
+                                                               write!(mangled_type, "{}", realty).unwrap();
+                                                       }
                                                } else { return false; }
                                        } else { return false; }
                                },
@@ -2586,39 +2874,55 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
        // *** C Type Equivalent Printing ***
        // **********************************
 
-       fn write_c_path_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, path: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
+       fn write_c_path_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, path: &syn::Path, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, with_ref_lifetime: bool, c_ty: bool) -> bool {
                let full_path = match self.maybe_resolve_path(&path, generics) {
                        Some(path) => path, None => return false };
                if let Some(c_type) = self.c_type_from_path(&full_path, is_ref, ptr_for_ref) {
                        write!(w, "{}", c_type).unwrap();
                        true
                } else if self.crate_types.traits.get(&full_path).is_some() {
+                       // Note that we always use the crate:: prefix here as we are always referring to a
+                       // concrete object which is of the generated type, it just implements the upstream
+                       // type.
                        if is_ref && ptr_for_ref {
                                write!(w, "*{} crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut" } else { "const" }, full_path).unwrap();
                        } else if is_ref {
+                               if with_ref_lifetime { unimplemented!(); }
                                write!(w, "&{}crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut " } else { "" }, full_path).unwrap();
                        } else {
                                write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
                        }
                        true
                } else if self.crate_types.opaques.get(&full_path).is_some() || self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&full_path).is_some() {
+                       let crate_pfx = if c_ty { "crate::" } else { "" };
                        if is_ref && ptr_for_ref {
                                // ptr_for_ref implies we're returning the object, which we can't really do for
                                // opaque or mirrored types without box'ing them, which is quite a waste, so return
                                // the actual object itself (for opaque types we'll set the pointer to the actual
                                // type and note that its a reference).
-                               write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
+                               write!(w, "{}{}", crate_pfx, full_path).unwrap();
+                       } else if is_ref && with_ref_lifetime {
+                               assert!(!is_mut);
+                               // If we're concretizing something with a lifetime parameter, we have to pick a
+                               // lifetime, of which the only real available choice is `static`, obviously.
+                               write!(w, "&'static {}", crate_pfx).unwrap();
+                               if !c_ty {
+                                       self.write_rust_path(w, generics, path, with_ref_lifetime, false);
+                               } else {
+                                       // We shouldn't be mapping references in types, so panic here
+                                       unimplemented!();
+                               }
                        } else if is_ref {
-                               write!(w, "&{}crate::{}", if is_mut { "mut " } else { "" }, full_path).unwrap();
+                               write!(w, "&{}{}{}", if is_mut { "mut " } else { "" }, crate_pfx, full_path).unwrap();
                        } else {
-                               write!(w, "crate::{}", full_path).unwrap();
+                               write!(w, "{}{}", crate_pfx, full_path).unwrap();
                        }
                        true
                } else {
                        false
                }
        }
-       fn write_c_type_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool) -> bool {
+       fn write_c_type_intern<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, is_ref: bool, is_mut: bool, ptr_for_ref: bool, with_ref_lifetime: bool, c_ty: bool) -> bool {
                match generics.resolve_type(t) {
                        syn::Type::Path(p) => {
                                if p.qself.is_some() {
@@ -2629,24 +2933,24 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                return self.write_c_mangled_container_path(w, Self::path_to_generic_args(&p.path), generics, &full_path, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref);
                                        }
                                        if let Some(aliased_type) = self.crate_types.type_aliases.get(&full_path).cloned() {
-                                               return self.write_c_type_intern(w, &aliased_type, None, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref);
+                                               return self.write_c_type_intern(w, &aliased_type, None, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty);
                                        }
                                }
-                               self.write_c_path_intern(w, &p.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref)
+                               self.write_c_path_intern(w, &p.path, generics, is_ref, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty)
                        },
                        syn::Type::Reference(r) => {
-                               self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r.elem, generics, true, r.mutability.is_some(), ptr_for_ref)
+                               self.write_c_type_intern(w, &*r.elem, generics, true, r.mutability.is_some(), ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty)
                        },
                        syn::Type::Array(a) => {
                                if is_ref && is_mut {
                                        write!(w, "*mut [").unwrap();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
+                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty) { return false; }
                                } else if is_ref {
                                        write!(w, "*const [").unwrap();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
+                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(w, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty) { return false; }
                                } else {
                                        let mut typecheck = Vec::new();
-                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(&mut typecheck, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref) { return false; }
+                                       if !self.write_c_type_intern(&mut typecheck, &a.elem, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty) { return false; }
                                        if typecheck[..] != ['u' as u8, '8' as u8] { return false; }
                                }
                                if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
@@ -2670,12 +2974,22 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        if self.is_primitive(&resolved) {
                                                write!(w, "{}::{}slice", Self::container_templ_path(), resolved).unwrap();
                                                true
-                                       } else { false }
+                                       } else {
+                                               let mut inner_c_ty = Vec::new();
+                                               assert!(self.write_c_path_intern(&mut inner_c_ty, &p.path, generics, true, false, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty));
+                                               let inner_ty_str = String::from_utf8(inner_c_ty).unwrap();
+                                               if self.is_clonable(&inner_ty_str) {
+                                                       let inner_ty_ident = inner_ty_str.rsplitn(2, "::").next().unwrap();
+                                                       let mangled_container = format!("CVec_{}Z", inner_ty_ident);
+                                                       write!(w, "{}::{}", Self::generated_container_path(), mangled_container).unwrap();
+                                                       self.check_create_container(mangled_container, "Vec", vec![&*s.elem], generics, false)
+                                               } else { false }
+                                       }
                                } else if let syn::Type::Reference(r) = &*s.elem {
                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r.elem {
                                                // Slices with "real types" inside are mapped as the equivalent non-ref Vec
                                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                               let mangled_container = if let Some(ident) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved) {
+                                               let mangled_container = if let Some((ident, _)) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved) {
                                                        format!("CVec_{}Z", ident)
                                                } else if let Some(en) = self.crate_types.mirrored_enums.get(&resolved) {
                                                        format!("CVec_{}Z", en.ident)
@@ -2689,7 +3003,7 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                                        if let syn::Type::Path(p) = &*r2.elem {
                                                                // Slices with slices with opaque types (with is_owned flags) are mapped as non-ref Vecs
                                                                let resolved = self.resolve_path(&p.path, generics);
-                                                               let mangled_container = if let Some(ident) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved) {
+                                                               let mangled_container = if let Some((ident, _)) = self.crate_types.opaques.get(&resolved) {
                                                                        format!("CVec_CVec_{}ZZ", ident)
                                                                } else { return false; };
                                                                write!(w, "{}::{}", Self::generated_container_path(), mangled_container).unwrap();
@@ -2704,7 +3018,23 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                                        args.push(syn::GenericArgument::Type((*s.elem).clone()));
                                        let mut segments = syn::punctuated::Punctuated::new();
                                        segments.push(parse_quote!(Vec<#args>));
-                                       self.write_c_type_intern(w, &syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: syn::Path { leading_colon: None, segments } }), generics, false, is_mut, ptr_for_ref)
+                                       self.write_c_type_intern(w, &syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath { qself: None, path: syn::Path { leading_colon: None, segments } }), generics, false, is_mut, ptr_for_ref, with_ref_lifetime, c_ty)
+                               } else if let syn::Type::Array(a) = &*s.elem {
+                                       if let syn::Expr::Lit(l) = &a.len {
+                                               if let syn::Lit::Int(i) = &l.lit {
+                                                       let mut buf = Vec::new();
+                                                       self.write_rust_type(&mut buf, generics, &*a.elem, false);
+                                                       let arr_ty = String::from_utf8(buf).unwrap();
+
+                                                       let arr_str = format!("[{}; {}]", arr_ty, i.base10_digits());
+                                                       let ty = self.c_type_from_path(&arr_str, false, ptr_for_ref).unwrap()
+                                                               .rsplitn(2, "::").next().unwrap();
+
+                                                       let mangled_container = format!("CVec_{}Z", ty);
+                                                       write!(w, "{}::{}", Self::generated_container_path(), mangled_container).unwrap();
+                                                       self.check_create_container(mangled_container, "Vec", vec![&*s.elem], generics, false)
+                                               } else { false }
+                                       } else { false }
                                } else { false }
                        },
                        syn::Type::Tuple(t) => {
@@ -2719,13 +3049,15 @@ impl<'a, 'c: 'a> TypeResolver<'a, 'c> {
                }
        }
        pub fn write_c_type<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
-               assert!(self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref));
+               assert!(self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref, false, true));
+       }
+       pub fn write_c_type_in_generic_param<W: std::io::Write>(&self, w: &mut W, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>, ptr_for_ref: bool) {
+               assert!(self.write_c_type_intern(w, t, generics, false, false, ptr_for_ref, true, false));
        }
        pub fn understood_c_path(&self, p: &syn::Path) -> bool {
-               if p.leading_colon.is_some() { return false; }
-               self.write_c_path_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), p, None, false, false, false)
+               self.write_c_path_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), p, None, false, false, false, false, true)
        }
        pub fn understood_c_type(&self, t: &syn::Type, generics: Option<&GenericTypes>) -> bool {
-               self.write_c_type_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), t, generics, false, false, false)
+               self.write_c_type_intern(&mut std::io::sink(), t, generics, false, false, false, false, true)
        }
 }