_ Git - youtube-dl/blob - youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   3
   4 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
   5
   6 import collections
   7 import contextlib
   8 import datetime
   9 import errno
  10 import fileinput
  11 import io
  12 import itertools
  13 import json
  14 import locale
  15 import operator
  16 import os
  17 import platform
  18 import re
  19 import shutil
  20 import subprocess
  21 import socket
  22 import sys
  23 import time
  24 import traceback
  25
  26 if os.name == 'nt':
  27     import ctypes
  28
  29 from .compat import (
  30     compat_basestring,
  31     compat_cookiejar,
  32     compat_expanduser,
  33     compat_get_terminal_size,
  34     compat_http_client,
  35     compat_kwargs,
  36     compat_str,
  37     compat_urllib_error,
  38     compat_urllib_request,
  39 )
  40 from .utils import (
  41     escape_url,
  42     ContentTooShortError,
  43     date_from_str,
  44     DateRange,
  45     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
  46     determine_ext,
  47     DownloadError,
  48     encodeFilename,
  49     ExtractorError,
  50     format_bytes,
  51     formatSeconds,
  52     locked_file,
  53     make_HTTPS_handler,
  54     MaxDownloadsReached,
  55     PagedList,
  56     parse_filesize,
  57     PerRequestProxyHandler,
  58     PostProcessingError,
  59     platform_name,
  60     preferredencoding,
  61     render_table,
  62     SameFileError,
  63     sanitize_filename,
  64     sanitize_path,
  65     std_headers,
  66     subtitles_filename,
  67     UnavailableVideoError,
  68     url_basename,
  69     version_tuple,
  70     write_json_file,
  71     write_string,
  72     YoutubeDLHandler,
  73     prepend_extension,
  74     args_to_str,
  75     age_restricted,
  76 )
  77 from .cache import Cache
  78 from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractors
  79 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
  80 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
  81 from .postprocessor import (
  82     FFmpegFixupM4aPP,
  83     FFmpegFixupStretchedPP,
  84     FFmpegMergerPP,
  85     FFmpegPostProcessor,
  86     get_postprocessor,
  87 )
  88 from .version import __version__
  89
  90
  91 class YoutubeDL(object):
  92     """YoutubeDL class.
  93
  94     YoutubeDL objects are the ones responsible of downloading the
  95     actual video file and writing it to disk if the user has requested
  96     it, among some other tasks. In most cases there should be one per
  97     program. As, given a video URL, the downloader doesn't know how to
  98     extract all the needed information, task that InfoExtractors do, it
  99     has to pass the URL to one of them.
 100
 101     For this, YoutubeDL objects have a method that allows
 102     InfoExtractors to be registered in a given order. When it is passed
 103     a URL, the YoutubeDL object handles it to the first InfoExtractor it
 104     finds that reports being able to handle it. The InfoExtractor extracts
 105     all the information about the video or videos the URL refers to, and
 106     YoutubeDL process the extracted information, possibly using a File
 107     Downloader to download the video.
 108
 109     YoutubeDL objects accept a lot of parameters. In order not to saturate
 110     the object constructor with arguments, it receives a dictionary of
 111     options instead. These options are available through the params
 112     attribute for the InfoExtractors to use. The YoutubeDL also
 113     registers itself as the downloader in charge for the InfoExtractors
 114     that are added to it, so this is a "mutual registration".
 115
 116     Available options:
 117
 118     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
 119     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
 120     videopassword:     Password for acces a video.
 121     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
 122     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
 123     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
 124     no_warnings:       Do not print out anything for warnings.
 125     forceurl:          Force printing final URL.
 126     forcetitle:        Force printing title.
 127     forceid:           Force printing ID.
 128     forcethumbnail:    Force printing thumbnail URL.
 129     forcedescription:  Force printing description.
 130     forcefilename:     Force printing final filename.
 131     forceduration:     Force printing duration.
 132     forcejson:         Force printing info_dict as JSON.
 133     dump_single_json:  Force printing the info_dict of the whole playlist
 134                        (or video) as a single JSON line.
 135     simulate:          Do not download the video files.
 136     format:            Video format code. See options.py for more information.
 137     outtmpl:           Template for output names.
 138     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
 139     ignoreerrors:      Do not stop on download errors.
 140     nooverwrites:      Prevent overwriting files.
 141     playliststart:     Playlist item to start at.
 142     playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
 143     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
 144     playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.
 145     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
 146     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
 147     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
 148     logtostderr:       Log messages to stderr instead of stdout.
 149     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
 150     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
 151     writeannotations:  Write the video annotations to a .annotations.xml file
 152     writethumbnail:    Write the thumbnail image to a file
 153     write_all_thumbnails:  Write all thumbnail formats to files
 154     writesubtitles:    Write the video subtitles to a file
 155     writeautomaticsub: Write the automatic subtitles to a file
 156     allsubtitles:      Downloads all the subtitles of the video
 157                        (requires writesubtitles or writeautomaticsub)
 158     listsubtitles:     Lists all available subtitles for the video
 159     subtitlesformat:   The format code for subtitles
 160     subtitleslangs:    List of languages of the subtitles to download
 161     keepvideo:         Keep the video file after post-processing
 162     daterange:         A DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
 163     skip_download:     Skip the actual download of the video file
 164     cachedir:          Location of the cache files in the filesystem.
 165                        False to disable filesystem cache.
 166     noplaylist:        Download single video instead of a playlist if in doubt.
 167     age_limit:         An integer representing the user's age in years.
 168                        Unsuitable videos for the given age are skipped.
 169     min_views:         An integer representing the minimum view count the video
 170                        must have in order to not be skipped.
 171                        Videos without view count information are always
 172                        downloaded. None for no limit.
 173     max_views:         An integer representing the maximum view count.
 174                        Videos that are more popular than that are not
 175                        downloaded.
 176                        Videos without view count information are always
 177                        downloaded. None for no limit.
 178     download_archive:  File name of a file where all downloads are recorded.
 179                        Videos already present in the file are not downloaded
 180                        again.
 181     cookiefile:        File name where cookies should be read from and dumped to.
 182     nocheckcertificate:Do not verify SSL certificates
 183     prefer_insecure:   Use HTTP instead of HTTPS to retrieve information.
 184                        At the moment, this is only supported by YouTube.
 185     proxy:             URL of the proxy server to use
 186     cn_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
 187                        on Chinese sites. (Experimental)
 188     socket_timeout:    Time to wait for unresponsive hosts, in seconds
 189     bidi_workaround:   Work around buggy terminals without bidirectional text
 190                        support, using fridibi
 191     debug_printtraffic:Print out sent and received HTTP traffic
 192     include_ads:       Download ads as well
 193     default_search:    Prepend this string if an input url is not valid.
 194                        'auto' for elaborate guessing
 195     encoding:          Use this encoding instead of the system-specified.
 196     extract_flat:      Do not resolve URLs, return the immediate result.
 197                        Pass in 'in_playlist' to only show this behavior for
 198                        playlist items.
 199     postprocessors:    A list of dictionaries, each with an entry
 200                        * key:  The name of the postprocessor. See
 201                                youtube_dl/postprocessor/__init__.py for a list.
 202                        as well as any further keyword arguments for the
 203                        postprocessor.
 204     progress_hooks:    A list of functions that get called on download
 205                        progress, with a dictionary with the entries
 206                        * status: One of "downloading", "error", or "finished".
 207                                  Check this first and ignore unknown values.
 208
 209                        If status is one of "downloading", or "finished", the
 210                        following properties may also be present:
 211                        * filename: The final filename (always present)
 212                        * tmpfilename: The filename we're currently writing to
 213                        * downloaded_bytes: Bytes on disk
 214                        * total_bytes: Size of the whole file, None if unknown
 215                        * total_bytes_estimate: Guess of the eventual file size,
 216                                                None if unavailable.
 217                        * elapsed: The number of seconds since download started.
 218                        * eta: The estimated time in seconds, None if unknown
 219                        * speed: The download speed in bytes/second, None if
 220                                 unknown
 221                        * fragment_index: The counter of the currently
 222                                          downloaded video fragment.
 223                        * fragment_count: The number of fragments (= individual
 224                                          files that will be merged)
 225
 226                        Progress hooks are guaranteed to be called at least once
 227                        (with status "finished") if the download is successful.
 228     merge_output_format: Extension to use when merging formats.
 229     fixup:             Automatically correct known faults of the file.
 230                        One of:
 231                        - "never": do nothing
 232                        - "warn": only emit a warning
 233                        - "detect_or_warn": check whether we can do anything
 234                                            about it, warn otherwise (default)
 235     source_address:    (Experimental) Client-side IP address to bind to.
 236     call_home:         Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
 237                        youtube-dl servers for debugging.
 238     sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download.
 239     listformats:       Print an overview of available video formats and exit.
 240     list_thumbnails:   Print a table of all thumbnails and exit.
 241     match_filter:      A function that gets called with the info_dict of
 242                        every video.
 243                        If it returns a message, the video is ignored.
 244                        If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
 245                        match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
 246     no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
 247
 248     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
 249     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
 250                        None or unset for standard (built-in) downloader.
 251     hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv.
 252
 253     The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
 254     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
 255     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
 256     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
 257     xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args.
 258
 259     The following options are used by the post processors:
 260     prefer_ffmpeg:     If True, use ffmpeg instead of avconv if both are available,
 261                        otherwise prefer avconv.
 262     exec_cmd:          Arbitrary command to run after downloading
 263     """
 264
 265     params = None
 266     _ies = []
 267     _pps = []
 268     _download_retcode = None
 269     _num_downloads = None
 270     _screen_file = None
 271
 272     def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
 273         """Create a FileDownloader object with the given options."""
 274         if params is None:
 275             params = {}
 276         self._ies = []
 277         self._ies_instances = {}
 278         self._pps = []
 279         self._progress_hooks = []
 280         self._download_retcode = 0
 281         self._num_downloads = 0
 282         self._screen_file = [sys.stdout, sys.stderr][params.get('logtostderr', False)]
 283         self._err_file = sys.stderr
 284         self.params = params
 285         self.cache = Cache(self)
 286
 287         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
 288             try:
 289                 import pty
 290                 master, slave = pty.openpty()
 291                 width = compat_get_terminal_size().columns
 292                 if width is None:
 293                     width_args = []
 294                 else:
 295                     width_args = ['-w', str(width)]
 296                 sp_kwargs = dict(
 297                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
 298                     stdout=slave,
 299                     stderr=self._err_file)
 300                 try:
 301                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
 302                         ['bidiv'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs
 303                     )
 304                 except OSError:
 305                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
 306                         ['fribidi', '-c', 'UTF-8'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs)
 307                 self._output_channel = os.fdopen(master, 'rb')
 308             except OSError as ose:
 309                 if ose.errno == 2:
 310                     self.report_warning('Could not find fribidi executable, ignoring --bidi-workaround . Make sure that  fribidi  is an executable file in one of the directories in your $PATH.')
 311                 else:
 312                     raise
 313
 314         if (sys.version_info >= (3,) and sys.platform != 'win32' and
 315                 sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'] and
 316                 not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):
 317             # On Python 3, the Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474)
 318             self.report_warning(
 319                 'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
 320                 'cannot encode all characters. '
 321                 'Set the LC_ALL environment variable to fix this.')
 322             self.params['restrictfilenames'] = True
 323
 324         if isinstance(params.get('outtmpl'), bytes):
 325             self.report_warning(
 326                 'Parameter outtmpl is bytes, but should be a unicode string. '
 327                 'Put  from __future__ import unicode_literals  at the top of your code file or consider switching to Python 3.x.')
 328
 329         self._setup_opener()
 330
 331         if auto_init:
 332             self.print_debug_header()
 333             self.add_default_info_extractors()
 334
 335         for pp_def_raw in self.params.get('postprocessors', []):
 336             pp_class = get_postprocessor(pp_def_raw['key'])
 337             pp_def = dict(pp_def_raw)
 338             del pp_def['key']
 339             pp = pp_class(self, **compat_kwargs(pp_def))
 340             self.add_post_processor(pp)
 341
 342         for ph in self.params.get('progress_hooks', []):
 343             self.add_progress_hook(ph)
 344
 345     def warn_if_short_id(self, argv):
 346         # short YouTube ID starting with dash?
 347         idxs = [
 348             i for i, a in enumerate(argv)
 349             if re.match(r'^-[0-9A-Za-z_-]{10}$', a)]
 350         if idxs:
 351             correct_argv = (
 352                 ['youtube-dl'] +
 353                 [a for i, a in enumerate(argv) if i not in idxs] +
 354                 ['--'] + [argv[i] for i in idxs]
 355             )
 356             self.report_warning(
 357                 'Long argument string detected. '
 358                 'Use -- to separate parameters and URLs, like this:\n%s\n' %
 359                 args_to_str(correct_argv))
 360
 361     def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
 362         """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
 363         self._ies.append(ie)
 364         self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
 365         ie.set_downloader(self)
 366
 367     def get_info_extractor(self, ie_key):
 368         """
 369         Get an instance of an IE with name ie_key, it will try to get one from
 370         the _ies list, if there's no instance it will create a new one and add
 371         it to the extractor list.
 372         """
 373         ie = self._ies_instances.get(ie_key)
 374         if ie is None:
 375             ie = get_info_extractor(ie_key)()
 376             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
 377         return ie
 378
 379     def add_default_info_extractors(self):
 380         """
 381         Add the InfoExtractors returned by gen_extractors to the end of the list
 382         """
 383         for ie in gen_extractors():
 384             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
 385
 386     def add_post_processor(self, pp):
 387         """Add a PostProcessor object to the end of the chain."""
 388         self._pps.append(pp)
 389         pp.set_downloader(self)
 390
 391     def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
 392         """Add the progress hook (currently only for the file downloader)"""
 393         self._progress_hooks.append(ph)
 394
 395     def _bidi_workaround(self, message):
 396         if not hasattr(self, '_output_channel'):
 397             return message
 398
 399         assert hasattr(self, '_output_process')
 400         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
 401         line_count = message.count('\n') + 1
 402         self._output_process.stdin.write((message + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
 403         self._output_process.stdin.flush()
 404         res = ''.join(self._output_channel.readline().decode('utf-8')
 405                       for _ in range(line_count))
 406         return res[:-len('\n')]
 407
 408     def to_screen(self, message, skip_eol=False):
 409         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
 410         return self.to_stdout(message, skip_eol, check_quiet=True)
 411
 412     def _write_string(self, s, out=None):
 413         write_string(s, out=out, encoding=self.params.get('encoding'))
 414
 415     def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False, check_quiet=False):
 416         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
 417         if self.params.get('logger'):
 418             self.params['logger'].debug(message)
 419         elif not check_quiet or not self.params.get('quiet', False):
 420             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
 421             terminator = ['\n', ''][skip_eol]
 422             output = message + terminator
 423
 424             self._write_string(output, self._screen_file)
 425
 426     def to_stderr(self, message):
 427         """Print message to stderr."""
 428         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
 429         if self.params.get('logger'):
 430             self.params['logger'].error(message)
 431         else:
 432             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
 433             output = message + '\n'
 434             self._write_string(output, self._err_file)
 435
 436     def to_console_title(self, message):
 437         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 438             return
 439         if os.name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
 440             # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
 441             # already of type unicode()
 442             ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
 443         elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
 444             self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
 445
 446     def save_console_title(self):
 447         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 448             return
 449         if 'TERM' in os.environ:
 450             # Save the title on stack
 451             self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
 452
 453     def restore_console_title(self):
 454         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
 455             return
 456         if 'TERM' in os.environ:
 457             # Restore the title from stack
 458             self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
 459
 460     def __enter__(self):
 461         self.save_console_title()
 462         return self
 463
 464     def __exit__(self, *args):
 465         self.restore_console_title()
 466
 467         if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
 468             self.cookiejar.save()
 469
 470     def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
 471         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
 472
 473         Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
 474         download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
 475         not when errors are found, after printing the message.
 476
 477         tb, if given, is additional traceback information.
 478         """
 479         if message is not None:
 480             self.to_stderr(message)
 481         if self.params.get('verbose'):
 482             if tb is None:
 483                 if sys.exc_info()[0]:  # if .trouble has been called from an except block
 484                     tb = ''
 485                     if hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
 486                         tb += ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info))
 487                     tb += compat_str(traceback.format_exc())
 488                 else:
 489                     tb_data = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_stack())
 490                     tb = ''.join(tb_data)
 491             self.to_stderr(tb)
 492         if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
 493             if sys.exc_info()[0] and hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
 494                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info
 495             else:
 496                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()
 497             raise DownloadError(message, exc_info)
 498         self._download_retcode = 1
 499
 500     def report_warning(self, message):
 501         '''
 502         Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
 503         If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
 504         '''
 505         if self.params.get('logger') is not None:
 506             self.params['logger'].warning(message)
 507         else:
 508             if self.params.get('no_warnings'):
 509                 return
 510             if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
 511                 _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
 512             else:
 513                 _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
 514             warning_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
 515             self.to_stderr(warning_message)
 516
 517     def report_error(self, message, tb=None):
 518         '''
 519         Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
 520         in red if stderr is a tty file.
 521         '''
 522         if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
 523             _msg_header = '\033[0;31mERROR:\033[0m'
 524         else:
 525             _msg_header = 'ERROR:'
 526         error_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
 527         self.trouble(error_message, tb)
 528
 529     def report_file_already_downloaded(self, file_name):
 530         """Report file has already been fully downloaded."""
 531         try:
 532             self.to_screen('[download] %s has already been downloaded' % file_name)
 533         except UnicodeEncodeError:
 534             self.to_screen('[download] The file has already been downloaded')
 535
 536     def prepare_filename(self, info_dict):
 537         """Generate the output filename."""
 538         try:
 539             template_dict = dict(info_dict)
 540
 541             template_dict['epoch'] = int(time.time())
 542             autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
 543             if autonumber_size is None:
 544                 autonumber_size = 5
 545             autonumber_templ = '%0' + str(autonumber_size) + 'd'
 546             template_dict['autonumber'] = autonumber_templ % self._num_downloads
 547             if template_dict.get('playlist_index') is not None:
 548                 template_dict['playlist_index'] = '%0*d' % (len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])), template_dict['playlist_index'])
 549             if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
 550                 if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
 551                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])
 552                 elif template_dict.get('height'):
 553                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%sp' % template_dict['height']
 554                 elif template_dict.get('width'):
 555                     template_dict['resolution'] = '?x%d' % template_dict['width']
 556
 557             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
 558                 compat_str(v),
 559                 restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
 560                 is_id=(k == 'id'))
 561             template_dict = dict((k, sanitize(k, v))
 562                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
 563                                  if v is not None)
 564             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
 565
 566             outtmpl = sanitize_path(self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL))
 567             tmpl = compat_expanduser(outtmpl)
 568             filename = tmpl % template_dict
 569             # Temporary fix for #4787
 570             # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
 571             # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows
 572             if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform == 'win32':
 573                 filename = encodeFilename(filename, True).decode(preferredencoding())
 574             return filename
 575         except ValueError as err:
 576             self.report_error('Error in output template: ' + str(err) + ' (encoding: ' + repr(preferredencoding()) + ')')
 577             return None
 578
 579     def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete):
 580         """ Returns None iff the file should be downloaded """
 581
 582         video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
 583         if 'title' in info_dict:
 584             # This can happen when we're just evaluating the playlist
 585             title = info_dict['title']
 586             matchtitle = self.params.get('matchtitle', False)
 587             if matchtitle:
 588                 if not re.search(matchtitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
 589                     return '"' + title + '" title did not match pattern "' + matchtitle + '"'
 590             rejecttitle = self.params.get('rejecttitle', False)
 591             if rejecttitle:
 592                 if re.search(rejecttitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
 593                     return '"' + title + '" title matched reject pattern "' + rejecttitle + '"'
 594         date = info_dict.get('upload_date', None)
 595         if date is not None:
 596             dateRange = self.params.get('daterange', DateRange())
 597             if date not in dateRange:
 598                 return '%s upload date is not in range %s' % (date_from_str(date).isoformat(), dateRange)
 599         view_count = info_dict.get('view_count', None)
 600         if view_count is not None:
 601             min_views = self.params.get('min_views')
 602             if min_views is not None and view_count < min_views:
 603                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has not reached minimum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, min_views)
 604             max_views = self.params.get('max_views')
 605             if max_views is not None and view_count > max_views:
 606                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has exceeded the maximum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, max_views)
 607         if age_restricted(info_dict.get('age_limit'), self.params.get('age_limit')):
 608             return 'Skipping "%s" because it is age restricted' % video_title
 609         if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
 610             return '%s has already been recorded in archive' % video_title
 611
 612         if not incomplete:
 613             match_filter = self.params.get('match_filter')
 614             if match_filter is not None:
 615                 ret = match_filter(info_dict)
 616                 if ret is not None:
 617                     return ret
 618
 619         return None
 620
 621     @staticmethod
 622     def add_extra_info(info_dict, extra_info):
 623         '''Set the keys from extra_info in info dict if they are missing'''
 624         for key, value in extra_info.items():
 625             info_dict.setdefault(key, value)
 626
 627     def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info={},
 628                      process=True):
 629         '''
 630         Returns a list with a dictionary for each video we find.
 631         If 'download', also downloads the videos.
 632         extra_info is a dict containing the extra values to add to each result
 633         '''
 634
 635         if ie_key:
 636             ies = [self.get_info_extractor(ie_key)]
 637         else:
 638             ies = self._ies
 639
 640         for ie in ies:
 641             if not ie.suitable(url):
 642                 continue
 643
 644             if not ie.working():
 645                 self.report_warning('The program functionality for this site has been marked as broken, '
 646                                     'and will probably not work.')
 647
 648             try:
 649                 ie_result = ie.extract(url)
 650                 if ie_result is None:  # Finished already (backwards compatibility; listformats and friends should be moved here)
 651                     break
 652                 if isinstance(ie_result, list):
 653                     # Backwards compatibility: old IE result format
 654                     ie_result = {
 655                         '_type': 'compat_list',
 656                         'entries': ie_result,
 657                     }
 658                 self.add_default_extra_info(ie_result, ie, url)
 659                 if process:
 660                     return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
 661                 else:
 662                     return ie_result
 663             except ExtractorError as de:  # An error we somewhat expected
 664                 self.report_error(compat_str(de), de.format_traceback())
 665                 break
 666             except MaxDownloadsReached:
 667                 raise
 668             except Exception as e:
 669                 if self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
 670                     self.report_error(compat_str(e), tb=compat_str(traceback.format_exc()))
 671                     break
 672                 else:
 673                     raise
 674         else:
 675             self.report_error('no suitable InfoExtractor for URL %s' % url)
 676
 677     def add_default_extra_info(self, ie_result, ie, url):
 678         self.add_extra_info(ie_result, {
 679             'extractor': ie.IE_NAME,
 680             'webpage_url': url,
 681             'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(url),
 682             'extractor_key': ie.ie_key(),
 683         })
 684
 685     def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info={}):
 686         """
 687         Take the result of the ie(may be modified) and resolve all unresolved
 688         references (URLs, playlist items).
 689
 690         It will also download the videos if 'download'.
 691         Returns the resolved ie_result.
 692         """
 693
 694         result_type = ie_result.get('_type', 'video')
 695
 696         if result_type in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
 697             extract_flat = self.params.get('extract_flat', False)
 698             if ((extract_flat == 'in_playlist' and 'playlist' in extra_info) or
 699                     extract_flat is True):
 700                 if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
 701                     self.to_stdout(json.dumps(ie_result))
 702                 return ie_result
 703
 704         if result_type == 'video':
 705             self.add_extra_info(ie_result, extra_info)
 706             return self.process_video_result(ie_result, download=download)
 707         elif result_type == 'url':
 708             # We have to add extra_info to the results because it may be
 709             # contained in a playlist
 710             return self.extract_info(ie_result['url'],
 711                                      download,
 712                                      ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
 713                                      extra_info=extra_info)
 714         elif result_type == 'url_transparent':
 715             # Use the information from the embedding page
 716             info = self.extract_info(
 717                 ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
 718                 extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
 719
 720             force_properties = dict(
 721                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
 722             for f in ('_type', 'url'):
 723                 if f in force_properties:
 724                     del force_properties[f]
 725             new_result = info.copy()
 726             new_result.update(force_properties)
 727
 728             assert new_result.get('_type') != 'url_transparent'
 729
 730             return self.process_ie_result(
 731                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
 732         elif result_type == 'playlist' or result_type == 'multi_video':
 733             # We process each entry in the playlist
 734             playlist = ie_result.get('title', None) or ie_result.get('id', None)
 735             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
 736
 737             playlist_results = []
 738
 739             playliststart = self.params.get('playliststart', 1) - 1
 740             playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend', None)
 741             # For backwards compatibility, interpret -1 as whole list
 742             if playlistend == -1:
 743                 playlistend = None
 744
 745             playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items', None)
 746             playlistitems = None
 747             if playlistitems_str is not None:
 748                 def iter_playlistitems(format):
 749                     for string_segment in format.split(','):
 750                         if '-' in string_segment:
 751                             start, end = string_segment.split('-')
 752                             for item in range(int(start), int(end) + 1):
 753                                 yield int(item)
 754                         else:
 755                             yield int(string_segment)
 756                 playlistitems = iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str)
 757
 758             ie_entries = ie_result['entries']
 759             if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
 760                 n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
 761                 if playlistitems:
 762                     entries = [ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems]
 763                 else:
 764                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
 765                 n_entries = len(entries)
 766                 self.to_screen(
 767                     "[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)" %
 768                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_all_entries, n_entries))
 769             elif isinstance(ie_entries, PagedList):
 770                 if playlistitems:
 771                     entries = []
 772                     for item in playlistitems:
 773                         entries.extend(ie_entries.getslice(
 774                             item - 1, item
 775                         ))
 776                 else:
 777                     entries = ie_entries.getslice(
 778                         playliststart, playlistend)
 779                 n_entries = len(entries)
 780                 self.to_screen(
 781                     "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
 782                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
 783             else:  # iterable
 784                 if playlistitems:
 785                     entry_list = list(ie_entries)
 786                     entries = [entry_list[i - 1] for i in playlistitems]
 787                 else:
 788                     entries = list(itertools.islice(
 789                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
 790                 n_entries = len(entries)
 791                 self.to_screen(
 792                     "[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos" %
 793                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
 794
 795             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
 796                 entries = entries[::-1]
 797
 798             for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
 799                 self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))
 800                 extra = {
 801                     'n_entries': n_entries,
 802                     'playlist': playlist,
 803                     'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
 804                     'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),
 805                     'playlist_index': i + playliststart,
 806                     'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
 807                     'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
 808                     'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
 809                     'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
 810                 }
 811
 812                 reason = self._match_entry(entry, incomplete=True)
 813                 if reason is not None:
 814                     self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
 815                     continue
 816
 817                 entry_result = self.process_ie_result(entry,
 818                                                       download=download,
 819                                                       extra_info=extra)
 820                 playlist_results.append(entry_result)
 821             ie_result['entries'] = playlist_results
 822             return ie_result
 823         elif result_type == 'compat_list':
 824             self.report_warning(
 825                 'Extractor %s returned a compat_list result. '
 826                 'It needs to be updated.' % ie_result.get('extractor'))
 827
 828             def _fixup(r):
 829                 self.add_extra_info(
 830                     r,
 831                     {
 832                         'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
 833                         'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
 834                         'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
 835                         'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
 836                     }
 837                 )
 838                 return r
 839             ie_result['entries'] = [
 840                 self.process_ie_result(_fixup(r), download, extra_info)
 841                 for r in ie_result['entries']
 842             ]
 843             return ie_result
 844         else:
 845             raise Exception('Invalid result type: %s' % result_type)
 846
 847     def _apply_format_filter(self, format_spec, available_formats):
 848         " Returns a tuple of the remaining format_spec and filtered formats "
 849
 850         OPERATORS = {
 851             '<': operator.lt,
 852             '<=': operator.le,
 853             '>': operator.gt,
 854             '>=': operator.ge,
 855             '=': operator.eq,
 856             '!=': operator.ne,
 857         }
 858         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*\[
 859             (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|fps)
 860             \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
 861             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
 862             \]$
 863             ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, OPERATORS.keys())))
 864         m = operator_rex.search(format_spec)
 865         if m:
 866             try:
 867                 comparison_value = int(m.group('value'))
 868             except ValueError:
 869                 comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value'))
 870                 if comparison_value is None:
 871                     comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value') + 'B')
 872                 if comparison_value is None:
 873                     raise ValueError(
 874                         'Invalid value %r in format specification %r' % (
 875                             m.group('value'), format_spec))
 876             op = OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
 877
 878         if not m:
 879             STR_OPERATORS = {
 880                 '=': operator.eq,
 881                 '!=': operator.ne,
 882             }
 883             str_operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*\[
 884                 \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol)
 885                 \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?
 886                 \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)
 887                 \s*\]$
 888                 ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, STR_OPERATORS.keys())))
 889             m = str_operator_rex.search(format_spec)
 890             if m:
 891                 comparison_value = m.group('value')
 892                 op = STR_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
 893
 894         if not m:
 895             raise ValueError('Invalid format specification %r' % format_spec)
 896
 897         def _filter(f):
 898             actual_value = f.get(m.group('key'))
 899             if actual_value is None:
 900                 return m.group('none_inclusive')
 901             return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
 902         new_formats = [f for f in available_formats if _filter(f)]
 903
 904         new_format_spec = format_spec[:-len(m.group(0))]
 905         if not new_format_spec:
 906             new_format_spec = 'best'
 907
 908         return (new_format_spec, new_formats)
 909
 910     def select_format(self, format_spec, available_formats):
 911         while format_spec.endswith(']'):
 912             format_spec, available_formats = self._apply_format_filter(
 913                 format_spec, available_formats)
 914         if not available_formats:
 915             return None
 916
 917         if format_spec in ['best', 'worst', None]:
 918             format_idx = 0 if format_spec == 'worst' else -1
 919             audiovideo_formats = [
 920                 f for f in available_formats
 921                 if f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none']
 922             if audiovideo_formats:
 923                 return audiovideo_formats[format_idx]
 924             # for audio only urls, select the best/worst audio format
 925             elif all(f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in available_formats):
 926                 return available_formats[format_idx]
 927         elif format_spec == 'bestaudio':
 928             audio_formats = [
 929                 f for f in available_formats
 930                 if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
 931             if audio_formats:
 932                 return audio_formats[-1]
 933         elif format_spec == 'worstaudio':
 934             audio_formats = [
 935                 f for f in available_formats
 936                 if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
 937             if audio_formats:
 938                 return audio_formats[0]
 939         elif format_spec == 'bestvideo':
 940             video_formats = [
 941                 f for f in available_formats
 942                 if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
 943             if video_formats:
 944                 return video_formats[-1]
 945         elif format_spec == 'worstvideo':
 946             video_formats = [
 947                 f for f in available_formats
 948                 if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
 949             if video_formats:
 950                 return video_formats[0]
 951         else:
 952             extensions = ['mp4', 'flv', 'webm', '3gp', 'm4a', 'mp3', 'ogg', 'aac', 'wav']
 953             if format_spec in extensions:
 954                 filter_f = lambda f: f['ext'] == format_spec
 955             else:
 956                 filter_f = lambda f: f['format_id'] == format_spec
 957             matches = list(filter(filter_f, available_formats))
 958             if matches:
 959                 return matches[-1]
 960         return None
 961
 962     def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
 963         res = std_headers.copy()
 964
 965         add_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
 966         if add_headers:
 967             res.update(add_headers)
 968
 969         cookies = self._calc_cookies(info_dict)
 970         if cookies:
 971             res['Cookie'] = cookies
 972
 973         return res
 974
 975     def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):
 976         pr = compat_urllib_request.Request(info_dict['url'])
 977         self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(pr)
 978         return pr.get_header('Cookie')
 979
 980     def process_video_result(self, info_dict, download=True):
 981         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
 982
 983         if 'id' not in info_dict:
 984             raise ExtractorError('Missing "id" field in extractor result')
 985         if 'title' not in info_dict:
 986             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
 987
 988         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
 989             # It isn't part of a playlist
 990             info_dict['playlist'] = None
 991             info_dict['playlist_index'] = None
 992
 993         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
 994         if thumbnails is None:
 995             thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
 996             if thumbnail:
 997                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
 998         if thumbnails:
 999             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
1000                 t.get('preference'), t.get('width'), t.get('height'),
1001                 t.get('id'), t.get('url')))
1002             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
1003                 if 'width' in t and 'height' in t:
1004                     t['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (t['width'], t['height'])
1005                 if t.get('id') is None:
1006                     t['id'] = '%d' % i
1007
1008         if thumbnails and 'thumbnail' not in info_dict:
1009             info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnails[-1]['url']
1010
1011         if 'display_id' not in info_dict and 'id' in info_dict:
1012             info_dict['display_id'] = info_dict['id']
1013
1014         if info_dict.get('upload_date') is None and info_dict.get('timestamp') is not None:
1015             # Working around negative timestamps in Windows
1016             # (see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
1017             if info_dict['timestamp'] < 0 and os.name == 'nt':
1018                 info_dict['timestamp'] = 0
1019             upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(
1020                 info_dict['timestamp'])
1021             info_dict['upload_date'] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
1022
1023         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
1024             if 'automatic_captions' in info_dict:
1025                 self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('automatic_captions'), 'automatic captions')
1026             self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('subtitles'), 'subtitles')
1027             return
1028         info_dict['requested_subtitles'] = self.process_subtitles(
1029             info_dict['id'], info_dict.get('subtitles'),
1030             info_dict.get('automatic_captions'))
1031
1032         # This extractors handle format selection themselves
1033         if info_dict['extractor'] in ['Youku']:
1034             if download:
1035                 self.process_info(info_dict)
1036             return info_dict
1037
1038         # We now pick which formats have to be downloaded
1039         if info_dict.get('formats') is None:
1040             # There's only one format available
1041             formats = [info_dict]
1042         else:
1043             formats = info_dict['formats']
1044
1045         if not formats:
1046             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
1047
1048         # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
1049         for i, format in enumerate(formats):
1050             if 'url' not in format:
1051                 raise ExtractorError('Missing "url" key in result (index %d)' % i)
1052
1053             if format.get('format_id') is None:
1054                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
1055             if format.get('format') is None:
1056                 format['format'] = '{id} - {res}{note}'.format(
1057                     id=format['format_id'],
1058                     res=self.format_resolution(format),
1059                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
1060                 )
1061             # Automatically determine file extension if missing
1062             if 'ext' not in format:
1063                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
1064             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
1065             # json output
1066             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
1067             full_format_info.update(format)
1068             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)
1069
1070         # TODO Central sorting goes here
1071
1072         if formats[0] is not info_dict:
1073             # only set the 'formats' fields if the original info_dict list them
1074             # otherwise we end up with a circular reference, the first (and unique)
1075             # element in the 'formats' field in info_dict is info_dict itself,
1076             # wich can't be exported to json
1077             info_dict['formats'] = formats
1078         if self.params.get('listformats'):
1079             self.list_formats(info_dict)
1080             return
1081         if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
1082             self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
1083             return
1084
1085         req_format = self.params.get('format')
1086         if req_format is None:
1087             req_format_list = []
1088             if info_dict['extractor'] in ['youtube', 'ted'] and FFmpegMergerPP(self).available:
1089                 req_format_list.append('bestvideo+bestaudio')
1090             req_format_list.append('best')
1091             req_format = '/'.join(req_format_list)
1092         formats_to_download = []
1093         if req_format == 'all':
1094             formats_to_download = formats
1095         else:
1096             for rfstr in req_format.split(','):
1097                 # We can accept formats requested in the format: 34/5/best, we pick
1098                 # the first that is available, starting from left
1099                 req_formats = rfstr.split('/')
1100                 for rf in req_formats:
1101                     if re.match(r'.+?\+.+?', rf) is not None:
1102                         # Two formats have been requested like '137+139'
1103                         format_1, format_2 = rf.split('+')
1104                         formats_info = (self.select_format(format_1, formats),
1105                                         self.select_format(format_2, formats))
1106                         if all(formats_info):
1107                             # The first format must contain the video and the
1108                             # second the audio
1109                             if formats_info[0].get('vcodec') == 'none':
1110                                 self.report_error('The first format must '
1111                                                   'contain the video, try using '
1112                                                   '"-f %s+%s"' % (format_2, format_1))
1113                                 return
1114                             output_ext = (
1115                                 formats_info[0]['ext']
1116                                 if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None
1117                                 else self.params['merge_output_format'])
1118                             selected_format = {
1119                                 'requested_formats': formats_info,
1120                                 'format': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format'),
1121                                                      formats_info[1].get('format')),
1122                                 'format_id': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format_id'),
1123                                                         formats_info[1].get('format_id')),
1124                                 'width': formats_info[0].get('width'),
1125                                 'height': formats_info[0].get('height'),
1126                                 'resolution': formats_info[0].get('resolution'),
1127                                 'fps': formats_info[0].get('fps'),
1128                                 'vcodec': formats_info[0].get('vcodec'),
1129                                 'vbr': formats_info[0].get('vbr'),
1130                                 'stretched_ratio': formats_info[0].get('stretched_ratio'),
1131                                 'acodec': formats_info[1].get('acodec'),
1132                                 'abr': formats_info[1].get('abr'),
1133                                 'ext': output_ext,
1134                             }
1135                         else:
1136                             selected_format = None
1137                     else:
1138                         selected_format = self.select_format(rf, formats)
1139                     if selected_format is not None:
1140                         formats_to_download.append(selected_format)
1141                         break
1142         if not formats_to_download:
1143             raise ExtractorError('requested format not available',
1144                                  expected=True)
1145
1146         if download:
1147             if len(formats_to_download) > 1:
1148                 self.to_screen('[info] %s: downloading video in %s formats' % (info_dict['id'], len(formats_to_download)))
1149             for format in formats_to_download:
1150                 new_info = dict(info_dict)
1151                 new_info.update(format)
1152                 self.process_info(new_info)
1153         # We update the info dict with the best quality format (backwards compatibility)
1154         info_dict.update(formats_to_download[-1])
1155         return info_dict
1156
1157     def process_subtitles(self, video_id, normal_subtitles, automatic_captions):
1158         """Select the requested subtitles and their format"""
1159         available_subs = {}
1160         if normal_subtitles and self.params.get('writesubtitles'):
1161             available_subs.update(normal_subtitles)
1162         if automatic_captions and self.params.get('writeautomaticsub'):
1163             for lang, cap_info in automatic_captions.items():
1164                 if lang not in available_subs:
1165                     available_subs[lang] = cap_info
1166
1167         if (not self.params.get('writesubtitles') and not
1168                 self.params.get('writeautomaticsub') or not
1169                 available_subs):
1170             return None
1171
1172         if self.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
1173             requested_langs = available_subs.keys()
1174         else:
1175             if self.params.get('subtitleslangs', False):
1176                 requested_langs = self.params.get('subtitleslangs')
1177             elif 'en' in available_subs:
1178                 requested_langs = ['en']
1179             else:
1180                 requested_langs = [list(available_subs.keys())[0]]
1181
1182         formats_query = self.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'best')
1183         formats_preference = formats_query.split('/') if formats_query else []
1184         subs = {}
1185         for lang in requested_langs:
1186             formats = available_subs.get(lang)
1187             if formats is None:
1188                 self.report_warning('%s subtitles not available for %s' % (lang, video_id))
1189                 continue
1190             for ext in formats_preference:
1191                 if ext == 'best':
1192                     f = formats[-1]
1193                     break
1194                 matches = list(filter(lambda f: f['ext'] == ext, formats))
1195                 if matches:
1196                     f = matches[-1]
1197                     break
1198             else:
1199                 f = formats[-1]
1200                 self.report_warning(
1201                     'No subtitle format found matching "%s" for language %s, '
1202                     'using %s' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
1203             subs[lang] = f
1204         return subs
1205
1206     def process_info(self, info_dict):
1207         """Process a single resolved IE result."""
1208
1209         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
1210
1211         max_downloads = self.params.get('max_downloads')
1212         if max_downloads is not None:
1213             if self._num_downloads >= int(max_downloads):
1214                 raise MaxDownloadsReached()
1215
1216         info_dict['fulltitle'] = info_dict['title']
1217         if len(info_dict['title']) > 200:
1218             info_dict['title'] = info_dict['title'][:197] + '...'
1219
1220         if 'format' not in info_dict:
1221             info_dict['format'] = info_dict['ext']
1222
1223         reason = self._match_entry(info_dict, incomplete=False)
1224         if reason is not None:
1225             self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
1226             return
1227
1228         self._num_downloads += 1
1229
1230         info_dict['_filename'] = filename = self.prepare_filename(info_dict)
1231
1232         # Forced printings
1233         if self.params.get('forcetitle', False):
1234             self.to_stdout(info_dict['fulltitle'])
1235         if self.params.get('forceid', False):
1236             self.to_stdout(info_dict['id'])
1237         if self.params.get('forceurl', False):
1238             if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1239                 for f in info_dict['requested_formats']:
1240                     self.to_stdout(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', ''))
1241             else:
1242                 # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
1243                 self.to_stdout(info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', ''))
1244         if self.params.get('forcethumbnail', False) and info_dict.get('thumbnail') is not None:
1245             self.to_stdout(info_dict['thumbnail'])
1246         if self.params.get('forcedescription', False) and info_dict.get('description') is not None:
1247             self.to_stdout(info_dict['description'])
1248         if self.params.get('forcefilename', False) and filename is not None:
1249             self.to_stdout(filename)
1250         if self.params.get('forceduration', False) and info_dict.get('duration') is not None:
1251             self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_dict['duration']))
1252         if self.params.get('forceformat', False):
1253             self.to_stdout(info_dict['format'])
1254         if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
1255             self.to_stdout(json.dumps(info_dict))
1256
1257         # Do nothing else if in simulate mode
1258         if self.params.get('simulate', False):
1259             return
1260
1261         if filename is None:
1262             return
1263
1264         try:
1265             dn = os.path.dirname(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename)))
1266             if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
1267                 os.makedirs(dn)
1268         except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1269             self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + compat_str(err))
1270             return
1271
1272         if self.params.get('writedescription', False):
1273             descfn = filename + '.description'
1274             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(descfn)):
1275                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description is already present')
1276             elif info_dict.get('description') is None:
1277                 self.report_warning('There\'s no description to write.')
1278             else:
1279                 try:
1280                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description to: ' + descfn)
1281                     with io.open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
1282                         descfile.write(info_dict['description'])
1283                 except (OSError, IOError):
1284                     self.report_error('Cannot write description file ' + descfn)
1285                     return
1286
1287         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1288             annofn = filename + '.annotations.xml'
1289             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
1290                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
1291             else:
1292                 try:
1293                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
1294                     with io.open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
1295                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
1296                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
1297                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
1298                 except (OSError, IOError):
1299                     self.report_error('Cannot write annotations file: ' + annofn)
1300                     return
1301
1302         subtitles_are_requested = any([self.params.get('writesubtitles', False),
1303                                        self.params.get('writeautomaticsub')])
1304
1305         if subtitles_are_requested and info_dict.get('requested_subtitles'):
1306             # subtitles download errors are already managed as troubles in relevant IE
1307             # that way it will silently go on when used with unsupporting IE
1308             subtitles = info_dict['requested_subtitles']
1309             ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
1310             for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
1311                 sub_format = sub_info['ext']
1312                 if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
1313                     sub_data = sub_info['data']
1314                 else:
1315                     try:
1316                         sub_data = ie._download_webpage(
1317                             sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False)
1318                     except ExtractorError as err:
1319                         self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
1320                                             (sub_lang, compat_str(err.cause)))
1321                         continue
1322                 try:
1323                     sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format)
1324                     if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
1325                         self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already_present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
1326                     else:
1327                         self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
1328                         with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as subfile:
1329                             subfile.write(sub_data)
1330                 except (OSError, IOError):
1331                     self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
1332                     return
1333
1334         if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
1335             infofn = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + '.info.json'
1336             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(infofn)):
1337                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description metadata is already present')
1338             else:
1339                 self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description metadata as JSON to: ' + infofn)
1340                 try:
1341                     write_json_file(info_dict, infofn)
1342                 except (OSError, IOError):
1343                     self.report_error('Cannot write metadata to JSON file ' + infofn)
1344                     return
1345
1346         self._write_thumbnails(info_dict, filename)
1347
1348         if not self.params.get('skip_download', False):
1349             try:
1350                 def dl(name, info):
1351                     fd = get_suitable_downloader(info, self.params)(self, self.params)
1352                     for ph in self._progress_hooks:
1353                         fd.add_progress_hook(ph)
1354                     if self.params.get('verbose'):
1355                         self.to_stdout('[debug] Invoking downloader on %r' % info.get('url'))
1356                     return fd.download(name, info)
1357
1358                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1359                     downloaded = []
1360                     success = True
1361                     merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
1362                     if not merger.available:
1363                         postprocessors = []
1364                         self.report_warning('You have requested multiple '
1365                                             'formats but ffmpeg or avconv are not installed.'
1366                                             ' The formats won\'t be merged')
1367                     else:
1368                         postprocessors = [merger]
1369
1370                     def compatible_formats(formats):
1371                         video, audio = formats
1372                         # Check extension
1373                         video_ext, audio_ext = audio.get('ext'), video.get('ext')
1374                         if video_ext and audio_ext:
1375                             COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (
1376                                 ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v'),
1377                                 ('webm')
1378                             )
1379                             for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:
1380                                 if video_ext in exts and audio_ext in exts:
1381                                     return True
1382                         # TODO: Check acodec/vcodec
1383                         return False
1384
1385                     requested_formats = info_dict['requested_formats']
1386                     if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None and not compatible_formats(requested_formats):
1387                         filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + '.mkv'
1388                         self.report_warning('You have requested formats incompatible for merge. '
1389                                             'The formats will be merged into mkv')
1390                     if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):
1391                         self.to_screen(
1392                             '[download] %s has already been downloaded and '
1393                             'merged' % filename)
1394                     else:
1395                         for f in requested_formats:
1396                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
1397                             new_info.update(f)
1398                             fname = self.prepare_filename(new_info)
1399                             fname = prepend_extension(fname, 'f%s' % f['format_id'])
1400                             downloaded.append(fname)
1401                             partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
1402                             success = success and partial_success
1403                         info_dict['__postprocessors'] = postprocessors
1404                         info_dict['__files_to_merge'] = downloaded
1405                 else:
1406                     # Just a single file
1407                     success = dl(filename, info_dict)
1408             except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
1409                 self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % str(err))
1410                 return
1411             except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1412                 raise UnavailableVideoError(err)
1413             except (ContentTooShortError, ) as err:
1414                 self.report_error('content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
1415                 return
1416
1417             if success:
1418                 # Fixup content
1419                 fixup_policy = self.params.get('fixup')
1420                 if fixup_policy is None:
1421                     fixup_policy = 'detect_or_warn'
1422
1423                 stretched_ratio = info_dict.get('stretched_ratio')
1424                 if stretched_ratio is not None and stretched_ratio != 1:
1425                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1426                         self.report_warning('%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s)' % (
1427                             info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
1428                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1429                         stretched_pp = FFmpegFixupStretchedPP(self)
1430                         if stretched_pp.available:
1431                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1432                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(stretched_pp)
1433                         else:
1434                             self.report_warning(
1435                                 '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
1436                                     info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
1437                     else:
1438                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1439
1440                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash':
1441                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1442                         self.report_warning('%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container.' % (
1443                             info_dict['id']))
1444                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1445                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM4aPP(self)
1446                         if fixup_pp.available:
1447                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1448                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
1449                         else:
1450                             self.report_warning(
1451                                 '%s: writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container. Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.' % (
1452                                     info_dict['id']))
1453                     else:
1454                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1455
1456                 try:
1457                     self.post_process(filename, info_dict)
1458                 except (PostProcessingError) as err:
1459                     self.report_error('postprocessing: %s' % str(err))
1460                     return
1461                 self.record_download_archive(info_dict)
1462
1463     def download(self, url_list):
1464         """Download a given list of URLs."""
1465         outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
1466         if (len(url_list) > 1 and
1467                 '%' not in outtmpl and
1468                 self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
1469             raise SameFileError(outtmpl)
1470
1471         for url in url_list:
1472             try:
1473                 # It also downloads the videos
1474                 res = self.extract_info(url)
1475             except UnavailableVideoError:
1476                 self.report_error('unable to download video')
1477             except MaxDownloadsReached:
1478                 self.to_screen('[info] Maximum number of downloaded files reached.')
1479                 raise
1480             else:
1481                 if self.params.get('dump_single_json', False):
1482                     self.to_stdout(json.dumps(res))
1483
1484         return self._download_retcode
1485
1486     def download_with_info_file(self, info_filename):
1487         with contextlib.closing(fileinput.FileInput(
1488                 [info_filename], mode='r',
1489                 openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded('utf-8'))) as f:
1490             # FileInput doesn't have a read method, we can't call json.load
1491             info = json.loads('\n'.join(f))
1492         try:
1493             self.process_ie_result(info, download=True)
1494         except DownloadError:
1495             webpage_url = info.get('webpage_url')
1496             if webpage_url is not None:
1497                 self.report_warning('The info failed to download, trying with "%s"' % webpage_url)
1498                 return self.download([webpage_url])
1499             else:
1500                 raise
1501         return self._download_retcode
1502
1503     def post_process(self, filename, ie_info):
1504         """Run all the postprocessors on the given file."""
1505         info = dict(ie_info)
1506         info['filepath'] = filename
1507         pps_chain = []
1508         if ie_info.get('__postprocessors') is not None:
1509             pps_chain.extend(ie_info['__postprocessors'])
1510         pps_chain.extend(self._pps)
1511         for pp in pps_chain:
1512             try:
1513                 files_to_delete, info = pp.run(info)
1514             except PostProcessingError as e:
1515                 self.report_error(e.msg)
1516             if files_to_delete and not self.params.get('keepvideo', False):
1517                 for old_filename in files_to_delete:
1518                     self.to_screen('Deleting original file %s (pass -k to keep)' % old_filename)
1519                     try:
1520                         os.remove(encodeFilename(old_filename))
1521                     except (IOError, OSError):
1522                         self.report_warning('Unable to remove downloaded original file')
1523
1524     def _make_archive_id(self, info_dict):
1525         # Future-proof against any change in case
1526         # and backwards compatibility with prior versions
1527         extractor = info_dict.get('extractor_key')
1528         if extractor is None:
1529             if 'id' in info_dict:
1530                 extractor = info_dict.get('ie_key')  # key in a playlist
1531         if extractor is None:
1532             return None  # Incomplete video information
1533         return extractor.lower() + ' ' + info_dict['id']
1534
1535     def in_download_archive(self, info_dict):
1536         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
1537         if fn is None:
1538             return False
1539
1540         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
1541         if vid_id is None:
1542             return False  # Incomplete video information
1543
1544         try:
1545             with locked_file(fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
1546                 for line in archive_file:
1547                     if line.strip() == vid_id:
1548                         return True
1549         except IOError as ioe:
1550             if ioe.errno != errno.ENOENT:
1551                 raise
1552         return False
1553
1554     def record_download_archive(self, info_dict):
1555         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
1556         if fn is None:
1557             return
1558         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
1559         assert vid_id
1560         with locked_file(fn, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
1561             archive_file.write(vid_id + '\n')
1562
1563     @staticmethod
1564     def format_resolution(format, default='unknown'):
1565         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
1566             return 'audio only'
1567         if format.get('resolution') is not None:
1568             return format['resolution']
1569         if format.get('height') is not None:
1570             if format.get('width') is not None:
1571                 res = '%sx%s' % (format['width'], format['height'])
1572             else:
1573                 res = '%sp' % format['height']
1574         elif format.get('width') is not None:
1575             res = '?x%d' % format['width']
1576         else:
1577             res = default
1578         return res
1579
1580     def _format_note(self, fdict):
1581         res = ''
1582         if fdict.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:
1583             res += '(unsupported) '
1584         if fdict.get('format_note') is not None:
1585             res += fdict['format_note'] + ' '
1586         if fdict.get('tbr') is not None:
1587             res += '%4dk ' % fdict['tbr']
1588         if fdict.get('container') is not None:
1589             if res:
1590                 res += ', '
1591             res += '%s container' % fdict['container']
1592         if (fdict.get('vcodec') is not None and
1593                 fdict.get('vcodec') != 'none'):
1594             if res:
1595                 res += ', '
1596             res += fdict['vcodec']
1597             if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
1598                 res += '@'
1599         elif fdict.get('vbr') is not None and fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1600             res += 'video@'
1601         if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
1602             res += '%4dk' % fdict['vbr']
1603         if fdict.get('fps') is not None:
1604             res += ', %sfps' % fdict['fps']
1605         if fdict.get('acodec') is not None:
1606             if res:
1607                 res += ', '
1608             if fdict['acodec'] == 'none':
1609                 res += 'video only'
1610             else:
1611                 res += '%-5s' % fdict['acodec']
1612         elif fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1613             if res:
1614                 res += ', '
1615             res += 'audio'
1616         if fdict.get('abr') is not None:
1617             res += '@%3dk' % fdict['abr']
1618         if fdict.get('asr') is not None:
1619             res += ' (%5dHz)' % fdict['asr']
1620         if fdict.get('filesize') is not None:
1621             if res:
1622                 res += ', '
1623             res += format_bytes(fdict['filesize'])
1624         elif fdict.get('filesize_approx') is not None:
1625             if res:
1626                 res += ', '
1627             res += '~' + format_bytes(fdict['filesize_approx'])
1628         return res
1629
1630     def list_formats(self, info_dict):
1631         formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
1632         table = [
1633             [f['format_id'], f['ext'], self.format_resolution(f), self._format_note(f)]
1634             for f in formats
1635             if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
1636         if len(formats) > 1:
1637             table[-1][-1] += (' ' if table[-1][-1] else '') + '(best)'
1638
1639         header_line = ['format code', 'extension', 'resolution', 'note']
1640         self.to_screen(
1641             '[info] Available formats for %s:\n%s' %
1642             (info_dict['id'], render_table(header_line, table)))
1643
1644     def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
1645         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1646         if not thumbnails:
1647             tn_url = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
1648             if tn_url:
1649                 thumbnails = [{'id': '0', 'url': tn_url}]
1650             else:
1651                 self.to_screen(
1652                     '[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
1653                 return
1654
1655         self.to_screen(
1656             '[info] Thumbnails for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
1657         self.to_screen(render_table(
1658             ['ID', 'width', 'height', 'URL'],
1659             [[t['id'], t.get('width', 'unknown'), t.get('height', 'unknown'), t['url']] for t in thumbnails]))
1660
1661     def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
1662         if not subtitles:
1663             self.to_screen('%s has no %s' % (video_id, name))
1664             return
1665         self.to_screen(
1666             'Available %s for %s:' % (name, video_id))
1667         self.to_screen(render_table(
1668             ['Language', 'formats'],
1669             [[lang, ', '.join(f['ext'] for f in reversed(formats))]
1670                 for lang, formats in subtitles.items()]))
1671
1672     def urlopen(self, req):
1673         """ Start an HTTP download """
1674
1675         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
1676         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
1677         # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])
1678         # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)
1679         # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with
1680         # percent-encoded one
1681         req_is_string = isinstance(req, compat_basestring)
1682         url = req if req_is_string else req.get_full_url()
1683         url_escaped = escape_url(url)
1684
1685         # Substitute URL if any change after escaping
1686         if url != url_escaped:
1687             if req_is_string:
1688                 req = url_escaped
1689             else:
1690                 req = compat_urllib_request.Request(
1691                     url_escaped, data=req.data, headers=req.headers,
1692                     origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)
1693
1694         return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
1695
1696     def print_debug_header(self):
1697         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
1698             return
1699
1700         if type('') is not compat_str:
1701             # Python 2.6 on SLES11 SP1 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/3326)
1702             self.report_warning(
1703                 'Your Python is broken! Update to a newer and supported version')
1704
1705         stdout_encoding = getattr(
1706             sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'missing (%s)' % type(sys.stdout).__name__)
1707         encoding_str = (
1708             '[debug] Encodings: locale %s, fs %s, out %s, pref %s\n' % (
1709                 locale.getpreferredencoding(),
1710                 sys.getfilesystemencoding(),
1711                 stdout_encoding,
1712                 self.get_encoding()))
1713         write_string(encoding_str, encoding=None)
1714
1715         self._write_string('[debug] youtube-dl version ' + __version__ + '\n')
1716         try:
1717             sp = subprocess.Popen(
1718                 ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
1719                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
1720                 cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
1721             out, err = sp.communicate()
1722             out = out.decode().strip()
1723             if re.match('[0-9a-f]+', out):
1724                 self._write_string('[debug] Git HEAD: ' + out + '\n')
1725         except Exception:
1726             try:
1727                 sys.exc_clear()
1728             except Exception:
1729                 pass
1730         self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s - %s\n' % (
1731             platform.python_version(), platform_name()))
1732
1733         exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
1734         exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()
1735         exe_str = ', '.join(
1736             '%s %s' % (exe, v)
1737             for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())
1738             if v
1739         )
1740         if not exe_str:
1741             exe_str = 'none'
1742         self._write_string('[debug] exe versions: %s\n' % exe_str)
1743
1744         proxy_map = {}
1745         for handler in self._opener.handlers:
1746             if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
1747                 proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
1748         self._write_string('[debug] Proxy map: ' + compat_str(proxy_map) + '\n')
1749
1750         if self.params.get('call_home', False):
1751             ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode('utf-8')
1752             self._write_string('[debug] Public IP address: %s\n' % ipaddr)
1753             latest_version = self.urlopen(
1754                 'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode('utf-8')
1755             if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
1756                 self.report_warning(
1757                     'You are using an outdated version (newest version: %s)! '
1758                     'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
1759                     latest_version)
1760
1761     def _setup_opener(self):
1762         timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
1763         self._socket_timeout = 600 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
1764
1765         opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
1766         opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
1767
1768         if opts_cookiefile is None:
1769             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
1770         else:
1771             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
1772                 opts_cookiefile)
1773             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
1774                 self.cookiejar.load()
1775
1776         cookie_processor = compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor(
1777             self.cookiejar)
1778         if opts_proxy is not None:
1779             if opts_proxy == '':
1780                 proxies = {}
1781             else:
1782                 proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
1783         else:
1784             proxies = compat_urllib_request.getproxies()
1785             # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/805)
1786             if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
1787                 proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
1788         proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
1789
1790         debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
1791         https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
1792         ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
1793         opener = compat_urllib_request.build_opener(
1794             proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh)
1795
1796         # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
1797         # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
1798         # (See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
1799         opener.addheaders = []
1800         self._opener = opener
1801
1802     def encode(self, s):
1803         if isinstance(s, bytes):
1804             return s  # Already encoded
1805
1806         try:
1807             return s.encode(self.get_encoding())
1808         except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
1809             err.reason = err.reason + '. Check your system encoding configuration or use the --encoding option.'
1810             raise
1811
1812     def get_encoding(self):
1813         encoding = self.params.get('encoding')
1814         if encoding is None:
1815             encoding = preferredencoding()
1816         return encoding
1817
1818     def _write_thumbnails(self, info_dict, filename):
1819         if self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
1820             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1821             if thumbnails:
1822                 thumbnails = [thumbnails[-1]]
1823         elif self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False):
1824             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1825         else:
1826             return
1827
1828         if not thumbnails:
1829             # No thumbnails present, so return immediately
1830             return
1831
1832         for t in thumbnails:
1833             thumb_ext = determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
1834             suffix = '_%s' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
1835             thumb_display_id = '%s ' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
1836             thumb_filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + suffix + '.' + thumb_ext
1837
1838             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumb_filename)):
1839                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Thumbnail %sis already present' %
1840                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
1841             else:
1842                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Downloading thumbnail %s...' %
1843                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
1844                 try:
1845                     uf = self.urlopen(t['url'])
1846                     with open(thumb_filename, 'wb') as thumbf:
1847                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
1848                     self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Writing thumbnail %sto: %s' %
1849                                    (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id, thumb_filename))
1850                 except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
1851                     self.report_warning('Unable to download thumbnail "%s": %s' %
1852                                         (t['url'], compat_str(err)))