_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   3
   4 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
   5
   6 import collections
   7 import contextlib
   8 import datetime
   9 import errno
  10 import fileinput
  11 import io
  12 import itertools
  13 import json
  14 import locale
  15 import operator
  16 import os
  17 import platform
  18 import re
  19 import shutil
  20 import subprocess
  21 import socket
  22 import sys
  23 import time
  24 import traceback
  25
  26 if os.name == 'nt':
  27     import ctypes
  28
  29 from .compat import (
  30     compat_basestring,
  31     compat_cookiejar,
  32     compat_expanduser,
  33     compat_get_terminal_size,
  34     compat_http_client,
  35     compat_kwargs,
  36     compat_str,
  37     compat_urllib_error,
  38     compat_urllib_request,
  39 )
  40 from .utils import (
  41     escape_url,
  42     ContentTooShortError,
  43     date_from_str,
  44     DateRange,
  45     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
  46     determine_ext,
  47     DownloadError,
  48     encodeFilename,
  49     ExtractorError,
  50     format_bytes,
  51     formatSeconds,
  52     locked_file,
  53     make_HTTPS_handler,
  54     MaxDownloadsReached,
  55     PagedList,
  56     parse_filesize,
  57     PerRequestProxyHandler,
  58     PostProcessingError,
  59     platform_name,
  60     preferredencoding,
  61     render_table,
  62     SameFileError,
  63     sanitize_filename,
  64     sanitize_path,
  65     std_headers,
  66     subtitles_filename,
  67     UnavailableVideoError,
  68     url_basename,
  69     version_tuple,
  70     write_json_file,
  71     write_string,
  72     YoutubeDLHandler,
  73     prepend_extension,
  74     replace_extension,
  75     args_to_str,
  76     age_restricted,
  77 )
  78 from .cache import Cache
  79 from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractors
  80 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
  81 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
  82 from .postprocessor import (
  83     FFmpegFixupM4aPP,
  84     FFmpegFixupStretchedPP,
  85     FFmpegMergerPP,
  86     FFmpegPostProcessor,
  87     get_postprocessor,
  88 )
  89 from .version import __version__
  90
  91
  92 class YoutubeDL(object):
  93     """YoutubeDL class.
  94
  95     YoutubeDL objects are the ones responsible of downloading the
  96     actual video file and writing it to disk if the user has requested
  97     it, among some other tasks. In most cases there should be one per
  98     program. As, given a video URL, the downloader doesn't know how to
  99     extract all the needed information, task that InfoExtractors do, it
 100     has to pass the URL to one of them.
 101
 102     For this, YoutubeDL objects have a method that allows
 103     InfoExtractors to be registered in a given order. When it is passed
 104     a URL, the YoutubeDL object handles it to the first InfoExtractor it
 105     finds that reports being able to handle it. The InfoExtractor extracts
 106     all the information about the video or videos the URL refers to, and
 107     YoutubeDL process the extracted information, possibly using a File
 108     Downloader to download the video.
 109
 110     YoutubeDL objects accept a lot of parameters. In order not to saturate
 111     the object constructor with arguments, it receives a dictionary of
 112     options instead. These options are available through the params
 113     attribute for the InfoExtractors to use. The YoutubeDL also
 114     registers itself as the downloader in charge for the InfoExtractors
 115     that are added to it, so this is a "mutual registration".
 116
 117     Available options:
 118
 119     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
 120     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
 121     videopassword:     Password for acces a video.
 122     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
 123     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
 124     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
 125     no_warnings:       Do not print out anything for warnings.
 126     forceurl:          Force printing final URL.
 127     forcetitle:        Force printing title.
 128     forceid:           Force printing ID.
 129     forcethumbnail:    Force printing thumbnail URL.
 130     forcedescription:  Force printing description.
 131     forcefilename:     Force printing final filename.
 132     forceduration:     Force printing duration.
 133     forcejson:         Force printing info_dict as JSON.
 134     dump_single_json:  Force printing the info_dict of the whole playlist
 135                        (or video) as a single JSON line.
 136     simulate:          Do not download the video files.
 137     format:            Video format code. See options.py for more information.
 138     outtmpl:           Template for output names.
 139     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
 140     ignoreerrors:      Do not stop on download errors.
 141     nooverwrites:      Prevent overwriting files.
 142     playliststart:     Playlist item to start at.
 143     playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
 144     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
 145     playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.
 146     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
 147     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
 148     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
 149     logtostderr:       Log messages to stderr instead of stdout.
 150     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
 151     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
 152     writeannotations:  Write the video annotations to a .annotations.xml file
 153     writethumbnail:    Write the thumbnail image to a file
 154     write_all_thumbnails:  Write all thumbnail formats to files
 155     writesubtitles:    Write the video subtitles to a file
 156     writeautomaticsub: Write the automatic subtitles to a file
 157     allsubtitles:      Downloads all the subtitles of the video
 158                        (requires writesubtitles or writeautomaticsub)
 159     listsubtitles:     Lists all available subtitles for the video
 160     subtitlesformat:   The format code for subtitles
 161     subtitleslangs:    List of languages of the subtitles to download
 162     keepvideo:         Keep the video file after post-processing
 163     daterange:         A DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
 164     skip_download:     Skip the actual download of the video file
 165     cachedir:          Location of the cache files in the filesystem.
 166                        False to disable filesystem cache.
 167     noplaylist:        Download single video instead of a playlist if in doubt.
 168     age_limit:         An integer representing the user's age in years.
 169                        Unsuitable videos for the given age are skipped.
 170     min_views:         An integer representing the minimum view count the video
 171                        must have in order to not be skipped.
 172                        Videos without view count information are always
 173                        downloaded. None for no limit.
 174     max_views:         An integer representing the maximum view count.
 175                        Videos that are more popular than that are not
 176                        downloaded.
 177                        Videos without view count information are always
 178                        downloaded. None for no limit.
 179     download_archive:  File name of a file where all downloads are recorded.
 180                        Videos already present in the file are not downloaded
 181                        again.
 182     cookiefile:        File name where cookies should be read from and dumped to.
 183     nocheckcertificate:Do not verify SSL certificates
 184     prefer_insecure:   Use HTTP instead of HTTPS to retrieve information.
 185                        At the moment, this is only supported by YouTube.
 186     proxy:             URL of the proxy server to use
 187     cn_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
 188                        on Chinese sites. (Experimental)
 189     socket_timeout:    Time to wait for unresponsive hosts, in seconds
 190     bidi_workaround:   Work around buggy terminals without bidirectional text
 191                        support, using fridibi
 192     debug_printtraffic:Print out sent and received HTTP traffic
 193     include_ads:       Download ads as well
 194     default_search:    Prepend this string if an input url is not valid.
 195                        'auto' for elaborate guessing
 196     encoding:          Use this encoding instead of the system-specified.
 197     extract_flat:      Do not resolve URLs, return the immediate result.
 198                        Pass in 'in_playlist' to only show this behavior for
 199                        playlist items.
 200     postprocessors:    A list of dictionaries, each with an entry
 201                        * key:  The name of the postprocessor. See
 202                                youtube_dl/postprocessor/__init__.py for a list.
 203                        as well as any further keyword arguments for the
 204                        postprocessor.
 205     progress_hooks:    A list of functions that get called on download
 206                        progress, with a dictionary with the entries
 207                        * status: One of "downloading", "error", or "finished".
 208                                  Check this first and ignore unknown values.
 209
 210                        If status is one of "downloading", or "finished", the
 211                        following properties may also be present:
 212                        * filename: The final filename (always present)
 213                        * tmpfilename: The filename we're currently writing to
 214                        * downloaded_bytes: Bytes on disk
 215                        * total_bytes: Size of the whole file, None if unknown
 216                        * total_bytes_estimate: Guess of the eventual file size,
 217                                                None if unavailable.
 218                        * elapsed: The number of seconds since download started.
 219                        * eta: The estimated time in seconds, None if unknown
 220                        * speed: The download speed in bytes/second, None if
 221                                 unknown
 222                        * fragment_index: The counter of the currently
 223                                          downloaded video fragment.
 224                        * fragment_count: The number of fragments (= individual
 225                                          files that will be merged)
 226
 227                        Progress hooks are guaranteed to be called at least once
 228                        (with status "finished") if the download is successful.
 229     merge_output_format: Extension to use when merging formats.
 230     fixup:             Automatically correct known faults of the file.
 231                        One of:
 232                        - "never": do nothing
 233                        - "warn": only emit a warning
 234                        - "detect_or_warn": check whether we can do anything
 235                                            about it, warn otherwise (default)
 236     source_address:    (Experimental) Client-side IP address to bind to.
 237     call_home:         Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
 238                        youtube-dl servers for debugging.
 239     sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download.
 240     listformats:       Print an overview of available video formats and exit.
 241     list_thumbnails:   Print a table of all thumbnails and exit.
 242     match_filter:      A function that gets called with the info_dict of
 243                        every video.
 244                        If it returns a message, the video is ignored.
 245                        If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
 246                        match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
 247     no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
 248
 249     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
 250     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
 251                        None or unset for standard (built-in) downloader.
 252     hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv.
 253
 254     The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
 255     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
 256     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
 257     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
 258     xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args.
 259
 260     The following options are used by the post processors:
 261     prefer_ffmpeg:     If True, use ffmpeg instead of avconv if both are available,
 262                        otherwise prefer avconv.
 263     """
 264
 265     params = None
 266     _ies = []
 267     _pps = []
 268     _download_retcode = None
 269     _num_downloads = None
 270     _screen_file = None
 271
 272     def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
 273         """Create a FileDownloader object with the given options."""
 274         if params is None:
 275             params = {}
 276         self._ies = []
 277         self._ies_instances = {}
 278         self._pps = []
 279         self._progress_hooks = []
 280         self._download_retcode = 0
 281         self._num_downloads = 0
 282         self._screen_file = [sys.stdout, sys.stderr][params.get('logtostderr', False)]
 283         self._err_file = sys.stderr
 284         self.params = params
 285         self.cache = Cache(self)
 286
 287         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
 288             try:
 289                 import pty
 290                 master, slave = pty.openpty()
 291                 width = compat_get_terminal_size().columns
 292                 if width is None:
 293                     width_args = []
 294                 else:
 295                     width_args = ['-w', str(width)]
 296                 sp_kwargs = dict(
 297                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
 298                     stdout=slave,
 299                     stderr=self._err_file)
 300                 try:
 301                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
 302                         ['bidiv'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs
 303                     )
 304                 except OSError:
 305                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
 306                         ['fribidi', '-c', 'UTF-8'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs)
 307                 self._output_channel = os.fdopen(master, 'rb')
 308             except OSError as ose:
 309                 if ose.errno == 2:
 310                     self.report_warning('Could not find fribidi executable, ignoring --bidi-workaround . Make sure that  fribidi  is an executable file in one of the directories in your $PATH.')
 311                 else:
 312                     raise
 313
 314         if (sys.version_info >= (3,) and sys.platform != 'win32' and
 315                 sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'] and
 316                 not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):
 317             # On Python 3, the Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474)
 318             self.report_warning(
 319                 'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
 320                 'cannot encode all characters. '
 321                 'Set the LC_ALL environment variable to fix this.')
 322             self.params['restrictfilenames'] = True
 323
 324         if isinstance(params.get('outtmpl'), bytes):
 325             self.report_warning(
 326                 'Parameter outtmpl is bytes, but should be a unicode string. '
 327                 'Put  from __future__ import unicode_literals  at the top of your code file or consider switching to Python 3.x.')
 328
 329         self._setup_opener()
 330
 331         if auto_init:
 332             self.print_debug_header()
 333             self.add_default_info_extractors()
 334
 335         for pp_def_raw in self.params.get('postprocessors', []):
 336             pp_class = get_postprocessor(pp_def_raw['key'])
 337             pp_def = dict(pp_def_raw)
 338             del pp_def['key']
 339             pp = pp_class(self, **compat_kwargs(pp_def))
 340             self.add_post_processor(pp)
 341
 342         for ph in self.params.get('progress_hooks', []):
 343             self.add_progress_hook(ph)
 344
 345     def warn_if_short_id(self, argv):
 346         # short YouTube ID starting with dash?
 347         idxs = [
 348             i for i, a in enumerate(argv)
 349             if re.match(r'^-[0-9A-Za-z_-]{10}$', a)]
 350         if idxs:
 351             correct_argv = (
 352                 ['youtube-dl'] +
 353                 [a for i, a in enumerate(argv) if i not in idxs] +
 354                 ['--'] + [argv[i] for i in idxs]
 355             )
 356             self.report_warning(
 357                 'Long argument string detected. '
 358                 'Use -- to separate parameters and URLs, like this:\n%s\n' %
 359                 args_to_str(correct_argv))
 360
 361     def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
 362         """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
 363         self._ies.append(ie)
 364         self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
 365         ie.set_downloader(self)
 366
 367     def get_info_extractor(self, ie_key):
 368         """
 369         Get an instance of an IE with name ie_key, it will try to get one from
 370         the _ies list, if there's no instance it will create a new one and add
 371         it to the extractor list.
 372         """
 373         ie = self._ies_instances.get(ie_key)
 374         if ie is None:
 375             ie = get_info_extractor(ie_key)()
 376             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
 377         return ie
 378
 379     def add_default_info_extractors(self):
 380         """
 381         Add the InfoExtractors returned by gen_extractors to the end of the list
 382         """
 383         for ie in gen_extractors():
 384             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
 385
 386     def add_post_processor(self, pp):
 387         """Add a PostProcessor object to the end of the chain."""
 388         self._pps.append(pp)
 389         pp.set_downloader(self)
 390
 391     def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
 392         """Add the progress hook (currently only for the file downloader)"""
 393         self._progress_hooks.append(ph)
 394
 395     def _bidi_workaround(self, message):
 396         if not hasattr(self, '_output_channel'):
 397             return message
 398
 399         assert hasattr(self, '_output_process')
 400         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
 401         line_count = message.count('\n') + 1
 402         self._output_process.stdin.write((message + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
 403         self._output_process.stdin.flush()
 404         res = ''.join(self._output_channel.readline().decode('utf-8')
 405                       for _ in range(line_count))
 406         return res[:-len('\n')]
 407
 408     def to_screen(self, message, skip_eol=False):
 409         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
 410         return self.to_stdout(message, skip_eol, check_quiet=True)
 411
 412     def _write_string(self, s, out=None):
 413         write_string(s, out=out, encoding=self.params.get('encoding'))
 414
 415     def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False, check_quiet=False):
 416         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
 417         if self.params.get('logger'):
 418             self.params['logger'].debug(message)
 419         elif not check_quiet or not self.params.get('quiet', False):
 420             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
 421             terminator = ['\n', ''][skip_eol]
 422             output = message + terminator
 423
 424             self._write_string(output, self._screen_file)
 425
 426     def to_stderr(self, message):
 427         """Print message to stderr."""
 428         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
 429         if self.params.get('logger'):
 430             self.params['logger'].error(message)
 431         else:
 432             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
 433             output = message + '\n'
 434             self._write_string(output, self._err_file)
 435
 436     def to_console_title(self, message):
 437         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 438             return
 439         if os.name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
 440             # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
 441             # already of type unicode()
 442             ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
 443         elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
 444             self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
 445
 446     def save_console_title(self):
 447         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 448             return
 449         if 'TERM' in os.environ:
 450             # Save the title on stack
 451             self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
 452
 453     def restore_console_title(self):
 454         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 455             return
 456         if 'TERM' in os.environ:
 457             # Restore the title from stack
 458             self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
 459
 460     def __enter__(self):
 461         self.save_console_title()
 462         return self
 463
 464     def __exit__(self, *args):
 465         self.restore_console_title()
 466
 467         if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
 468             self.cookiejar.save()
 469
 470     def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
 471         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
 472
 473         Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
 474         download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
 475         not when errors are found, after printing the message.
 476
 477         tb, if given, is additional traceback information.
 478         """
 479         if message is not None:
 480             self.to_stderr(message)
 481         if self.params.get('verbose'):
 482             if tb is None:
 483                 if sys.exc_info()[0]:  # if .trouble has been called from an except block
 484                     tb = ''
 485                     if hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
 486                         tb += ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info))
 487                     tb += compat_str(traceback.format_exc())
 488                 else:
 489                     tb_data = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_stack())
 490                     tb = ''.join(tb_data)
 491             self.to_stderr(tb)
 492         if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
 493             if sys.exc_info()[0] and hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
 494                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info
 495             else:
 496                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()
 497             raise DownloadError(message, exc_info)
 498         self._download_retcode = 1
 499
 500     def report_warning(self, message):
 501         '''
 502         Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
 503         If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
 504         '''
 505         if self.params.get('logger') is not None:
 506             self.params['logger'].warning(message)
 507         else:
 508             if self.params.get('no_warnings'):
 509                 return
 510             if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
 511                 _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
 512             else:
 513                 _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
 514             warning_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
 515             self.to_stderr(warning_message)
 516
 517     def report_error(self, message, tb=None):
 518         '''
 519         Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
 520         in red if stderr is a tty file.
 521         '''
 522         if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
 523             _msg_header = '\033[0;31mERROR:\033[0m'
 524         else:
 525             _msg_header = 'ERROR:'
 526         error_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
 527         self.trouble(error_message, tb)
 528
 529     def report_file_already_downloaded(self, file_name):
 530         """Report file has already been fully downloaded."""
 531         try:
 532             self.to_screen('[download] %s has already been downloaded' % file_name)
 533         except UnicodeEncodeError:
 534             self.to_screen('[download] The file has already been downloaded')
 535
 536     def prepare_filename(self, info_dict):
 537         """Generate the output filename."""
 538         try:
 539             template_dict = dict(info_dict)
 540
 541             template_dict['epoch'] = int(time.time())
 542             autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
 543             if autonumber_size is None:
 544                 autonumber_size = 5
 545             autonumber_templ = '%0' + str(autonumber_size) + 'd'
 546             template_dict['autonumber'] = autonumber_templ % self._num_downloads
 547             if template_dict.get('playlist_index') is not None:
 548                 template_dict['playlist_index'] = '%0*d' % (len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])), template_dict['playlist_index'])
 549             if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
 550                 if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
 551                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])
 552                 elif template_dict.get('height'):
 553                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%sp' % template_dict['height']
 554                 elif template_dict.get('width'):
 555                     template_dict['resolution'] = '?x%d' % template_dict['width']
 556
 557             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
 558                 compat_str(v),
 559                 restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
 560                 is_id=(k == 'id'))
 561             template_dict = dict((k, sanitize(k, v))
 562                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
 563                                  if v is not None)
 564             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
 565
 566             outtmpl = sanitize_path(self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL))
 567             tmpl = compat_expanduser(outtmpl)
 568             filename = tmpl % template_dict
 569             # Temporary fix for #4787
 570             # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
 571             # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows
 572             if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform == 'win32':
 573                 filename = encodeFilename(filename, True).decode(preferredencoding())
 574             return filename
 575         except ValueError as err:
 576             self.report_error('Error in output template: ' + str(err) + ' (encoding: ' + repr(preferredencoding()) + ')')
 577             return None
 578
 579     def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete):
 580         """ Returns None iff the file should be downloaded """
 581
 582         video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
 583         if 'title' in info_dict:
 584             # This can happen when we're just evaluating the playlist
 585             title = info_dict['title']
 586             matchtitle = self.params.get('matchtitle', False)
 587             if matchtitle:
 588                 if not re.search(matchtitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
 589                     return '"' + title + '" title did not match pattern "' + matchtitle + '"'
 590             rejecttitle = self.params.get('rejecttitle', False)
 591             if rejecttitle:
 592                 if re.search(rejecttitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
 593                     return '"' + title + '" title matched reject pattern "' + rejecttitle + '"'
 594         date = info_dict.get('upload_date', None)
 595         if date is not None:
 596             dateRange = self.params.get('daterange', DateRange())
 597             if date not in dateRange:
 598                 return '%s upload date is not in range %s' % (date_from_str(date).isoformat(), dateRange)
 599         view_count = info_dict.get('view_count', None)
 600         if view_count is not None:
 601             min_views = self.params.get('min_views')
 602             if min_views is not None and view_count < min_views:
 603                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has not reached minimum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, min_views)
 604             max_views = self.params.get('max_views')
 605             if max_views is not None and view_count > max_views:
 606                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has exceeded the maximum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, max_views)
 607         if age_restricted(info_dict.get('age_limit'), self.params.get('age_limit')):
 608             return 'Skipping "%s" because it is age restricted' % video_title
 609         if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
 610             return '%s has already been recorded in archive' % video_title
 611
 612         if not incomplete:
 613             match_filter = self.params.get('match_filter')
 614             if match_filter is not None:
 615                 ret = match_filter(info_dict)
 616                 if ret is not None:
 617                     return ret
 618
 619         return None
 620
 621     @staticmethod
 622     def add_extra_info(info_dict, extra_info):
 623         '''Set the keys from extra_info in info dict if they are missing'''
 624         for key, value in extra_info.items():
 625             info_dict.setdefault(key, value)
 626
 627     def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info={},
 628                      process=True):
 629         '''
 630         Returns a list with a dictionary for each video we find.
 631         If 'download', also downloads the videos.
 632         extra_info is a dict containing the extra values to add to each result
 633         '''
 634
 635         if ie_key:
 636             ies = [self.get_info_extractor(ie_key)]
 637         else:
 638             ies = self._ies
 639
 640         for ie in ies:
 641             if not ie.suitable(url):
 642                 continue
 643
 644             if not ie.working():
 645                 self.report_warning('The program functionality for this site has been marked as broken, '
 646                                     'and will probably not work.')
 647
 648             try:
 649                 ie_result = ie.extract(url)
 650                 if ie_result is None:  # Finished already (backwards compatibility; listformats and friends should be moved here)
 651                     break
 652                 if isinstance(ie_result, list):
 653                     # Backwards compatibility: old IE result format
 654                     ie_result = {
 655                         '_type': 'compat_list',
 656                         'entries': ie_result,
 657                     }
 658                 self.add_default_extra_info(ie_result, ie, url)
 659                 if process:
 660                     return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
 661                 else:
 662                     return ie_result
 663             except ExtractorError as de:  # An error we somewhat expected
 664                 self.report_error(compat_str(de), de.format_traceback())
 665                 break
 666             except MaxDownloadsReached:
 667                 raise
 668             except Exception as e:
 669                 if self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
 670                     self.report_error(compat_str(e), tb=compat_str(traceback.format_exc()))
 671                     break
 672                 else:
 673                     raise
 674         else:
 675             self.report_error('no suitable InfoExtractor for URL %s' % url)
 676
 677     def add_default_extra_info(self, ie_result, ie, url):
 678         self.add_extra_info(ie_result, {
 679             'extractor': ie.IE_NAME,
 680             'webpage_url': url,
 681             'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(url),
 682             'extractor_key': ie.ie_key(),
 683         })
 684
 685     def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info={}):
 686         """
 687         Take the result of the ie(may be modified) and resolve all unresolved
 688         references (URLs, playlist items).
 689
 690         It will also download the videos if 'download'.
 691         Returns the resolved ie_result.
 692         """
 693
 694         result_type = ie_result.get('_type', 'video')
 695
 696         if result_type in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
 697             extract_flat = self.params.get('extract_flat', False)
 698             if ((extract_flat == 'in_playlist' and 'playlist' in extra_info) or
 699                     extract_flat is True):
 700                 if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
 701                     self.to_stdout(json.dumps(ie_result))
 702                 return ie_result
 703
 704         if result_type == 'video':
 705             self.add_extra_info(ie_result, extra_info)
 706             return self.process_video_result(ie_result, download=download)
 707         elif result_type == 'url':
 708             # We have to add extra_info to the results because it may be
 709             # contained in a playlist
 710             return self.extract_info(ie_result['url'],
 711                                      download,
 712                                      ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
 713                                      extra_info=extra_info)
 714         elif result_type == 'url_transparent':
 715             # Use the information from the embedding page
 716             info = self.extract_info(
 717                 ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
 718                 extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
 719
 720             force_properties = dict(
 721                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
 722             for f in ('_type', 'url'):
 723                 if f in force_properties:
 724                     del force_properties[f]
 725             new_result = info.copy()
 726             new_result.update(force_properties)
 727
 728             assert new_result.get('_type') != 'url_transparent'
 729
 730             return self.process_ie_result(
 731                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
 732         elif result_type == 'playlist' or result_type == 'multi_video':
 733             # We process each entry in the playlist
 734             playlist = ie_result.get('title', None) or ie_result.get('id', None)
 735             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
 736
 737             playlist_results = []
 738
 739             playliststart = self.params.get('playliststart', 1) - 1
 740             playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend', None)
 741             # For backwards compatibility, interpret -1 as whole list
 742             if playlistend == -1:
 743                 playlistend = None
 744
 745             playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items', None)
 746             playlistitems = None
 747             if playlistitems_str is not None:
 748                 def iter_playlistitems(format):
 749                     for string_segment in format.split(','):
 750                         if '-' in string_segment:
 751                             start, end = string_segment.split('-')
 752                             for item in range(int(start), int(end) + 1):
 753                                 yield int(item)
 754                         else:
 755                             yield int(string_segment)
 756                 playlistitems = iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str)
 757
 758             ie_entries = ie_result['entries']
 759             if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
 760                 n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
 761                 if playlistitems:
 762                     entries = [
 763                         ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems
 764                         if -n_all_entries <= i - 1 < n_all_entries]
 765                 else:
 766                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
 767                 n_entries = len(entries)
 768                 self.to_screen(
 769                     "[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)" %
 770                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_all_entries, n_entries))
 771             elif isinstance(ie_entries, PagedList):
 772                 if playlistitems:
 773                     entries = []
 774                     for item in playlistitems:
 775                         entries.extend(ie_entries.getslice(
 776                             item - 1, item
 777                         ))
 778                 else:
 779                     entries = ie_entries.getslice(
 780                         playliststart, playlistend)
 781                 n_entries = len(entries)
 782                 self.to_screen(
 783                     "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
 784                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
 785             else:  # iterable
 786                 if playlistitems:
 787                     entry_list = list(ie_entries)
 788                     entries = [entry_list[i - 1] for i in playlistitems]
 789                 else:
 790                     entries = list(itertools.islice(
 791                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
 792                 n_entries = len(entries)
 793                 self.to_screen(
 794                     "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
 795                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
 796
 797             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
 798                 entries = entries[::-1]
 799
 800             for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
 801                 self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))
 802                 extra = {
 803                     'n_entries': n_entries,
 804                     'playlist': playlist,
 805                     'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
 806                     'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),
 807                     'playlist_index': i + playliststart,
 808                     'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
 809                     'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
 810                     'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
 811                     'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
 812                 }
 813
 814                 reason = self._match_entry(entry, incomplete=True)
 815                 if reason is not None:
 816                     self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
 817                     continue
 818
 819                 entry_result = self.process_ie_result(entry,
 820                                                       download=download,
 821                                                       extra_info=extra)
 822                 playlist_results.append(entry_result)
 823             ie_result['entries'] = playlist_results
 824             return ie_result
 825         elif result_type == 'compat_list':
 826             self.report_warning(
 827                 'Extractor %s returned a compat_list result. '
 828                 'It needs to be updated.' % ie_result.get('extractor'))
 829
 830             def _fixup(r):
 831                 self.add_extra_info(
 832                     r,
 833                     {
 834                         'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
 835                         'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
 836                         'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
 837                         'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
 838                     }
 839                 )
 840                 return r
 841             ie_result['entries'] = [
 842                 self.process_ie_result(_fixup(r), download, extra_info)
 843                 for r in ie_result['entries']
 844             ]
 845             return ie_result
 846         else:
 847             raise Exception('Invalid result type: %s' % result_type)
 848
 849     def _apply_format_filter(self, format_spec, available_formats):
 850         " Returns a tuple of the remaining format_spec and filtered formats "
 851
 852         OPERATORS = {
 853             '<': operator.lt,
 854             '<=': operator.le,
 855             '>': operator.gt,
 856             '>=': operator.ge,
 857             '=': operator.eq,
 858             '!=': operator.ne,
 859         }
 860         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*\[
 861             (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|fps)
 862             \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
 863             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
 864             \]$
 865             ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, OPERATORS.keys())))
 866         m = operator_rex.search(format_spec)
 867         if m:
 868             try:
 869                 comparison_value = int(m.group('value'))
 870             except ValueError:
 871                 comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value'))
 872                 if comparison_value is None:
 873                     comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value') + 'B')
 874                 if comparison_value is None:
 875                     raise ValueError(
 876                         'Invalid value %r in format specification %r' % (
 877                             m.group('value'), format_spec))
 878             op = OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
 879
 880         if not m:
 881             STR_OPERATORS = {
 882                 '=': operator.eq,
 883                 '!=': operator.ne,
 884             }
 885             str_operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*\[
 886                 \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol)
 887                 \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?
 888                 \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)
 889                 \s*\]$
 890                 ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, STR_OPERATORS.keys())))
 891             m = str_operator_rex.search(format_spec)
 892             if m:
 893                 comparison_value = m.group('value')
 894                 op = STR_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
 895
 896         if not m:
 897             raise ValueError('Invalid format specification %r' % format_spec)
 898
 899         def _filter(f):
 900             actual_value = f.get(m.group('key'))
 901             if actual_value is None:
 902                 return m.group('none_inclusive')
 903             return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
 904         new_formats = [f for f in available_formats if _filter(f)]
 905
 906         new_format_spec = format_spec[:-len(m.group(0))]
 907         if not new_format_spec:
 908             new_format_spec = 'best'
 909
 910         return (new_format_spec, new_formats)
 911
 912     def select_format(self, format_spec, available_formats):
 913         while format_spec.endswith(']'):
 914             format_spec, available_formats = self._apply_format_filter(
 915                 format_spec, available_formats)
 916         if not available_formats:
 917             return None
 918
 919         if format_spec in ['best', 'worst', None]:
 920             format_idx = 0 if format_spec == 'worst' else -1
 921             audiovideo_formats = [
 922                 f for f in available_formats
 923                 if f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none']
 924             if audiovideo_formats:
 925                 return audiovideo_formats[format_idx]
 926             # for audio only urls, select the best/worst audio format
 927             elif all(f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in available_formats):
 928                 return available_formats[format_idx]
 929         elif format_spec == 'bestaudio':
 930             audio_formats = [
 931                 f for f in available_formats
 932                 if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
 933             if audio_formats:
 934                 return audio_formats[-1]
 935         elif format_spec == 'worstaudio':
 936             audio_formats = [
 937                 f for f in available_formats
 938                 if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
 939             if audio_formats:
 940                 return audio_formats[0]
 941         elif format_spec == 'bestvideo':
 942             video_formats = [
 943                 f for f in available_formats
 944                 if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
 945             if video_formats:
 946                 return video_formats[-1]
 947         elif format_spec == 'worstvideo':
 948             video_formats = [
 949                 f for f in available_formats
 950                 if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
 951             if video_formats:
 952                 return video_formats[0]
 953         else:
 954             extensions = ['mp4', 'flv', 'webm', '3gp', 'm4a', 'mp3', 'ogg', 'aac', 'wav']
 955             if format_spec in extensions:
 956                 filter_f = lambda f: f['ext'] == format_spec
 957             else:
 958                 filter_f = lambda f: f['format_id'] == format_spec
 959             matches = list(filter(filter_f, available_formats))
 960             if matches:
 961                 return matches[-1]
 962         return None
 963
 964     def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
 965         res = std_headers.copy()
 966
 967         add_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
 968         if add_headers:
 969             res.update(add_headers)
 970
 971         cookies = self._calc_cookies(info_dict)
 972         if cookies:
 973             res['Cookie'] = cookies
 974
 975         return res
 976
 977     def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):
 978         pr = compat_urllib_request.Request(info_dict['url'])
 979         self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(pr)
 980         return pr.get_header('Cookie')
 981
 982     def process_video_result(self, info_dict, download=True):
 983         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
 984
 985         if 'id' not in info_dict:
 986             raise ExtractorError('Missing "id" field in extractor result')
 987         if 'title' not in info_dict:
 988             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
 989
 990         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
 991             # It isn't part of a playlist
 992             info_dict['playlist'] = None
 993             info_dict['playlist_index'] = None
 994
 995         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
 996         if thumbnails is None:
 997             thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
 998             if thumbnail:
 999                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
1000         if thumbnails:
1001             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
1002                 t.get('preference'), t.get('width'), t.get('height'),
1003                 t.get('id'), t.get('url')))
1004             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
1005                 if 'width' in t and 'height' in t:
1006                     t['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (t['width'], t['height'])
1007                 if t.get('id') is None:
1008                     t['id'] = '%d' % i
1009
1010         if thumbnails and 'thumbnail' not in info_dict:
1011             info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnails[-1]['url']
1012
1013         if 'display_id' not in info_dict and 'id' in info_dict:
1014             info_dict['display_id'] = info_dict['id']
1015
1016         if info_dict.get('upload_date') is None and info_dict.get('timestamp') is not None:
1017             # Working around negative timestamps in Windows
1018             # (see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
1019             if info_dict['timestamp'] < 0 and os.name == 'nt':
1020                 info_dict['timestamp'] = 0
1021             upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(
1022                 info_dict['timestamp'])
1023             info_dict['upload_date'] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
1024
1025         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
1026             if 'automatic_captions' in info_dict:
1027                 self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('automatic_captions'), 'automatic captions')
1028             self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('subtitles'), 'subtitles')
1029             return
1030         info_dict['requested_subtitles'] = self.process_subtitles(
1031             info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('subtitles'),
1032             info_dict.get('automatic_captions'))
1033
1034         # This extractors handle format selection themselves
1035         if info_dict['extractor'] in ['Youku']:
1036             if download:
1037                 self.process_info(info_dict)
1038             return info_dict
1039
1040         # We now pick which formats have to be downloaded
1041         if info_dict.get('formats') is None:
1042             # There's only one format available
1043             formats = [info_dict]
1044         else:
1045             formats = info_dict['formats']
1046
1047         if not formats:
1048             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
1049
1050         # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
1051         for i, format in enumerate(formats):
1052             if 'url' not in format:
1053                 raise ExtractorError('Missing "url" key in result (index %d)' % i)
1054
1055             if format.get('format_id') is None:
1056                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
1057             if format.get('format') is None:
1058                 format['format'] = '{id} - {res}{note}'.format(
1059                     id=format['format_id'],
1060                     res=self.format_resolution(format),
1061                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
1062                 )
1063             # Automatically determine file extension if missing
1064             if 'ext' not in format:
1065                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
1066             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
1067             # json output
1068             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
1069             full_format_info.update(format)
1070             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)
1071
1072         # TODO Central sorting goes here
1073
1074         if formats[0] is not info_dict:
1075             # only set the 'formats' fields if the original info_dict list them
1076             # otherwise we end up with a circular reference, the first (and unique)
1077             # element in the 'formats' field in info_dict is info_dict itself,
1078             # wich can't be exported to json
1079             info_dict['formats'] = formats
1080         if self.params.get('listformats'):
1081             self.list_formats(info_dict)
1082             return
1083         if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
1084             self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
1085             return
1086
1087         req_format = self.params.get('format')
1088         if req_format is None:
1089             req_format_list = []
1090             if (self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) != '-' and
1091                     info_dict['extractor'] in ['youtube', 'ted']):
1092                 merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
1093                 if merger.available and merger.can_merge():
1094                     req_format_list.append('bestvideo+bestaudio')
1095             req_format_list.append('best')
1096             req_format = '/'.join(req_format_list)
1097         formats_to_download = []
1098         if req_format == 'all':
1099             formats_to_download = formats
1100         else:
1101             for rfstr in req_format.split(','):
1102                 # We can accept formats requested in the format: 34/5/best, we pick
1103                 # the first that is available, starting from left
1104                 req_formats = rfstr.split('/')
1105                 for rf in req_formats:
1106                     if re.match(r'.+?\+.+?', rf) is not None:
1107                         # Two formats have been requested like '137+139'
1108                         format_1, format_2 = rf.split('+')
1109                         formats_info = (self.select_format(format_1, formats),
1110                                         self.select_format(format_2, formats))
1111                         if all(formats_info):
1112                             # The first format must contain the video and the
1113                             # second the audio
1114                             if formats_info[0].get('vcodec') == 'none':
1115                                 self.report_error('The first format must '
1116                                                   'contain the video, try using '
1117                                                   '"-f %s+%s"' % (format_2, format_1))
1118                                 return
1119                             output_ext = (
1120                                 formats_info[0]['ext']
1121                                 if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None
1122                                 else self.params['merge_output_format'])
1123                             selected_format = {
1124                                 'requested_formats': formats_info,
1125                                 'format': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format'),
1126                                                      formats_info[1].get('format')),
1127                                 'format_id': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format_id'),
1128                                                         formats_info[1].get('format_id')),
1129                                 'width': formats_info[0].get('width'),
1130                                 'height': formats_info[0].get('height'),
1131                                 'resolution': formats_info[0].get('resolution'),
1132                                 'fps': formats_info[0].get('fps'),
1133                                 'vcodec': formats_info[0].get('vcodec'),
1134                                 'vbr': formats_info[0].get('vbr'),
1135                                 'stretched_ratio': formats_info[0].get('stretched_ratio'),
1136                                 'acodec': formats_info[1].get('acodec'),
1137                                 'abr': formats_info[1].get('abr'),
1138                                 'ext': output_ext,
1139                             }
1140                         else:
1141                             selected_format = None
1142                     else:
1143                         selected_format = self.select_format(rf, formats)
1144                     if selected_format is not None:
1145                         formats_to_download.append(selected_format)
1146                         break
1147         if not formats_to_download:
1148             raise ExtractorError('requested format not available',
1149                                  expected=True)
1150
1151         if download:
1152             if len(formats_to_download) > 1:
1153                 self.to_screen('[info] %s: downloading video in %s formats' % (info_dict['id'], len(formats_to_download)))
1154             for format in formats_to_download:
1155                 new_info = dict(info_dict)
1156                 new_info.update(format)
1157                 self.process_info(new_info)
1158         # We update the info dict with the best quality format (backwards compatibility)
1159         info_dict.update(formats_to_download[-1])
1160         return info_dict
1161
1162     def process_subtitles(self, video_id, normal_subtitles, automatic_captions):
1163         """Select the requested subtitles and their format"""
1164         available_subs = {}
1165         if normal_subtitles and self.params.get('writesubtitles'):
1166             available_subs.update(normal_subtitles)
1167         if automatic_captions and self.params.get('writeautomaticsub'):
1168             for lang, cap_info in automatic_captions.items():
1169                 if lang not in available_subs:
1170                     available_subs[lang] = cap_info
1171
1172         if (not self.params.get('writesubtitles') and not
1173                 self.params.get('writeautomaticsub') or not
1174                 available_subs):
1175             return None
1176
1177         if self.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
1178             requested_langs = available_subs.keys()
1179         else:
1180             if self.params.get('subtitleslangs', False):
1181                 requested_langs = self.params.get('subtitleslangs')
1182             elif 'en' in available_subs:
1183                 requested_langs = ['en']
1184             else:
1185                 requested_langs = [list(available_subs.keys())[0]]
1186
1187         formats_query = self.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'best')
1188         formats_preference = formats_query.split('/') if formats_query else []
1189         subs = {}
1190         for lang in requested_langs:
1191             formats = available_subs.get(lang)
1192             if formats is None:
1193                 self.report_warning('%s subtitles not available for %s' % (lang, video_id))
1194                 continue
1195             for ext in formats_preference:
1196                 if ext == 'best':
1197                     f = formats[-1]
1198                     break
1199                 matches = list(filter(lambda f: f['ext'] == ext, formats))
1200                 if matches:
1201                     f = matches[-1]
1202                     break
1203             else:
1204                 f = formats[-1]
1205                 self.report_warning(
1206                     'No subtitle format found matching "%s" for language %s, '
1207                     'using %s' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
1208             subs[lang] = f
1209         return subs
1210
1211     def process_info(self, info_dict):
1212         """Process a single resolved IE result."""
1213
1214         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
1215
1216         max_downloads = self.params.get('max_downloads')
1217         if max_downloads is not None:
1218             if self._num_downloads >= int(max_downloads):
1219                 raise MaxDownloadsReached()
1220
1221         info_dict['fulltitle'] = info_dict['title']
1222         if len(info_dict['title']) > 200:
1223             info_dict['title'] = info_dict['title'][:197] + '...'
1224
1225         if 'format' not in info_dict:
1226             info_dict['format'] = info_dict['ext']
1227
1228         reason = self._match_entry(info_dict, incomplete=False)
1229         if reason is not None:
1230             self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
1231             return
1232
1233         self._num_downloads += 1
1234
1235         info_dict['_filename'] = filename = self.prepare_filename(info_dict)
1236
1237         # Forced printings
1238         if self.params.get('forcetitle', False):
1239             self.to_stdout(info_dict['fulltitle'])
1240         if self.params.get('forceid', False):
1241             self.to_stdout(info_dict['id'])
1242         if self.params.get('forceurl', False):
1243             if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1244                 for f in info_dict['requested_formats']:
1245                     self.to_stdout(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', ''))
1246             else:
1247                 # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
1248                 self.to_stdout(info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', ''))
1249         if self.params.get('forcethumbnail', False) and info_dict.get('thumbnail') is not None:
1250             self.to_stdout(info_dict['thumbnail'])
1251         if self.params.get('forcedescription', False) and info_dict.get('description') is not None:
1252             self.to_stdout(info_dict['description'])
1253         if self.params.get('forcefilename', False) and filename is not None:
1254             self.to_stdout(filename)
1255         if self.params.get('forceduration', False) and info_dict.get('duration') is not None:
1256             self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_dict['duration']))
1257         if self.params.get('forceformat', False):
1258             self.to_stdout(info_dict['format'])
1259         if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
1260             self.to_stdout(json.dumps(info_dict))
1261
1262         # Do nothing else if in simulate mode
1263         if self.params.get('simulate', False):
1264             return
1265
1266         if filename is None:
1267             return
1268
1269         try:
1270             dn = os.path.dirname(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename)))
1271             if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
1272                 os.makedirs(dn)
1273         except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1274             self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + compat_str(err))
1275             return
1276
1277         if self.params.get('writedescription', False):
1278             descfn = replace_extension(filename, 'description', info_dict.get('ext'))
1279             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(descfn)):
1280                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description is already present')
1281             elif info_dict.get('description') is None:
1282                 self.report_warning('There\'s no description to write.')
1283             else:
1284                 try:
1285                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description to: ' + descfn)
1286                     with io.open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
1287                         descfile.write(info_dict['description'])
1288                 except (OSError, IOError):
1289                     self.report_error('Cannot write description file ' + descfn)
1290                     return
1291
1292         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1293             annofn = replace_extension(filename, 'annotations.xml', info_dict.get('ext'))
1294             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
1295                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
1296             else:
1297                 try:
1298                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
1299                     with io.open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
1300                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
1301                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
1302                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
1303                 except (OSError, IOError):
1304                     self.report_error('Cannot write annotations file: ' + annofn)
1305                     return
1306
1307         subtitles_are_requested = any([self.params.get('writesubtitles', False),
1308                                        self.params.get('writeautomaticsub')])
1309
1310         if subtitles_are_requested and info_dict.get('requested_subtitles'):
1311             # subtitles download errors are already managed as troubles in relevant IE
1312             # that way it will silently go on when used with unsupporting IE
1313             subtitles = info_dict['requested_subtitles']
1314             ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
1315             for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
1316                 sub_format = sub_info['ext']
1317                 if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
1318                     sub_data = sub_info['data']
1319                 else:
1320                     try:
1321                         sub_data = ie._download_webpage(
1322                             sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False)
1323                     except ExtractorError as err:
1324                         self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
1325                                             (sub_lang, compat_str(err.cause)))
1326                         continue
1327                 try:
1328                     sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format)
1329                     if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
1330                         self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already_present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
1331                     else:
1332                         self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
1333                         with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as subfile:
1334                             subfile.write(sub_data)
1335                 except (OSError, IOError):
1336                     self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
1337                     return
1338
1339         if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
1340             infofn = replace_extension(filename, 'info.json', info_dict.get('ext'))
1341             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(infofn)):
1342                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description metadata is already present')
1343             else:
1344                 self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description metadata as JSON to: ' + infofn)
1345                 try:
1346                     write_json_file(self.filter_requested_info(info_dict), infofn)
1347                 except (OSError, IOError):
1348                     self.report_error('Cannot write metadata to JSON file ' + infofn)
1349                     return
1350
1351         self._write_thumbnails(info_dict, filename)
1352
1353         if not self.params.get('skip_download', False):
1354             try:
1355                 def dl(name, info):
1356                     fd = get_suitable_downloader(info, self.params)(self, self.params)
1357                     for ph in self._progress_hooks:
1358                         fd.add_progress_hook(ph)
1359                     if self.params.get('verbose'):
1360                         self.to_stdout('[debug] Invoking downloader on %r' % info.get('url'))
1361                     return fd.download(name, info)
1362
1363                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1364                     downloaded = []
1365                     success = True
1366                     merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
1367                     if not merger.available:
1368                         postprocessors = []
1369                         self.report_warning('You have requested multiple '
1370                                             'formats but ffmpeg or avconv are not installed.'
1371                                             ' The formats won\'t be merged.')
1372                     else:
1373                         postprocessors = [merger]
1374
1375                     def compatible_formats(formats):
1376                         video, audio = formats
1377                         # Check extension
1378                         video_ext, audio_ext = audio.get('ext'), video.get('ext')
1379                         if video_ext and audio_ext:
1380                             COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (
1381                                 ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v'),
1382                                 ('webm')
1383                             )
1384                             for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:
1385                                 if video_ext in exts and audio_ext in exts:
1386                                     return True
1387                         # TODO: Check acodec/vcodec
1388                         return False
1389
1390                     filename_real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1][1:]
1391                     filename_wo_ext = (
1392                         os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
1393                         if filename_real_ext == info_dict['ext']
1394                         else filename)
1395                     requested_formats = info_dict['requested_formats']
1396                     if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None and not compatible_formats(requested_formats):
1397                         info_dict['ext'] = 'mkv'
1398                         self.report_warning(
1399                             'Requested formats are incompatible for merge and will be merged into mkv.')
1400                     # Ensure filename always has a correct extension for successful merge
1401                     filename = '%s.%s' % (filename_wo_ext, info_dict['ext'])
1402                     if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):
1403                         self.to_screen(
1404                             '[download] %s has already been downloaded and '
1405                             'merged' % filename)
1406                     else:
1407                         for f in requested_formats:
1408                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
1409                             new_info.update(f)
1410                             fname = self.prepare_filename(new_info)
1411                             fname = prepend_extension(fname, 'f%s' % f['format_id'], new_info['ext'])
1412                             downloaded.append(fname)
1413                             partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
1414                             success = success and partial_success
1415                         info_dict['__postprocessors'] = postprocessors
1416                         info_dict['__files_to_merge'] = downloaded
1417                 else:
1418                     # Just a single file
1419                     success = dl(filename, info_dict)
1420             except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
1421                 self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % str(err))
1422                 return
1423             except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1424                 raise UnavailableVideoError(err)
1425             except (ContentTooShortError, ) as err:
1426                 self.report_error('content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
1427                 return
1428
1429             if success:
1430                 # Fixup content
1431                 fixup_policy = self.params.get('fixup')
1432                 if fixup_policy is None:
1433                     fixup_policy = 'detect_or_warn'
1434
1435                 stretched_ratio = info_dict.get('stretched_ratio')
1436                 if stretched_ratio is not None and stretched_ratio != 1:
1437                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1438                         self.report_warning('%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s)' % (
1439                             info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
1440                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1441                         stretched_pp = FFmpegFixupStretchedPP(self)
1442                         if stretched_pp.available:
1443                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1444                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(stretched_pp)
1445                         else:
1446                             self.report_warning(
1447                                 '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
1448                                     info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
1449                     else:
1450                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1451
1452                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash':
1453                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1454                         self.report_warning('%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container.' % (
1455                             info_dict['id']))
1456                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1457                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM4aPP(self)
1458                         if fixup_pp.available:
1459                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1460                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
1461                         else:
1462                             self.report_warning(
1463                                 '%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container. Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
1464                                     info_dict['id']))
1465                     else:
1466                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1467
1468                 try:
1469                     self.post_process(filename, info_dict)
1470                 except (PostProcessingError) as err:
1471                     self.report_error('postprocessing: %s' % str(err))
1472                     return
1473                 self.record_download_archive(info_dict)
1474
1475     def download(self, url_list):
1476         """Download a given list of URLs."""
1477         outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
1478         if (len(url_list) > 1 and
1479                 '%' not in outtmpl and
1480                 self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
1481             raise SameFileError(outtmpl)
1482
1483         for url in url_list:
1484             try:
1485                 # It also downloads the videos
1486                 res = self.extract_info(url)
1487             except UnavailableVideoError:
1488                 self.report_error('unable to download video')
1489             except MaxDownloadsReached:
1490                 self.to_screen('[info] Maximum number of downloaded files reached.')
1491                 raise
1492             else:
1493                 if self.params.get('dump_single_json', False):
1494                     self.to_stdout(json.dumps(res))
1495
1496         return self._download_retcode
1497
1498     def download_with_info_file(self, info_filename):
1499         with contextlib.closing(fileinput.FileInput(
1500                 [info_filename], mode='r',
1501                 openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded('utf-8'))) as f:
1502             # FileInput doesn't have a read method, we can't call json.load
1503             info = self.filter_requested_info(json.loads('\n'.join(f)))
1504         try:
1505             self.process_ie_result(info, download=True)
1506         except DownloadError:
1507             webpage_url = info.get('webpage_url')
1508             if webpage_url is not None:
1509                 self.report_warning('The info failed to download, trying with "%s"' % webpage_url)
1510                 return self.download([webpage_url])
1511             else:
1512                 raise
1513         return self._download_retcode
1514
1515     @staticmethod
1516     def filter_requested_info(info_dict):
1517         return dict(
1518             (k, v) for k, v in info_dict.items()
1519             if k not in ['requested_formats', 'requested_subtitles'])
1520
1521     def post_process(self, filename, ie_info):
1522         """Run all the postprocessors on the given file."""
1523         info = dict(ie_info)
1524         info['filepath'] = filename
1525         pps_chain = []
1526         if ie_info.get('__postprocessors') is not None:
1527             pps_chain.extend(ie_info['__postprocessors'])
1528         pps_chain.extend(self._pps)
1529         for pp in pps_chain:
1530             files_to_delete = []
1531             try:
1532                 files_to_delete, info = pp.run(info)
1533             except PostProcessingError as e:
1534                 self.report_error(e.msg)
1535             if files_to_delete and not self.params.get('keepvideo', False):
1536                 for old_filename in files_to_delete:
1537                     self.to_screen('Deleting original file %s (pass -k to keep)' % old_filename)
1538                     try:
1539                         os.remove(encodeFilename(old_filename))
1540                     except (IOError, OSError):
1541                         self.report_warning('Unable to remove downloaded original file')
1542
1543     def _make_archive_id(self, info_dict):
1544         # Future-proof against any change in case
1545         # and backwards compatibility with prior versions
1546         extractor = info_dict.get('extractor_key')
1547         if extractor is None:
1548             if 'id' in info_dict:
1549                 extractor = info_dict.get('ie_key')  # key in a playlist
1550         if extractor is None:
1551             return None  # Incomplete video information
1552         return extractor.lower() + ' ' + info_dict['id']
1553
1554     def in_download_archive(self, info_dict):
1555         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
1556         if fn is None:
1557             return False
1558
1559         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
1560         if vid_id is None:
1561             return False  # Incomplete video information
1562
1563         try:
1564             with locked_file(fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
1565                 for line in archive_file:
1566                     if line.strip() == vid_id:
1567                         return True
1568         except IOError as ioe:
1569             if ioe.errno != errno.ENOENT:
1570                 raise
1571         return False
1572
1573     def record_download_archive(self, info_dict):
1574         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
1575         if fn is None:
1576             return
1577         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
1578         assert vid_id
1579         with locked_file(fn, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
1580             archive_file.write(vid_id + '\n')
1581
1582     @staticmethod
1583     def format_resolution(format, default='unknown'):
1584         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
1585             return 'audio only'
1586         if format.get('resolution') is not None:
1587             return format['resolution']
1588         if format.get('height') is not None:
1589             if format.get('width') is not None:
1590                 res = '%sx%s' % (format['width'], format['height'])
1591             else:
1592                 res = '%sp' % format['height']
1593         elif format.get('width') is not None:
1594             res = '?x%d' % format['width']
1595         else:
1596             res = default
1597         return res
1598
1599     def _format_note(self, fdict):
1600         res = ''
1601         if fdict.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:
1602             res += '(unsupported) '
1603         if fdict.get('format_note') is not None:
1604             res += fdict['format_note'] + ' '
1605         if fdict.get('tbr') is not None:
1606             res += '%4dk ' % fdict['tbr']
1607         if fdict.get('container') is not None:
1608             if res:
1609                 res += ', '
1610             res += '%s container' % fdict['container']
1611         if (fdict.get('vcodec') is not None and
1612                 fdict.get('vcodec') != 'none'):
1613             if res:
1614                 res += ', '
1615             res += fdict['vcodec']
1616             if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
1617                 res += '@'
1618         elif fdict.get('vbr') is not None and fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1619             res += 'video@'
1620         if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
1621             res += '%4dk' % fdict['vbr']
1622         if fdict.get('fps') is not None:
1623             res += ', %sfps' % fdict['fps']
1624         if fdict.get('acodec') is not None:
1625             if res:
1626                 res += ', '
1627             if fdict['acodec'] == 'none':
1628                 res += 'video only'
1629             else:
1630                 res += '%-5s' % fdict['acodec']
1631         elif fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1632             if res:
1633                 res += ', '
1634             res += 'audio'
1635         if fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1636             res += '@%3dk' % fdict['abr']
1637         if fdict.get('asr') is not None:
1638             res += ' (%5dHz)' % fdict['asr']
1639         if fdict.get('filesize') is not None:
1640             if res:
1641                 res += ', '
1642             res += format_bytes(fdict['filesize'])
1643         elif fdict.get('filesize_approx') is not None:
1644             if res:
1645                 res += ', '
1646             res += '~' + format_bytes(fdict['filesize_approx'])
1647         return res
1648
1649     def list_formats(self, info_dict):
1650         formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
1651         table = [
1652             [f['format_id'], f['ext'], self.format_resolution(f), self._format_note(f)]
1653             for f in formats
1654             if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
1655         if len(formats) > 1:
1656             table[-1][-1] += (' ' if table[-1][-1] else '') + '(best)'
1657
1658         header_line = ['format code', 'extension', 'resolution', 'note']
1659         self.to_screen(
1660             '[info] Available formats for %s:\n%s' %
1661             (info_dict['id'], render_table(header_line, table)))
1662
1663     def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
1664         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1665         if not thumbnails:
1666             tn_url = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
1667             if tn_url:
1668                 thumbnails = [{'id': '0', 'url': tn_url}]
1669             else:
1670                 self.to_screen(
1671                     '[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
1672                 return
1673
1674         self.to_screen(
1675             '[info] Thumbnails for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
1676         self.to_screen(render_table(
1677             ['ID', 'width', 'height', 'URL'],
1678             [[t['id'], t.get('width', 'unknown'), t.get('height', 'unknown'), t['url']] for t in thumbnails]))
1679
1680     def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
1681         if not subtitles:
1682             self.to_screen('%s has no %s' % (video_id, name))
1683             return
1684         self.to_screen(
1685             'Available %s for %s:' % (name, video_id))
1686         self.to_screen(render_table(
1687             ['Language', 'formats'],
1688             [[lang, ', '.join(f['ext'] for f in reversed(formats))]
1689                 for lang, formats in subtitles.items()]))
1690
1691     def urlopen(self, req):
1692         """ Start an HTTP download """
1693
1694         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
1695         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
1696         # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])
1697         # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)
1698         # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with
1699         # percent-encoded one
1700         req_is_string = isinstance(req, compat_basestring)
1701         url = req if req_is_string else req.get_full_url()
1702         url_escaped = escape_url(url)
1703
1704         # Substitute URL if any change after escaping
1705         if url != url_escaped:
1706             if req_is_string:
1707                 req = url_escaped
1708             else:
1709                 req = compat_urllib_request.Request(
1710                     url_escaped, data=req.data, headers=req.headers,
1711                     origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)
1712
1713         return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
1714
1715     def print_debug_header(self):
1716         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
1717             return
1718
1719         if type('') is not compat_str:
1720             # Python 2.6 on SLES11 SP1 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/3326)
1721             self.report_warning(
1722                 'Your Python is broken! Update to a newer and supported version')
1723
1724         stdout_encoding = getattr(
1725             sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'missing (%s)' % type(sys.stdout).__name__)
1726         encoding_str = (
1727             '[debug] Encodings: locale %s, fs %s, out %s, pref %s\n' % (
1728                 locale.getpreferredencoding(),
1729                 sys.getfilesystemencoding(),
1730                 stdout_encoding,
1731                 self.get_encoding()))
1732         write_string(encoding_str, encoding=None)
1733
1734         self._write_string('[debug] youtube-dl version ' + __version__ + '\n')
1735         try:
1736             sp = subprocess.Popen(
1737                 ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
1738                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
1739                 cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
1740             out, err = sp.communicate()
1741             out = out.decode().strip()
1742             if re.match('[0-9a-f]+', out):
1743                 self._write_string('[debug] Git HEAD: ' + out + '\n')
1744         except Exception:
1745             try:
1746                 sys.exc_clear()
1747             except Exception:
1748                 pass
1749         self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s - %s\n' % (
1750             platform.python_version(), platform_name()))
1751
1752         exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
1753         exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()
1754         exe_str = ', '.join(
1755             '%s %s' % (exe, v)
1756             for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())
1757             if v
1758         )
1759         if not exe_str:
1760             exe_str = 'none'
1761         self._write_string('[debug] exe versions: %s\n' % exe_str)
1762
1763         proxy_map = {}
1764         for handler in self._opener.handlers:
1765             if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
1766                 proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
1767         self._write_string('[debug] Proxy map: ' + compat_str(proxy_map) + '\n')
1768
1769         if self.params.get('call_home', False):
1770             ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode('utf-8')
1771             self._write_string('[debug] Public IP address: %s\n' % ipaddr)
1772             latest_version = self.urlopen(
1773                 'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode('utf-8')
1774             if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
1775                 self.report_warning(
1776                     'You are using an outdated version (newest version: %s)! '
1777                     'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
1778                     latest_version)
1779
1780     def _setup_opener(self):
1781         timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
1782         self._socket_timeout = 600 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
1783
1784         opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
1785         opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
1786
1787         if opts_cookiefile is None:
1788             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
1789         else:
1790             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
1791                 opts_cookiefile)
1792             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
1793                 self.cookiejar.load()
1794
1795         cookie_processor = compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor(
1796             self.cookiejar)
1797         if opts_proxy is not None:
1798             if opts_proxy == '':
1799                 proxies = {}
1800             else:
1801                 proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
1802         else:
1803             proxies = compat_urllib_request.getproxies()
1804             # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/805)
1805             if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
1806                 proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
1807         proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
1808
1809         debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
1810         https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
1811         ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
1812         opener = compat_urllib_request.build_opener(
1813             proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh)
1814
1815         # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
1816         # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
1817         # (See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
1818         opener.addheaders = []
1819         self._opener = opener
1820
1821     def encode(self, s):
1822         if isinstance(s, bytes):
1823             return s  # Already encoded
1824
1825         try:
1826             return s.encode(self.get_encoding())
1827         except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
1828             err.reason = err.reason + '. Check your system encoding configuration or use the --encoding option.'
1829             raise
1830
1831     def get_encoding(self):
1832         encoding = self.params.get('encoding')
1833         if encoding is None:
1834             encoding = preferredencoding()
1835         return encoding
1836
1837     def _write_thumbnails(self, info_dict, filename):
1838         if self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
1839             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1840             if thumbnails:
1841                 thumbnails = [thumbnails[-1]]
1842         elif self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False):
1843             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1844         else:
1845             return
1846
1847         if not thumbnails:
1848             # No thumbnails present, so return immediately
1849             return
1850
1851         for t in thumbnails:
1852             thumb_ext = determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
1853             suffix = '_%s' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
1854             thumb_display_id = '%s ' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
1855             t['filename'] = thumb_filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + suffix + '.' + thumb_ext
1856
1857             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumb_filename)):
1858                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Thumbnail %sis already present' %
1859                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
1860             else:
1861                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Downloading thumbnail %s...' %
1862                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
1863                 try:
1864                     uf = self.urlopen(t['url'])
1865                     with open(thumb_filename, 'wb') as thumbf:
1866                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
1867                     self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Writing thumbnail %sto: %s' %
1868                                    (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id, thumb_filename))
1869                 except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
1870                     self.report_warning('Unable to download thumbnail "%s": %s' %
1871                                         (t['url'], compat_str(err)))